Term
| Which particle can penetrate cell membranes most easily? |
|
Definition
| a. lipid soluble, transport protein present |
|
|
Term
| Which can transport substances uphill against the concentration gradient? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A major function of connective tissue is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which are the characteristics of epithelial tissue? |
|
Definition
| b. protection AND d. secretion |
|
|
Term
| Lining of the kidney tubules: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lining of the upper respiratory tract: |
|
Definition
| c. simple columnar, ciliated |
|
|
Term
| Signaling molecules cause all of the following except: |
|
Definition
| d. conversion of an intracellular signal into an extracellular response |
|
|
Term
| Ligands that bind with membrane receptors include: |
|
Definition
| a. hormones, b.antigens, c.neurotransmitters, d. drugs, e. infectious agents |
|
|
Term
| The products from the metabolism of glucose include which of the following? |
|
Definition
| a. kilocalories, b. CO2, c. H2O, d. ATP |
|
|
Term
Identify the correct sequence of events for initiation and conduction of a nerve impulse:
1. Sodium moves inside
2. Potassium leaves cell
3. Sodium permeability changes
4. Resting potential is reestablished
5. Potassium permeability changes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Increased cytoplasmic calcium: |
|
Definition
| c. decreases permeability at the junctional complex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| d. both a and c are correct |
|
|
Term
| Which genetic disease is caused by an abnormal karyotype: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is not characteristic of Down syndrome? |
|
Definition
| b. It is a genetic error of metabolism |
|
|
Term
| Cri-du-chat syndrome is an abnormality of the chromosomal structure involving: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An individual's karyotype lacks a homologous X chromosome and has only a single X chromosome present. Which statment is not true? |
|
Definition
| c. The karyotype is 46,XY |
|
|
Term
| If homologous chromosomes fail to seperate during meiosis, the disorder is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cystic fibrosis has been mapped to chromosome: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In autosomal dominant inherited disorders: |
|
Definition
| b. affected persons mating with normal persons have a 50% risk of having an affected child |
|
|
Term
| In X-linked recessive inherited disorders: |
|
Definition
| a. affected males have normal sons, c. sons of female carriers have a 50% chance of being affected, d. the affected female may transmit the gene to both sons and daughters |
|
|
Term
| Which is not an autosomal dominant disease? |
|
Definition
| c. Duchenne muscular dystrophy, e. pyloric stenosis |
|
|
Term
| When environmental influences cause varied phenotypic expressions of genotypes, the result is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which likely is not a multifactorial inherited disorder? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A cellular adaptation observable in uterine cervical epithelium is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the consequences when a cell is forced into anaerobic glycolosis? |
|
Definition
| c. increased lactic acid, d. inadequate ATP production |
|
|
Term
| What is the probably cause of cellular swelling in the early stages of cell injury? |
|
Definition
| d. Na-K pump fails to remove intracellular Na+ |
|
|
Term
| Dystrophic calcification: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| b. evident early in all types of cellular injury |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In aging, cross-linking implies that: |
|
Definition
| d. cell permeability decreases |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inflammatory microcirculation changes involve the following except: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A phagocyte's role begins with an inflammatory response. The sequence for the phagocystosis is: |
|
Definition
| d. margination, diapedesis, recognition, adherence, ingestion, fusion with lysosomes inside the phagocyte, destruction of the target |
|
|
Term
| Chemotactic factors for phagocytes include all of the following except: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is not a local manifestation of inflammation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a. a series of proteins in the blood |
|
|
Term
| Diapedesis is a process in which: |
|
Definition
| a. neutrophils migrate from the bloodstream to an injured tissue site. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| b. prevents viruses from infecting healthy host cells |
|
|
Term
| The complement system can be activated by: |
|
Definition
| e. a,b, and c are correct |
|
|
Term
| Which is not a systemic manifestation of inflammation: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The inflammatory response: |
|
Definition
| d. minimizes injury and promotes healing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a. nonfunctional collagenous and fibrotic tissue |
|
|
Term
| Repair involves processes that: |
|
Definition
| e. a, b and c are correct |
|
|
Term
| Swelling during acute inflammation is caused by: |
|
Definition
| b. fluid and cellular exudation |
|
|
Term
| What is not released from the mast cell during degranulation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chronic inflammation is characterized by: |
|
Definition
| d. lymphocytic and macrophagic infiltration |
|
|
Term
| Which is synthesized by mast cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Primary intention healing: |
|
Definition
