Term
|
Definition
| recipient T cells recognize donor MHC molecules. Donor dentritic cells tattle. CTLs kill directly and CD4+ trigger delayed hypersensitivity through cytokines. |
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Term
|
Definition
| recipient T cells recognized donor antigens from donor APCs. This pathway cannot kill grafts because CTLs don't recognized donor MHCs. Cytokines still hurt |
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Term
| Types of humoral rejection |
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Definition
| Hyperacute: preformed antidonor antibodies. Other: Body makes antibodies after donation |
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Term
|
Definition
| Hyperacute: minutes, thrombotic occlusion with neutrophilic necrosis. Acute: days, humoral and cellular rejection w/ inflammation. Acute humoral: rejection vasculitis, antidonor antibodies, necrosis, intimal thickening. Chronic: vascular changes, basement duplication |
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Term
| Acute rejection responds to immunosuppression except with |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| cyclosporine, azathioprine, steroids, rapamycin, mycophenolate mofetil, anti-T-cell antibodies. |
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Term
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Definition
| days to weeks. epithelia of the skin, liver and intestines. bile duct sclerosis. bloody diarrhea |
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Term
|
Definition
| extensive cutaneous injury, systemic sclerosis, esophageal strictures, thymic involution, infections |
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Term
| Bruton's Agammaglobulinemia |
|
Definition
| Also X-linked Agammaglobulinemmia |
|
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Term
| X-linked Agammaglobulinemia |
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Definition
| failure of B-cell precursors. Bruton tyrosine kinase (Brk) mutation prevents Ig light chain creation. Xq21.22. Recurrent infections at 6 mo. CD19 but not Ig. Underdeveloped germinal centers. No plasma cells. |
|
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Term
| Common Variable Immunodeficiency |
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Definition
| poorly defined. hypogammaglobulinemia. B-cells don't differentiate to plasma cells. Genetics: BAFF for survival, ICOS like CD28 costimulator. B-cell hyperplasia |
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Term
|
Definition
| common and fairly benign. Familial or toxoplasmosis, measles, viral infection. IgA becomes antigenic. IgG2/4 deficiency especially prone to infection. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Inability to produce IgA/G/E. T-cells fail to send activating signals. X-linked: CD40L on Xq26. Recessive: CD40 or activation-induced deaminase. Recurrent infections. P. jiroveci |
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Term
|
Definition
| Parte of 22q11 deletion syndrome. 3rd/4th pharyngeal pouch dysfunction. Parathyroid/thymus aplasia. Genetics: T0box transription factors |
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Term
| Severe Combined Immunodeficiency |
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Definition
| SCID. Defect in both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. thrush, diaper rash, failure to thrive. X-linked or recessive and less common: recombinase-activating genes, Jak3, kinases, calcium channels, MHC II (bare lymphocyte syndrome. |
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|
Term
| Two most common forms of SCID |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| gamma-c subunit of cytokine receptors. Signal transduction is broken for IL-2/4/7/9/11/15/21. undifferentiated epithelial fetal appearing thymus |
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Term
|
Definition
| Autosomal recessive adenosine deaminase deficiency. remnants of Hassall's corpuscles visible. deoxyadenosine accumulation |
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Term
|
Definition
| Vital to survival and proliferation of lymphoid progenitors, especially T-cells |
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Term
|
Definition
| Immunodifficiency with thrombocytopenia and Eczema |
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|
Term
| Immunodifficiency with thrombocytopenia and Eczema |
|
Definition
| X-linked recessive. Thymus is normal. No polysaccharide antibodies. IgM low but IgG normal. Potentially elevated IgA/E. WASP on Xp11.23 believed to link cytoskeleton to membrane receptors |
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Term
|
Definition
| C2: most common, SLE-autoimmune. C1q/r/s or C4: SLE-glomerulonephritis. C3/5: pyogenic infections. C6/7/8: neisserial infections. C9: no known deficiency (neisserial?) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Deficiency in C1 inhibitors. targets C1r/s, XII, and kallikrein. Episodes of edema. |
|
|
Term
| Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria |
|
Definition
| enzymes required for glycophosphatidyl inositol linkages required for decay-accelerating factor and CD59. Uncontrolled complement causes hemolysis |
|
|
Term
| Protein factor H mutations |
|
Definition
| Cause about 10% of hemolytic uremic syndrome caused by microvascular thrombosis of the kidneys |
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Term
|
Definition
| Core: capsid p24, nucleocapsid p7/9, RNAx2, viral enzymes (protease, reverse transcriptase, integrase). p17 surrounds core. Envelope: gp120 and 41 for entry |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Processed into p17, p24, p7 and p6 |
