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pathology 1
pathology, cell injury, inflammation and repair
30
Pathology
Undergraduate 3
08/29/2011

Additional Pathology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term





Pathology

Definition






The study of dieseae

Term



Etiology

Definition






Cause ( enviromental, injury habit?)

Term

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Pathogenesis

Definition


Mechanisms of its development

( how did it develop?) Acute / Chronic

Term



Morphology

Definition

Structural alterations induced in cells and tissue


( on surface or deep?)

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Fuctional Consequences

Definition

 

 

Morphologic changes as observed clinically

 

( is there a function change?)

Term

 

 

 

4 Aspects of Pathology

Definition

 

 

 

  1. etiology
  2. morphology
  3. Pathogenesis
  4. funtional consequences
Term



Reversible cell Injury

Definition

 

 

 

Can go back to normal

Term

 

 

 

Irreversible Cell Injury

and cell death ( necrosis)

Definition
Can not go back to normal ( damaged)
Term

 

 

 

Cellular Adaptation

 

Definition
a change that results in tissue change
Term

 

 

 

 

Atrophy

Definition

 

 

Wasting away or diminution

 

Ex. Muscle atrophy is wasting away of the muscle

( a decrease in mucle mass )

Term

 

 

 

 

Hypertrophy

Definition

the enlargment or overgrowth of an organ or part due to an increase in size of its constiuient cells, rather than the number of cells.

 

( the number of cells stay the same )

Term

 

 

 

Hyperplasia

Definition

 

A condition in which there is a increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ.

 

( increase in number of cells )

Term

 

 

 

 

Metaplasia

Definition

A reversible change from one cell type to another

 

 

Ex. Squammous --->  Columnar

Term






Dysplasia

Definition

 

 

 

Premalignant change characterized by alteration in size, shape, and organization of the cellular components of tissue.

 

( change, but cannot reverse)

Term

 

 

 

 

Neoplasia

Definition

 

 

 

Abnormal new growth of cells

 

( reversible ??)

Term

 

 

 

Cells react to adverse influences by:

Definition

 

  1. Adapting
  2. Sustaining
  3. Suffering irriversible injury and dying

( cells either Heal, adapt, or dye)

Term





Name two patterns of cell death :

Definition
  1. Necrosis - Swelling, breakdown, rupture, inflammation (more common); (unplanned)
  2. Apoptosis - Chromation condensation or fragmentation in single or small clusters - lack of inflammation; programmed cell distruction in embryogenesis ( planned )
Term

 

 

 

  1. Types of Necrosis:
Definition

 

  1. Coagulation Necrosis - Most common type ( ishemia or hyoxia).
  2. Liquefaction Necrosis - soft fluid filled (localized infection - oral abcess or like a pimple )
  3. Caseous Necrosis - tuberculosis ( cheesy walled off "encased")
  4. Fat Necrosis - Lipases
Term




Seven Causes of Cellular Injury :

Definition
  1. Hypoxia
  2. Physical Agents
  3. Chemical Agents
  4. Infectious Agents
  5. Immunological Reactions
  6. Genetic Derangements
  7. Nutritional Imbalances 

( His Pesky Cat In Indiana Got Nutered )

Term





Cardinal Signs

Definition
  1. Heat ( Calor )
  2. Redness ( Rubor )
  3. Edema ( tumor )
  4. Pain (palor)
  5. Loss of Function (functio laseo)
Term

 

 

 

 

Exudation

Definition

 

 

 

 

the escape of fluid, proteins, and blood cells from the vascular system into the interstitial tissue or body cavities.

Term

 

 

 

 

Exudate

Definition

 

 

An inflammatory extravascular fluid that has a high protein concentration, much cellular debris, and a specific gravity above 1.020

Term

 

 

 

 

Transudate

Definition

 

 

 

A fluid with low protein content and a specific gravity less than 1.012. 

 

It is essentially an ultrafiltrate of blood plasma and results from hydrostatic imbalance across the vascular epithilium.  ( thinner than exudate )

Term

 

 

 

 

Edema

Definition

 

 

Denotes an excess of fluid in the interstitial tissue or serous cavities. 

 

( it can be either an exudate or a tranudate)

 

 

 

Term

 

 

 

 

Pus

Definition

 

 

 

A purulent ( contains many neutrophils ) inflammatory exudate rich in leukocytes and perenchymal cell debris

 

 

(shows infection is present )

Term

 

 

 

 

Name the five Leukocytes

Definition
  1. Basophils
  2. eosinophils
  3. monocytes
  4. lymphocytes
  5. neutrophils
Term

 

 

 

Three responses to Acute Inflammation:

Definition
  1. Vascular Resoponse
  2. Cellular Response
  3. Chemical Response

 

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Phagocytosis

 

Definition
Cells attach, engulf fusion, kill, and degrade
Term

 

 

 

Starlings Law

Definition

normal fluid balance is modulated by two opposing forces:

 

Hydrostatic Pressure - causing fluid to move out of circulation and plasma

 

Colloid Osmotic Pressure - causing fluid to move into cappilaries

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