Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Pathology 1166 - 1202
Robbins and Cotran
111
Pathology
Graduate
02/07/2011

Additional Pathology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Excoriation
Definition
breaking epidermis causing a raw linear area (scratch)
Term
Lichenification
Definition
rough skin from repeated rubbing
Term
Macule
Definition
circumscribed <5mm lesion characterized by flatness (Patch is >5mm)
Term
Onycholysis
Definition
Separation of nail from bed
Term
Papule
Definition
Elevated dome-shaped lesions <5mm (nodule is >5mm)
Term
Plaque
Definition
Elevated flat-topped lesion >5mm
Term
Pustule
Definition
discrete, pus-filled raised lesion
Term
Scale
Definition
platelike excrescence, often from imperfect cornification
Term
Vesicle
Definition
Fluid-filled raised lesion <5mm (Bulla is >5mm)
Term
Blister
Definition
A vesicle or Bulla
Term
Bulla
Definition
Fluid-filled raised lesion > 5mm
Term
Wheal
Definition
Itchy, transient, elevated lesion with variable blanching, dermal edema
Term
Acantholysis
Definition
loss of intercellular cohesion
Term
Acanthosis
Definition
diffuse epidermal hyperplasia
Term
Dyskeratosis
Definition
Abnormal, premature keratinization within cells below the stratum granulosum
Term
Exocytosis
Definition
Infiltration by inflammatory cells
Term
Hydropic Swelling
Definition
Intracellular edema of keratinocytes, viral infections
Term
Hypergranulosis
Definition
Hyperplasia of the stratum granulosum
Term
Hyperkeratosis
Definition
Thickening of the stratum corneum
Term
Lentiginous
Definition
linear melanocyte proliferation within the epidermal basal cell layer
Term
Papillomatosis
Definition
elevation caused by hyperplasia and enlargement of continuous dermal papillae
Term
Parakeratosis
Definition
keratinization with retained nuclei in the stratum corneum
Term
Spongiosis
Definition
Intercellular edema of the epidermis
Term
Ulceration
Definition
Discontinuity of the skin showing complete loss of the epidermis
Term
Vacuolization
Definition
vacuoles within or adjacent to cells
Term
Ephelis
Definition
Freckle
Term
Lentigo
Definition
letiginous linear (non-nested) melanocytic hyperplasia
Term
Melanocytic Nevus
Definition
neoplasm of melanocytes. CDKN2A, NRAS, BRAE
Term
Breslow thickness
Definition
depth of invasion from the superficial epidermal granular cell layer to the deepest intradermal tumor cells
Term
Radial growth of malanoma
Definition
lentigo maligna : indolent lesion; superficial spreading : sun-exposed skin; acral/mucosal lentiginous : unrelated to sun
Term
Melanoma
Definition
Genes: MC1R, ASIP, TYR, CDKN2A, p16/INK4a; RAS, PI-3K/AKT, BRAF, PTEN silenced
Term
Seborrheic keratosis
Definition
keratin=filled 'horn' cysts. Dermatosis papulosa nigra. ingavination cysts. Leser-Trelat sign for paraneoplastic syndrome
Term
Acanthosis Nigricans
Definition
hyperpigmented skin with a velvet-like texture; Gene FGFR3 for malignant type. Seen with achondroplasia and thanatophoric dysplasia
Term
Fibroepithelial Polyp
Definition
seen in Birt-Hogg-Dube with tumors of perifollicular mesenchyme
Term
Epithelial Cyst (Wen)
Definition
filled with keratin and lipid-containing debris derived form sebaceous secretions
Term
epidermal inclusion cyst
Definition
Wen : wall resembling normal epidermis
Term
pilar / trichilemmal cysts
Definition
Wen : resembles follicular epithelium
Term
dermoid cyst
Definition
Wen : contains multiple appendages budding outward from its wall
Term
Steatocystoma simplex
Definition
cyst with a wall resembling a sebaceous gland duct
Term
Congenital Nevus
Definition
Depp dermal growth, present at birth, large ones have increased melanoma risk
Term
Blue nevus
Definition
non-nested dermal infiltration with fibrosis, often confused with melanoma
Term
Spindle and epithelioid cell (Spitz nevus)
Definition
Fascicular growth, red-pink nodule, confused with hemangioma, plump pink-blue fusiform cells
Term
halo nevus
Definition
lymphocytic infiltration surrounding nevus, host immune response
Term
Dysplastic Nevus
Definition
Coalescent intraepidermal nests, cytologic atypia
Term
eccrine poroma
Definition
on the palms and soles
Term
cylindroma
Definition
ductal (apocrine of eccrine) differentiation; Gine: CYLD
Term
Syringomas
Definition
eccrine differentiation, lower eyelids
Term
Sebaceous adenomas
Definition
internal malignancy in the Muir-Torre syndrome, frothy or bubbly cytoplasm in cells; Genes: WNT
Term
Pilomatricomas
Definition
follicular differentiation; Genes: CTNNB1 beta-catenin gene
Term
Trichoepithelioma
