Term
Ø Normal blood flow through the heart |
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Definition
o Inferior/superior vena cava→ right atrium→ tricuspid valve→ R ventricle→ pulmonic valve→ pulmonary arteries→ lungs→ pulmonary veins→ L atrium→ mitral valve→ L ventricle→ aortic valve→ aorta |
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Term
| Heart Valves (4 and structure) |
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Definition
o Tricuspid (3 flaps)
o Pulmonic (semi-lunar)
o Mitral (2 flaps)
o Aortic (semi-lunar) |
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Term
| Major vessels that supply the heart |
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Definition
o Superior/inferior vena cava
o Pulmonary veins/arteries
o Aorta |
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Term
| Main coronary arteries and where they are: LM, RCA, Circ |
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Definition
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Term
Ø During which does blood fill the coronary arteries? |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
o influence HR, conduction, and force of contractions
§ Mediated by NE/Epi→ B₁ receptors→ opens channels allowing ↑Na+ and Ca++ influx |
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Term
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Definition
| stimulation means vasodilation |
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Term
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Definition
o stimulation via NE = vasoconstriction |
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Term
| Influx of which electrolytes allows cardiac myocytes to contract? |
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Definition
Intermittent/spontaneous generation of action potential→ caused by rapid INFLUX of Na+, Ca++ and EFFLUX of K+ |
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Term
Ø Where is the SA and AV node located? |
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Definition
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Term
Ø Under normal conditions, the heart rate is under PSNS or SNS control? |
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Definition
o Under resting conditions, HR is under PSNS control
§ When SNS is involved, ↑HR (ex: anxiety, fight or flight) |
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Term
Ø What is a normal cardiac output (CO)? |
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Definition
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|
Term
Ø What is a normal ejection fraction (EF)? |
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Definition
o SV/EDV. Normal is 60-80% (note that it’s not 100%) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Ø Normally, pressure is higher in which side of the heart? |
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Definition
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Term
Ø Controllable vs. uncontrollable risk factors: what’s the difference? |
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Definition
o Controllable: lifestyle habits
§ Chronic smoking/alcohol abuse
§ Poor diet
§ Medication adherence
o Uncontrollable:
§ Genetic hypertension or other risk factors |
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Term
| 3 systems that transport blood* |
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Definition
o Circulatory
o Lymphatic
o ? |
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Term
| Structure of artery (4 layers) |
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Definition
o layers from inner→outer
§ Tunica intima (endothelium)
§ Elastic membrane (thicker than veins)
§ Tunica media (smooth muscle layer, thicker than veins)
§ Tunica adventitia (connective tissue, thinner than Tunica media) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Mostly carry O2 rich blood |
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Term
| Vein structure (5 things) |
|
Definition
§ Tunica intima (endothelium)
§ VALVE
§ Elastic membrane (thinner than arteries)
§ Tunica media (smooth muscle layer, thinner than arteries)
§ Tunica adventitia (connective tissue, thickest layer) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
§ Mostly carry O₂ poor blood
§ Act as a blood reservoir
· At rest 60% of the blood supply can be in the veins |
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Term
|
Definition
o Normal flow of lymph is blocked or altered |
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|
Term
Ø Clinical presentation of lymphedema |
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Definition
o Lymph collects in the interstitium: inflammation, hypertrophy of subQ adipose tissue, fibrotic changes over time, congestion with thick, brown skin color |
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Term
Ø Blood Pressure: What is Autoregulation? |
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Definition
o Continuous adjustment of vessel diameter |
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Term
Ø BP = ___________x_____________ |
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Definition
o CO x PVR (peripheral vascular resistance) |
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|
Term
| What are the 4 mechanisms that can alter BP? |
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Definition
- ANS input
- Baroreceptors
- Chemoreceptors
- RAA and renal function |
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