Staphlococcus aures

A.Morphology

B.Cultural characteristics

A."grape"like gram positive spheres

B.grow on simple media,yellow pigment,

can tolerate high salt,and catalase positive

Protein A which binds to wrong end of ab,

and staph has a capsule

A.coagulase

B.Hyaluronidase

C.Staphylokinase

D.Lipase

E.Beta-lactamase

A.exfoliatoxins(skin slough)

B.Hemolysisn(rbc lysis)

C.pyrogenic toxin (fever)

D.Tokic shock syndrome

E.Enterotoxins(vegas nerve)

A.pimples,boils,carbuncles,urinary tract,impentigo,and scaled skin

B.Systemic

C.Bacteremia(in blood)

D.Endocarditis(Heart lining, valves)

E.Pneumonia

F.Osteomyelitis

Streptococcus pyogenes

A.morphology

B.cultural characteristics

A.spherical,found as diplococci,gram positive,

and catalase negative

B.Require complex media

Streptococcus pyrogenes virulance

A.protein

B.capsule

A.protein M (stops compliment fixation

B.Made of hyaluronic acid(same as ours)

Streptococcus pyogenes virulence

A.Toxins

B.Enzymes

A.pyrogenic toxin(scarlet fever),

Streptolysin(lysis of rbc,wbc,platelets)

B.Streptokinase(breaks clot)

A.Pharyngitis(strep throat)

B.Scarlet Fever

C.Pyoderma(puss filled lesions)

D.Erysipeals(in lymph nodes)

E.Necrotizing Fasciits(flesh eating bacteria)

F.Rheumatic fever(autoimmune,attacks heart valves)

G.Glomerulonephritis(type III hyper,kidney damage

e

Streptococcus pneumoniae virulance

A.capsule

B.toxins

A.capsular polysacchsride(antphagocytic)

B.Pneumolysin

A.leading cause of bacterial pnuemonia

B.Sinusitis(sinus infection with puss)

C.Otitis media(middle ear with puss)

D.Bacteremia(in blood)

E.Endocarditis(heart lining

F.Pnuemococcal meningitis(high rate of death)

Newborns can get pnuemonia,meningitis, blindness,deafness,mental retardation

mothers can get childbirth fever

A.Pulmonary anthrax

             (wool sorters disease,inflammation of

tissue seperating lungs)

B.Cutaneous Anthrax

(causes malignant pustule,can become systemic,death)

C.Enteric anthrax(rare)

A.Gas gangrene

B.food poisoning(diarrhea and abdominal pain)

A.motile

B.small

C.terminal endospores

D.obligate anaerobe

E.gram positive

A.Food borne ingest toxin, toxin blocks muscle  contraction causes flaccid paralysis,die

B.Infant, spores are ingested bacteria starts to

grow rare cause of sids

Lactobacillus

A.morphology

B.what is it used for

A.gram positive,rods,non spore former

B.used to make pickles,yogurt,saurekrout

Listeria monocytogenes morphology

Gram positive,nonspore forming,coccobascillus

found everywhere

affects pregnant women, newborns can cross placenta

Intracellular parasite,binds to mac or epithelial cell and induces phagocytosis, uses lysteriolysin O to break down the cell, pushes into next cell hiding from the immune system, goes to brain

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A.morphology

B.cultural characteristics

A.Acid fast,slender straight or curved rod,

thick waxy cell wall

B.Shortest generation time 300 minutes

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

pathology (primary)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

pathology A.(secondary)B.(dissemated)

A.Mycobacterium break out of tubercle, infection now reestablished,spreads to other parts of lungs

B.carried to other parts of the body

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A.treatment

B.Epidemiology

A.Must remain on meds for six months

B.Up to one third of population infected,risk factors overcrowding and smoking,can last up to 8 months on fomites,5 percent exposed to the disease catch it,50 percent die

A.Tuberculoid Leprosy(minor skin infection)

B.Lepromatous Leprosy(the bad one)

Corynebacterium diphtheriae disease

A.respitory B.cutaneous C.systemic

A.severe signs and symptoms,local pain,fever,oozing of fluid,formation of the psuedomembrane

B.Psuedomembrane on the skin

C.toxins can be released causing death to heart and nerve cells leads to coma and death

Neissera

A.morphology

B.cultural characteristics

A.gram negative,bean shaped cocci with fimbrae

B.Needs Thayer-Martin agar,best with 5%c02,

very susceptible to drying out

Neisseria gonorrhoeae disease

A.men

B.women

C.infant

A.painful urination,puss discharge

B.mostly asymptomatic,attach to vagina and cervix can get to fallopian tubes causing infertility,ectopic pregnancy

C.Happens coming down birth canal,called

opthalmia neonatorum causes blindness

Neissera gonorrhoeae

A.diagnosis

B.Treatment

C.immunity

A.gram negative diplococcal found in puss

B.very resiliant,cephalosporan

C.no vaccine,antigenic variability,can get repeatedly

Flu like symptoms,convulsions,arthritis,loss of hearing,and septicemia-petechiae(skin lesions)

spread by cramped living conditions

A.coliform(e.coli)

B.Klebsiella

C.proteus

D.Salmonella

E.shigella

F.Yersinia

A.Enterotoxigenic (diarrhea)

B.Enteropathogenic(comes together because of pili)

C.Enteroinvasive(invades intestinal cells like shigella)

D.Enterohemorrhagic(strain #0157:h7 causes

hemolytic uremic syndrome)

causes pnuemonia(destroys alveoli)

Alcoholics and aids

Bubonic plague(spread by flea bites,goes to lymph

nodes and causefever and pain untreated causes bacteremia,causes coagulation of blood and

leads to gas gangrene)

Pneumonic plague(Spread by droplets,infects the lungs)

goes to large intestine attaches to epithelial

cells and induces phag,reproduces in cells,

invades other cells,forms abcess,

does not invade blood

What bacteria causes fibrous diarrhea

with agonizing pain?

Treponema(syphilis)

Borrelia(lyme disease)

Treponema pallidum pallidum

phases

primary forms a chancre which is small painless

and red,lesions last 3-6 weeks then go away

Secondary rash all over body which does not

itch after several weeks it goes away

Latency no signs or symptoms

Tertiary stage get gummas all over tissues

found on nerve cells and in the brain

Lyme disease

spread by deer tick

Phase one bulls eye rash,stiff neck,and severs fatigue

Phase two Meningitis,cardiac problems

Phase three Severe arthritis that can last for years

1.Elementary body attaches to host cell,get phag,

now in inclusion body

2.Inside the cell becomes a reticulate body,

reproduce by binary fission

3.Back to elementary bodies,cause cell lysis,

release elementary bodies

Chlamydia trachomatis L-1,L-2,L-3

disease stages

1.starts as a painless lesion that heals quickly

2.Causes the inguinal lymph nodes

to swell forms a bubo

3.Lymph nodes burst,constriction of urethra,elephantiasis,arthritis in white males

Condoms dont help

Helicobacter pylori

A.morphology

B.pathogenicity

A.highly motile flagella, gram

negative,slightly helical

B.oral fecal route, from cats