Definition
basaloid cells resembling hair follicles
Term
Apocrine carcinoma
Definition
ductal differentiation with prominent decapitation secretion
Term
Actinic Keratosis (cheilitis for lips)
Definition
'horn forming', pink or reddish cytoplasm due to dyskeratosis, parakeratosis; treat with imiquimod
Term
Squamous cell carcinoma
Definition
second most common tumor arising on sun-exposed sites in older people (#1 is basal cell carcinoma)nuclei involve all levels, dyskeratosis, HPV 5&8, p53 dysfunction
Term
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Definition
most common invasive cancer in humans, prominent, dilated subepidermal blood vessels (telangiectasias), highly invasive, palisading cells; Genes: PTCH, p53
Term
Multifocal growth pattern
Definition
Basal Cell Carcinoma: originating from the epidermis and over the skin surface
Term
Nodular Lesion Pattern
Definition
Basal Cell Carcinoma: growing downward deeply into the dermis as cords and islands, mucinous matrix
Term
Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS)
Definition
also Gorlin syndrome. Autosomal dominant. intracranial calcification, rib anomalies, PTCH on 9p22.3 Patched.
Term
dermatofibroma (benign fibrous histiocytoma)
Definition
often flattened, dimple inward on lateral compression (nodular melanomas protrude when squeezed) spindle-shaped cells, well-defined, nonencapsulated
Term
Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans
Definition
fibroblasts arranged radially, locally aggressive, 'pinwheel or storiform', honeycomb pattern; Gene: COL1A1 / PDGFB translocation. Treat with surgery or imatinib
Term
Mycosis Fungoides
Definition
overexpression of CLA (d-emblee is more agressive nodular eruptive variant) scaly, red-brown patches, fungating nodules, CD4 t-cells, steroids for therapy
Term
Sezary-Lutzner Cells
Definition
form band-like aggregates, invade the epidermis forming pautrier microabscesses, infolded nuclear membranes, cerebriform contour
Term
Sezary syndrome
Definition
Mycosis Fungoides: diffuse erythema and scaling of the entire body surface (erythroderma)
Term
Mastocytosis
Definition
inceased mast cells, use toluidine blue or Giemsa stains)
Term
Urticaria pigmentosa
Definition
50% of all cases predominantly in children. often systemic. prognosis may be poor
Term
Darier sign
Definition
dermal edema and erythema (wheal) when lesion skin is rubbed
Term
Dermatographism
Definition
dermal edema as a result of localized stroking with a pointed instrument
Term
Ichthyosis
Definition
hyperkeratosis resembling fish scales, loss of normal basket-weave patter of stratum corneum
Term
X-linked ichthyosis
Definition
deficiency of steroid sulfatase
Term
Urticaria
Definition
Hives. localized mast cell degranulation
Term
Angioedema
Definition
deeper edema of both the dermis and the subcutaneous fat
Term
Acute Eczematous Dermatitis
Definition
red, papulovesicular, oozing and crusted lesions. Can be allergic, atopic, drug, photoeczematous, or primary irritant. Spongiosis. Edema seeps into the intercelular spaces.
Term
Impetiginization
Definition
bacterial superinfection of eczema producing a yellow crust
Term
Erythema Multiforme
Definition
hypersensitivity reaction. Caused by: infections, drugs, malignant disease, vascular diseases. degenerating necrotic keratinocytes, interface dermatitis, blister formation, targetoid (target-like09 lesions with central necrosis surrounded by perivenular inflammation. CLA+ CD8+ CTLs
Term
Psoriasis
Definition
associated with arthritis, myopathy, enteropathy, spondylitic joint disease, AIDS, plaques, nail changes, oil slick discoloration, elongation of rete ridges like test tubes in a rack. Stratum granulosum thinned, vessels close to parakeratotic scale, Auspitz sign, munro microabscesses. HLA-C
Term
Auspitz sign
Definition
bleeding points when the scale is lifted from the plaque
Term
Munro microabscesses
Definition
neutrophil aggregates within parakeratotic stratum corneum
Term
Seborrheic Dermatitis
Definition
dandruff. cradle cap in infants. follicular lipping. ketoconazole treates lipophilic yeast malassezia furfur
Term
Lichen Planus
Definition
pruritic, purple, polygonal, planar papules and plaques, highlighted by white dots (wickham striae). anucleate necrotic basal cells called colloid or Civatte bodies. interface dermatitis
Term
Pemphigus
Definition
autoantibodies against desmogleins. result in the dissolution of intercellular attachments within the epidermis and mucosal epithelium. Acantholysis. blister base like row of tombstones.
