Term
| Anterior Pituitary Hormones |
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Definition
| Prolactin, GH, ACTH, POMC, MSH, endorphins, lipotropin, THS, FSH, LH |
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Term
|
Definition
| Somatotrophs, Lactotrophs, Corticotrophs, Thyrotrophs, Gonadotrophs, Mammosomatotroph |
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Term
| Posterior Pituitary Hormones |
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Definition
| oxytocin, ADH (vasopressin) |
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Term
| Corticotrophy Hyperplasia Diseases |
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Definition
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Term
| Somatotroph Hyperplasia Diseases |
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Definition
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Term
| Lactotroph Hyperplasia Diseases |
|
Definition
| Galactorrhea, amenorrhea, sexual dysfunction, infertility |
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Term
|
Definition
| Lactotroph/somatotroph combination |
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Term
| Thyrotroph Hyperplasia Diseases |
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Definition
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Term
| Gonadotroph Hyperplasia Diseases |
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Definition
| Hypogonadism, mass effects, hypopituitarism |
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Term
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Definition
| codes for alpha-subunit of Gs on 20q13, generates cAMP when bound by GTP. Not in thyrotroph, lactotroph, and gonadotroph adenomas |
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Term
|
Definition
| 11q13 inactivating mutation. 1/3 develop pituitary adenomas. |
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Term
|
Definition
| 12p13 producing p27 (KIP1) inactivation causing MEN-like syndrome |
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|
Term
| PRKAR1A (protein kinase A regulatory subunit 1alpha) |
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Definition
| 17q24 mutate causing Carney complex. Autosomal-dominant. inappropriate activation of cAMP. |
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Term
| AIP (aryl hydrocarbon receptor interacting protein) |
|
Definition
| 11q pituitary adenoma predisposition gene. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Often caused by low dopamine inhibition of lactotrophs. Treated with bromocriptine |
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Term
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Definition
| Second most common functioning pituitary adenoma. Either dense or sparse. IGF-1 meadiates clinical changes. Gigantism or acromegaly, gonadal dysfunction, diabetes, mellitus, weakness, HTN, arthritis, CHF, GI cancers. |
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|
Term
| Densely granulated somatotroph adenomas |
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Definition
| monomorphic and acidophilic cells with cytokeratin perinuclearly. |
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Term
|
Definition
| bihormonal pituitary adenoma expressing GH and prolactin. Resemble densely granulated pure somatotroph. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Either basphilic dense or chromophobic sparse. PAS positive due to POMC carbohydrates. Cause hypercortisolism, Cushing. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Removal of adrenal glands disinhibits pituitary corticotrophs leading to hyperplasia, mass effect, hyperpigmentation. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Difficult to recognize, neurologic symptoms from mass effect. FHS is more common than LH |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Causes of hypopituitarism |
|
Definition
| Tumors w/ mass effects, trauma, surgery, apoplexy, ischemic necrosis, rathke cleft cyst, empty sella syndrome. genetic defects, hypothalamic lesions. Present with growth failure, amenorrhea, infertility, pallor |
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Term
|
Definition
| sudden hemorrhage in the pituitary gland. headache, diplopia, neurosurgical emergency |
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Term
|
Definition
| Also postpartum necrosis of the anterior pituitary. Pituitary hyperplasia secondary to pregnancy exacerbated by anoxia of obstetric hemorrhage precipitates infarction. Associated with DIC and sickle cell |
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Term
| Genetic Defects causing Hypopituitarism |
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Definition
| POU1F: pituitary-specific homeobox gene |
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|
Term
| Posterior Pituitary Syndromes |
|
Definition
| Diabetes Insipidus, SIADH |
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Term
|
Definition
| excessive urination. Central when secondary to deficient ADH secretion. Nephrogenic when resulting from renal insufficiency. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Excessive ADH secretion causes hyponatremia. Often ectopic ADH secretion by tumors. Cerebral edema and neurologic dysfunction |
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Term
|
Definition
| Mostly gliomas or craniopharyngiomas. Headaches and visual disturbances. Cause hypopituitarism from mass effect. Adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma (children) and papillary craniopharyngioma (adults) |
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Term
| Adamantinomatous Craniopharyngiomas |
|
Definition
| dystrophic calcification, nest/cords of spongy reticulum. Palisading epithelium. Lamellar keratin formation (wet keratin). Brownish-yellow cholesterol-rich fluid like machine oil. Fingerlets into adjacent brain. |
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|
Term
| Papillary Craniopharyngioma |
|
Definition
| solid sheets and papillae. Lack keratin, calcification and cysts. Squamous cells without reticulum. |
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