Term
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Definition
| Acid fast mycolic acid cell wall. Tuberculosis is most common, disease of poverty. Fibrocalcific nodule at infection. Cell-mediated immunity is key. Infects macrophages blocking fusion. Immunity: TNF, Th1, NRAMP1, INFgamma |
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Term
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Definition
| absence of an effective tuberculosis immune response if mutated. Pumps divalent cations from lysosome |
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Term
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Definition
| 5% become clinical. Dissemination results in tuberculous meningitis and miliary tuberculosis |
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Term
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Definition
| previously sensitized host. night sweats, malaise, anorexia, hemoptysis in half. Pleuritic pain from extension. Culture is gold standard |
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Term
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Definition
| Caseous gray-white consolidation containing tubercle bacilli |
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Term
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Definition
| Ghon focus with lymph nodes infected by extension |
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Term
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Definition
| Detectable fibrosis and calcification of a Ghon focus |
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Term
| Miliary Pulmonary Disease |
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Definition
| Organisms enter venous blood through lymphatics draining back to the lung |
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Term
| Systemic miliary tuberculosis |
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Definition
| bacteria disseminate through the systemic arterial system |
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Term
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Definition
| Vertebral tuberculosis infection |
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Term
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Definition
| most frequent presentation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. oafter scrofula |
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Term
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Definition
| cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis |
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Term
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Definition
| Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Complex |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| feverish, drenching night sweats. abundant acid-fast bacilli in macrophages. Often in the immunocompromised |
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Term
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Definition
| Also Hansen's disease. Mycobacterium leprae. Aerosol spread with macrophage dissemination. Acid fast intracellular organism |
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Term
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Definition
| less severe, dry scaly skin lesions that lack sensation. Th1 response with IL-2 and IFNgamma combats infection |
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Term
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Definition
| Also anergic leprosy. symmetric skin thickening and nodules. Schwann cells are invaded. Lepra cells with globi of bacilli. Leonine facies |
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Term
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Definition
| large arregates of lipid-laden macrophages often filled with globi of bacilli |
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Term
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Definition
| Masses of acid-fast bacilli, seen in lepromatous leprosy |
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Term
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Definition
| Formed by coalescent nodular lesions in lepromatous leprosy |
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Term
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Definition
| Gram-negative, slender, corkscrew-shaped bacteria. Axial periplasmic flagella. 'Outer sheath' membrane. Includes syphilis, Borrelia |
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Term
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Definition
| Treponema pallidum. Cleared by Th1 response. Penicillin |
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Term
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Definition
| chancre. Heals in 3-6 weeks. Hematologic and lymphatic dissemination. Button-like mass directly adjacent to the eroded skin. Plasma cell infiltrate. Local lymphadenitis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Single firm, nontender, raised, red lesion. Heals in 2-6 weeks. |
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Term
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Definition
| 2-10 weeks in 75%. palmar/plantar lesions. Condylomata lata, silvery-gray superficial erosions on mucous membranes. red-brown macules <5mm |
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Term
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Definition
| Rare with care. 5 year latency. Types: cardiovascular, neurosyphylis, and benign |
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Term
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Definition
| 80% of tertiary, dilation of the aortic root and arch causing valve insufficiency |
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Term
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Definition
| meningovascular disease, tabes dorsalis, general paresis. CSF pleocytosis, protein and decreased glucose. |
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Term
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Definition
| gummas in various sites (bone, skin, mucous membranes) |
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Term
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Definition
| White-gray and rubbery. Bone, skin, and joints. May cause hepatic lesions: hepar lobatum |
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Term
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Definition
| Transplacental. Early (nasal congestion, desquamation, hepatomegaly/cirrhosis, skeletal anomalies) and late (triad: keratitis, Hutchinson teeth, eighth-nerve deafness) |
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Term
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Definition
| Non-treponemal (tertiary negative, VDRL: positive 4-6 wk.) Treponemal (antibody tests, always positive). HIV false positives |
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Term
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Definition
| Borrelia recurrentis: war disease. Ornithodorus (soft-bodied) ticks. DIC and multiorgan failure. Limited genetic repertoire. Splenomegaly, erythrophagocytosis, hemorrhages |
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Term
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Definition
| Macrophages with phagocytosed red cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Borrelia burgdorferi. Ixodes deer ticks. Hypercellular CSF with meningitis |
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Term
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Definition
| erythemia chronicum migrans: expanding redness w/ pale center for 4-12 weeks |
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Term
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Definition
| Early disseminated stage, joint and muscle pain, cardiac arrhythmias, meningitis, cranial nerve involvement |
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Term
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Definition
| Late disseminated stage. 2/3 years after. Chronic arthritis, polyneuropathy, encephalitis. SLE-like onionskin-lesions |
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