Term
Pemphigus Vulgaris
Definition
Most common. bullae rupture leaving shallow erosions.
Term
Pemphigus vegetans
Definition
large moist verrucous vegetating plaques
Term
Pemphigus foliaceus
Definition
endemic in Brazil with very superficial errosions
Term
Pemphigus erythematosus
Definition
localized, less severe, malar area of the face.
Term
Paraneoplastic pemphigus
Definition
most commonly associated with non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Term
Bullouw Pemphigoid
Definition
elderly individuals, tense bullae, do not rupture easily unlike pemphigus. subepidermal, nonacantholytic blisters. linear deposition of immunoglobulin and complement. Bullow pemphigoid antigen (BPAG) against hemidesmosomes.
Term
Dermatitis Herpetiformis
Definition
urticaria and grouped vesicles, associated with celiac disease, IgA against reticulin. neutrophils at tips of drml papillae, pruritic!, involving extensor surfaces
Term
Epidermolysis Bullosa
Definition
inherited defects in structural proteins
Term
Epidermolysis Bullosa : simplex type
Definition
defects of the basal cell layer from mutations in keratins 5 or 14, normally pair with one another
Term
Epidermolysis Bullosa : junctional type
Definition
blisters occur at the level of the lamina lucida
Term
epidermolysis Bullosa : dystrophic type
Definition
blisters develop beneath the lamina densa. Genes: COL7A1 for type VII collagen. risk of Squamous cell carcinoma
Term
non-Herlitz junctional epidermolysis bullosa
Definition
LAMB3 for laminin VB3
Term
Porphyria
Definition
porhyrins are pigments normaly in hemoglobin etc. Types : congenital trythropoietic, erythrohepatic, acute intermittent, cutanea tarda, mixed. Sunlight sensitivity, superficial dermal vessel wall thickening
Term
Acne Vulgaris
Definition
Types : open/closed comedones, lipase-synthesizing bacteria (proprionibacterium acnes), inflammation; treatment: isotretinoin
Term
Rosacea
Definition
flushing, erythema and telangiectasia, pustules and papules, rhinophyma, antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin
Term
Panniculitis
Definition
inflammatory reaction in the subcutaneous adipose tissue affecting the septa or the lobules
Term
Erythema nodosum
Definition
most common panniculitis: acute presentation, infections, tender poorly defined plaques. generous biopsy is required. septal fibrosis
Term
Erythema induratum
Definition
uncommon panniculitis: adolescents and menopausal women, vasculitis affecting deep vessels supplying lobules. Targets fat lobules, caseous necrosis
Term
Weber-Christian
Definition
relapsing febrile nodular panniculitis : crops of erythematous plaques or nodules, deep-seated foci of inflammation
Term
Factitial panniculitis
Definition
self-inflicted trauma in injection of foreign or toxic substances
Term
Verruca vulgaris
Definition
most common wart, dorsal surfaces of the hands. papillomaviruses
Term
Verruca plana or flat wart
Definition
face or dorsum of hands, HPV 6&11
Term
Verruca plantaris/palmaris
Definition
soles and palms, HPV 6&11
Term
Molluscum contagiosum
Definition
brick shaped, has a dumbbell shaped dna core, curd-like material can be expressed, molluscum bodies with giemsa stain. cuplike verrucous epidermal hyperplasia, pale blue hue
Term
Impetigo
Definition
common superficial bacterial infection of skin. honey-colored crust, accumulation of neutrophils beneath the stratum corneum.
Term
Tinea cruris
Definition
inguinal areas
Term
Tinea barbae
Definition
beard area
Term
Tinea capitis
Definition
children, hairless patches of skin
Term
Tinea corporis
Definition
infection of the body surface
Term
Tinea pedis
Definition
athlete's foot
Term
onychomycosis
Definition
infectipn of the nails
Term
Tinea versicolor
Definition
upper trunk. distinctive. Malassezia furfur
Supporting users have an ad free experience!