| e. a,b, and c are correct |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| e. All of the above are correct |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| e. Both b and c are correct |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antibodies are produced by: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An immunoglobulin contains: |
|
Definition
| a. two heavy and two light polypeptide chains |
|
|
Term
| The antibody class having the highest concentration in the blood is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which antibody is matched with its appropriate role? |
|
Definition
| e. IgM/first to challenge the antigen |
|
|
Term
| The primary immune response involves: |
|
Definition
| d. a latent period followed by peak antibody production |
|
|
Term
| Which cells are phagocytic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When a child develops measles and acquires an immunity to subsequent infections, the immunity is: |
|
Definition
| acquired, active... d. both a and b are correct |
|
|
Term
| Which is not a characteristic of hypersensitivity? |
|
Definition
| d. prior contact unnecessary to elicit a response |
|
|
Term
| When the body produces antibodies against its own tissue, it is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which hypersensitivity is caused by poison ivy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is not an autoimmune disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Damage in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) results from formation of antigen/antibody complexes mediated by: |
|
Definition
| d. the humoral immune system and complement |
|
|
Term
| The classical complement cascade begins with: |
|
Definition
| a. antigen/antibody complexes binding to a component of the complement system. |
|
|
Term
| An alloimmune disorder is: |
|
Definition
| a. erythroblastosis fetalis |
|
|
Term
| An X-linked recessive disorder of immune deficiency involves a deficit of: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Deficiencies in B cell immune responses are suspected when the unusual or recurrent severe infections are caused by: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| DiGeorge syndrome is a primary immune deficiency caused by: |
|
Definition
| b. congenital lack of thymic tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A positive HIV antibody test signifies that the: |
|
Definition
| a. individual is infected with HIV and likely so for life |
|
|
Term
| Which is incorrect regarding AIDS? |
|
Definition
| d. The patient will have increased numbers of CD4 cells or helper T cells |
|
|
Term
| Which is not a malignant tumor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Endocrine hormone secretion is increased in: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| d. the ability to establish a secondary neoplasm at a new site |
|
|
Term
| Tumor surpressor genes are: |
|
Definition
| c. genes that produce proteins that inhibit cellular division |
|
|
Term
| Which is not involved in metastasis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Local invasive factors include all except: |
|
Definition
| a. increased cellular adhesion |
|
|
Term
| The sequence of carcinogenesis is: |
|
Definition
| c. viral infection, several mutagenic "hits' to DNA |
|
|
Term
| The anorexia or loss of appetite seen in the syndrome of cancer cachexia may occur because of: |
|
Definition
| a. altered blood serum levels of glucose and amino acids |
|
|
Term
| Immunotherapy for cancer: |
|
Definition
| d. is augmented by memory cells |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is a characteristic of a "cellular receptor"? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following statements regarding cellular energy is correct? |
|
Definition
| c. Oxidative phosporylation occurs in the mitochondria |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following terms best describes diffusion? |
|
Definition
| a. Movement of a solute molecule from high to low concentration. |
|
|
Term
| The time period of the cell cycle during which RNA and protein synthesis occur is referred to as the: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The process by which the nerve and muscle cells become for positive than negative is referred to as: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following terms describes the sequence for the beginning of a gene? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following terms describes a cell that does not contain a multiple of 23 chromosomes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is secreted into the cytoplasm and synthesized in the nucleolus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following terms best describes the DNA subunit of one deoxyribose molecule, one phosphate group, and one base? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the follwing is the best term for nuclear dissolution and lysis of chromatin by action of hydrolytic enzymes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following are biochemical messengers produced by macrophages and lymphocytes in response to a pathogen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following terms describes a biochemical substance that attracts luekocytes to the site of inflammation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following terms describes an acidic, sulfur-containing lipid that produces effects similar to histamine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is a correct description of IgE? |
|
Definition
| b. It is the primary cause of common allergies |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is the function of the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte? |
|
Definition
| d. Direct killing of foreign and abnormal cells |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is a description of the humoral arm of the immune system? |
|
Definition
| c. antibodies are primarily responsible for protection |
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|