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Term
|
Definition
| p15. Increases viral replications. Allows for macrophage infection |
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Term
|
Definition
| Matrix protein surrounding the core |
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Term
|
Definition
| capsin protein that binds cyclophilin A |
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Term
|
Definition
| RNA binding protein, nucleocapsid |
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Term
|
Definition
| Interacts with VPR, core protein, virion building in terminal steps |
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Term
|
Definition
| protease (p10), reverse transcriptase and RNAse H (p66/51) and integrase (p32) |
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Term
|
Definition
| cuts the HIV pro-protein into individual groups that are originally produced as a single long protein |
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Term
|
Definition
| Long Termninal Region: required for transcription initiation, NF-kappaB, NFAT, Sp1, TBP, TAR that binds Tat |
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Term
|
Definition
| p23. Overcomes APOBEC3G inhibitor |
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Term
|
Definition
| promotes CD4 degradation, increases virion release |
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Term
|
Definition
| gp160 envelope protein. cleaved to gp120 and gp41 |
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Term
|
Definition
| Surface protein. mediates CD4 and chemokine receptor binding |
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Term
|
Definition
| mediates fusion. Hydrophobic area is exposed on binding leading to fusion. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Viral gene expression regulator (p19). Promotes nuclear export |
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Term
|
Definition
| Negative effector p24. Downregulates CD4 and MHCI. Enhances virion infectivity. Lack slows disease progression |
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Term
|
Definition
| transcriptional activator p14. Enhances RNA pol II elongation of integrated viral DNA 1000 fold |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| use CXCR4. More likely to cause syncytia |
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Term
|
Definition
| M (major), O (outlier), N (neither) |
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Term
|
Definition
| apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like editing complex 3. Cytidine deaminase causing cytosine-to-uracil mutations. Blocks HIV replication |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| caused by KS herpesvirus (KSHV) aka human herpes virus 8 (HHV8) |
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Term
|
Definition
| produces cyclin D analogue, p53 inhibitors, paracine signals: IL-6 and chemokines |
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Term
|
Definition
| systemic, CNS, body cavity |
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Term
|
Definition
| Stains with Congo red w/ green birefringence. Amorphous, eosinophilic, hyaline, extracellular |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| cross-beta-pleated sheet conformation. fibrils 95% with 5% P component and glycoproteins |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Amyloid light chain from Ig light chains. Mostly lambda but some kappa |
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Term
|
Definition
| amyloid-associated. SAA synthesized in the liver. (Serum amyloid-associated). Produced in response to chronic inflammation w/ IL-1/6 |
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Term
|
Definition
| beta-amyloid protein (Abeta) found in Alzheimer disease, derived by proteolysis from amyloid precursor protein. |
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|
Term
| Other protein associated with amyloid |
|
Definition
| mutant transthyretin: transports thyroxine and retinol. beta2-microglobulin: MHC class I component Abeta2m in hemodialysis. Also prions |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Immunocyte dyscrasias with amyloidosis. AL type. Most common. Abnormal Ig levels. Bence-Jones protein. |
|
|
Term
| Reactive Systemic Amyloidosis |
|
Definition
| AA protein. complicates RA, ankylosing spondylitis, IBD. Heroin abusers and skin-popping narcotics |
|
|
Term
| Hemodialysis-Associated Amyloidosis |
|
Definition
| beta2-microglobulin type. present with carpal tunnel syndrome |
|
|
Term
| Heredofamilial Amyloidosis |
|
Definition
| most common is autosomal recessive called familial Mediterranean fever. High IL-1. pyrin gene regulates inflammation. AA type amyloidosis. Dominant form: TTRs in peripheral and autonomic nerves |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tumors such as medullary carcinoma. Derived from polypeptide hormones etc |
|
|
Term
| Senile systemic amyloidosis |
|
Definition
| elderly patients, heart dysfunction is dominant. TTR type |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| waxy appearance macroscopically. Iodide appears yellow turning blue with sulfuric acid. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Deposited primarily in the glomeruli. uneven widening of basement membranes. proteinuria and nephrotic syndrome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Either sago spleen with tapioca-like granules or lardaceous spleen with map-like areas of amyloidosis |
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