Term
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Definition
| cancer of the adrenal glands |
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Term
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Definition
| epinephrine & norepinephrine: tumor markers of pheochromocytoma |
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Term
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Definition
| tumor marker of ovarian cancer |
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Term
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Definition
| tissue overgrowth that doesn't follow the laws governing tissues |
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Term
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Definition
| uncontrolled cell division resulting in invasion of healthy tissue |
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Term
|
Definition
non-invasive
grow slowly
well-defined capsule
non-differentiated
low mitotic index
do not metastasize
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Term
|
Definition
fast growing
invasive
poorly differentiated
high mitotic index
not encapsulated
can metastasize |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| tumor of ductal or glandular epithelial cells |
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Term
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Definition
| tumor of connective tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| tumor in lymphatic tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| cancer of blood-forming cells |
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Term
|
Definition
| in situ-has not invaded basement membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| confined to organ of origin |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
| spread to regional structures, like lymph nodes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
T- tumor size/local invasion
N-number of nodes
M-extent of distant metastasis
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Term
|
Definition
| related to extent of differentiation in cancer cells |
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Term
| problem with tumor markers |
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Definition
| non-malignant cells can also produce them |
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Term
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Definition
| tumor marker of prostate cancer |
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Term
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Definition
| tumor marker for liver cancer |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
increases chromosomal instability, which increases mutations
main cause of cancer |
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Term
| 6 hallmarks of genetic mutations needed for development of cancer |
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Definition
self-sufficiancy in growth signals (increase receptors)
insensitivity to anti-growth signals
evading apoptosis
limitless replicative potential (telomerase)
sustained angiogenesis
tissue invasion and metastasis |
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Term
|
Definition
| caps on the ends of chromosomes which fragment and break off with each replication, eventually preventing replication at all |
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Term
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Definition
| enzyme that rebuilds/protects telomeres and allows unlimited replication |
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Term
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Definition
cellular proliferation
angiogenesis
digestion of barriers and capsules by lytic enzymes
decreased cell-to-cell adhesion
increased motility of tumor cells |
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Term
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Definition
| to adjacent tissues/organs through blood/lymph |
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Term
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Definition
| site selectivity, tendancy of certain cancers to spread mainly to certain organs |
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Term
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Definition
| Increased incidence of gastric cancer |
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Term
|
Definition
Hep B & Hep C
drinking, aflaxtoxins, smoking |
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Term
| cervical/oral/anal cancer viral cause |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Epstein Barr virus
malaria |
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Term
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Definition
Herpesvirus
immunosuppresion |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| clinical manifestations of cancer |
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Definition
r/t location, growth, and invasion
may occur early or late
likely eventually have s/s
most develop generalized s/s from systemic changes |
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Term
| generalized s/s of cancer |
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Definition
pain
fatigue
blood cell deficiencies
cachexia |
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Term
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Definition
wasting away not solved by normal food intake
altered metabolism
anorexia, weakness, emaciation, anemia |
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Term
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Definition
stretching/pressure on tissues/nerves
release of pain-inducing chemicals
obstruction of GI or urinary systems
bone metastases
infectious complications
complications of treatment |
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Term
| purpose of cancer treatment |
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Definition
rid body of cancer cells
manage symptoms and complications |
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Term
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Definition
| first to receive cells from the affected area |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| best way to cure solid tumors |
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Term
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Definition
| kills rapidly dividing cells |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| packages proteins into membrane-bound vesicles to send them to their destination |
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Term
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Definition
| ribosome synthesis and assembly |
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Term
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Definition
contains cell's genetic material
site of transcription |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| rough endoplasmic reticulum |
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Definition
manufactures proteins and membranes
makes antibodies in white blood cells
makes insulin in the pancreas |
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Term
| smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
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Definition
carbohydrate, hormone, steroid, and lipid synthesis
transports RER products |
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Term
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Definition
| gives cell shape and stability |
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