Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| how to observe ventilation |
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Definition
-do it for 1 minute
-observe it when the patient is unaware
-note effort, noise, and chest expansion |
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Term
| normal reading for pulse oximetry |
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Definition
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Term
| what reading of pulse oximetry warrants assessment for supplemental oxygen? |
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Definition
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Term
| normal systolic/diastolic blood pressure |
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Definition
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Term
| prehypertension systolic/diastolic blood pressure |
|
Definition
120-139 systolic
80-89 diastolic
mm Hg |
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Term
Stage 1 hypertension
systolic/diastolic blood pressure |
|
Definition
140-159 systolic
90-99 diastolic
mm Hg |
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Term
Stage 2 hypertension
systolic/diastolic blood pressure |
|
Definition
>160 systolic
>100 diastolic
mm Hg |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| hypothermia and hyperthermia body temps |
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Definition
< 95 F Hypothermia
Hyperthermia >100.4 F (38c) |
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Term
| test for assessing walking pain |
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Definition
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Term
| “Do Not Want To Miss List” of Nine Conditions |
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Definition
1. Major depression
2. Suicide risk
3. Femoral head and neck fractures
4. Cauda equina syndrome
5.Cervical myelopathy
6. Abdominal aortic aneurysm
7. Deep venous thrombosis
8. Pulmonary embolism
9. Atypical myocardial infarction |
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Term
| 2 initial questions for depression |
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Definition
over the past 2 weeks have you felt:
1. down, depressed, or hopeless?
2. little interest or pleasure in doing things? |
|
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Term
| secondary observations pertaining to depression |
|
Definition
Noting 3-4 of the following:
1. significant weight change
2. insomnia or hypersomnia
3. psychomotor agitation, retardation
4. fatigue
5. feelings of worthlessness, guilt
6. difficulty concentrating, thinking
7. recurrent thoughts of suicide |
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Term
| major depression risk factors |
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Definition
1. history of major depression
2. Women, especially during pregnancy or postpartum
3. History of diabetes, myocardial infarction, cancer, stroke, chemical dependency
4. Suffering from significant loss, including change in social status
5. Positive family history (first-degree relative) |
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Term
| method for assessing femoral head fracture/hip trauma |
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Definition
| Auscultatory patellar –pubic percussion test |
|
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Term
Auscultatory patellar –pubic percussion test
-describe the test procedure |
|
Definition
-Pt in supine
-Stethoscope midline on pubic symphysis ( patient can hold)
-Stabilize patella and pull skin down with one hand percuss with other
-Positive – duller and diminished sound |
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Term
| Cauda Equina risk factors (5) |
|
Definition
1. Low back injury, central disk herniation
2. Congenital or acquired spinal stenosis (degenerative disk or facet joint disease, degenerative spondylolisthesis)
3. Spinal fracture
4. Ankylosing spondylitis
5. Tuberculosis |
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Term
| Cauda Equina syndrome presentation: (7) |
|
Definition
1. Bowel dysfunction
2. Urinary dysfunction
3. Sexual dysfunction (reduced sensation during intercourse, impotence)
4.Sensory deficits-Perineum and “saddle” regions
5.Motor deficits-Lower limbs (multiple spinal level weakness)
6.Ataxia with gait
7.C/O heavy/weak legs |
|
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Term
| Damage to the spinal cord in the neck region |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Cervical myelopathy presentation (8) |
|
Definition
1. Paresthesia
2. Neck pain/stiffness
3. Hand Clumsiness
4. Gait disturbances
5. Incontinence
6. Muscle weakness
7. Poor handwriting
8. Buttoning problems |
|
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Term
| risk factors for Cervical myelopathy (6) |
|
Definition
1. Spondylotic changes
2. Above 50
3. Significant history of neck trauma
4. RA
5. Infections
6. Tumors |
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Term
| Abdominal aortic aneurysm is, generally... |
|
Definition
| Vessel diameter >3 cm distal to the renal arteries |
|
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Term
Abdominal aortic aneurysm
-risk factors (5) |
|
Definition
1. Over 60
2. Atherosclerosis ( HD risk factors)
3. Most AAA deaths are over 65 ( 10th leading cause over 65 in men)
4. Smoking, Family History
5. Male (5x) |
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Term
| presentation of abdominal aortic aneurysm (4) |
|
Definition
1. Often asymptomatic, and found during imaging for a different reason
2. Back , Abdominal , groin , hip pain
3. Increase with general activity
4. Non mechanical |
|
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Term
diameters of an abdominal aortic aneurysm
to consider (2) |
|
Definition
-Diameter of 3cm = monitored
-diameter >5cm = surgery |
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Term
|
Definition
-Pt supine legs extended
-Observe for pulse
-palpate aorta (start 2 inches above umbilicus, and follow common iliacs from umbilicus to asis)
-Auscultate Parasternal line, Down to umbilicus and common illiacs |
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|
Term
| Deep venous thrombosis risk factors |
|
Definition
• Previous history of DVT
• History of cancer
• History of congestive heart failure
• History of systemic lupus erythematosus
• Receiving chemotherapy
• Major surgery
• Major trauma
• Immobility
• Limb paralysis
• Women during pregnancy
• Women taking oral contraceptives, hormone replacement therapy
• Age >60 yr |
|
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Term
| Clinical Manifestations associated with DVT (4) |
|
Definition
-Ache
-Tightness
-Pitting edema
-Increased skin temperature |
|
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Term
| 5 of the Wells DVT Criteria |
|
Definition
1. entire leg swollen
2. Pitting edema, greater in symptomatic leg
3. Previously documented DVT
4. Bedridden recently >3 days or major surgery within 4 weeks
5. Paralysis, paresis, or recent plaster immobilization of the lower extremity |
|
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Term
|
Definition
–2 to zero = low probability of DVT (5%; 95% CI, 4.0%-8.0%)
1-2 = moderate probability of DVT (17%; 95% CI, 13%-23%)
≥3 = high probability (53%; 95% CI, 44%-61%) |
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Term
| common cause of Pulmonary embolism |
|
Definition
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Term
| Risk Factors Associated With Development of Pulmonary Embolism (8) |
|
Definition
1. Previous history of PE
2. History of DVT
3. Immobility
4. History of abdominal, pelvic surgery
5. Total hip, knee replacement
6. Late-stage pregnancy
7. Lower limb fractures
8. Malignancy of pelvis or abdomen |
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Term
| PUlmonary embolism Signs and Symptoms (7) |
|
Definition
| 1. Asymptomatic 2. SOB suddenly 3. Tachypnea 4. Tachycardia 5. Chest Pain (sharp worse with deep breathing) 6. Coughing up blood 7. Sweating |
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Term
| 4 of the Wells Criteria for Determining Probability of Pulmonary Embolism |
|
Definition
1. Clinical signs of DVT
2. Heart rate >100 beats/min
3. Immobilization for 3 days or longer, or surgery in previous 4 wk
4. Previous diagnosis of PE or DVT |
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Term
myocardial infarction
-typical presentation |
|
Definition
Left sided chest tightness, pressure
Pain possibly into the left UE |
|
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Term
Atypical myocardial infarction
-atypical presentation |
|
Definition
1. women: 50% w/chest pain
2. Upper abdominal epigastric, neck, jaw, tooth, intrascapular pain, right arm pain,
3.May not be associated with exertion
4. Indigestion in which antacids don’t work
5. Dyspnea
6. Fatigue |
|
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Term
Atypical myocardial infarction
-modifiable risk factors (7) |
|
Definition
1. Cigarette smoking
2. High cholesterol levels
3. Hypertension
4. Diabetes
5. Obesity
6. Sedentary lifestyle
7. Excessive alcohol consumption |
|
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Term
Atypical myocardial infarction
-non-modifiable risk factors |
|
Definition
-Age >55 female, >45 men
-Family HX
-Ethnicity |
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