Term
| Most abundant plasma protein |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Plasma protein which helps maintai the plasma osmotic pressure nad blood volume |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bind insoluble hormones and other plasma constituents and make them soluble |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fibronogen is an important element in: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets formed in a fetus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets formed after birth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The source of all blood cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hematopoietic growth factors specific to the line of cells they stimulate are called... |
|
Definition
| colony-stimulating factors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hormone produced by the kidney in response to low O2 concentration in the blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Elevated levels of circulatin reticulocytes are suggestive of... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
percentage of blood taken up by RBCs
usually 36% - 52% |
|
|
Term
| Hemoglobin content of one RBC (% and ~count) |
|
Definition
| 90% of dry cell weight / ~300 hemeglobin molecules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hemoglobin carrying oxygen |
|
|
Term
| Feedback Control of Erythropoiesis |
|
Definition
- Imbalance
- Stimulus
- Reduces O2 levels in blood
- Kidney releases erythropoietin
- Erythropoietin stimulates red bone marrow
- Enhanced erythropoiesis increases RBC count
- Increases O2-carrying ability of blood
- Normal O2 levels
|
|
|
Term
| What are 3 stimulae of the feedback control of erythropoiesis? |
|
Definition
- Hypoxia due to decreased RBC count
- Decreased availability of O2 to blood
- Increased tissue demands for O2
|
|
|
Term
| Do RBCs have oxidative capacity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cells myeloid produces (lineage) |
|
Definition
- RBCs
- thrombocytes (platelets)
- neutrophil
- eosinophil
- basophil (mast cell)
- monocytes (macrophage)
|
|
|
Term
| Cells lymphoid produce (lineage) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Glycoprotein produced by the parietal cells of the stomach |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Intrinsic factor is necessary for absorption of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does intrinsic factor work? |
|
Definition
| It binds to B12 to protect it from gastric enzyimes |
|
|
Term
| What decreases intrinsic factor? |
|
Definition
| Autoimmune attack of the parietal cells by Abs, leading to atrophic gastritis |
|
|
Term
| Why can't Fe circulate freely, unbound? |
|
Definition
| Free iron recycled from RBCs causes the generation of O2 free radicals, which damage cells. |
|
|
Term
| How is Fe transported in the blood? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is Fe bound with in the liver? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Average lifespan of a RBC |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Average lifespan of a platelet |
|
Definition
10 days
Then destroyed by macrophages (platelets have no HLA/MHC markers) |
|
|
Term
| Major reserve for RBCs and platelets |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Vasoconstriction
- Platelet Plug Formation
- Activation of Clotting Cascade
- Formation of a Blood Clot
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Hemostasis (1)
initial response results from local myogenic spasm and may last minutes to hours |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Hemostasis (2)
Usually lasts 3-7 minutes. Platelets adhere to endothelial collagen exposed by injury but aggregate at the side of vessel injury also. |
|
|
Term
| Activatio of the clotting cascade |
|
Definition
Hemostasis (3)
Formation of fibrin clot (coagulation). Clotting factors are activated via teh intrinsic or extrinsic pathway. Precipitate in a series of events that catalyze or facilitate the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. Process takes 3-10 minutes. |
|
|
Term
| Formation of a blood clot |
|
Definition
Hemostasis (4)
Occurs when the components of the fibrin clot (platelet plug, fibrin strands and trapped red blood cells) are compressed to form a firm clot.
Usually takes about one hour |
|
|
Term
| Where do the intrinsic and extrinsic clotting pathways converge? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What four important blood clotting factors are produced by the liver? |
|
Definition
Vitamin K dependant clotting factors:
|
|
|
Term
| How do you assess the intrinsic clotting pathway? |
|
Definition
| PTT (partial thromboplastin time) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Partial Thromboplasm Time |
|
|
Term
| Which factors does the intrinsic pathway involve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is the intrinsic pathway fast or slow? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do you assess the extrinsic pathway? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is damange caused in the extrinsic pathway? |
|
Definition
| Sources external to the blood |
|
|
Term
| Is the extrinisic pathway fast or slow? |
|
Definition
| Fast (clots form in 15 seconds) |
|
|
Term
| Activation of the intrinsic pathway is caused by? |
|
Definition
| Contact with damaged blood vessel surface |
|
|
Term
| Activation of the extrinsic pathway is caused by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the end result of the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Once a clot is no longer needed, it is broken down through what process? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the end product of fibrinolysis? |
|
Definition
- Fibrin Degradation Products (FDPs)
- Fibrinogen
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| By liver macrophages (Kupfer cells) and spleen macrophages |
|
|
Term
| A balance between ______ and _____ creates normal hemostasis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| After RBCs die, what happens to heme? |
|
Definition
| Heme is converted to bilirubin, then it is taken to the liver for conjugation. It is then disposed of primarily in the feces and secondarily in the urine. |
|
|
Term
| Where does conjugation take place? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is bilirubin excreted? |
|
Definition
- Feces (primary)
- Urine (secondary)
|
|
|
Term
| After RBCs die, what happens to Fe? |
|
Definition
| It is released for recycling |
|
|
Term
| The spleen is the site of RBC _______ in the fetus. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The spleen is the site of RBC ______ in the adult. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| White and red pulp sinuses of the _____ act as a strainer to selectively lyse out old RBCs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The spleen can hold about _____ of blood for time of need |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Asplenic individuals are at greater risk for what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Does the spleen contain WBCs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are all blood clotting factors produced? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does the liver store iron for hemoglobin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
large quantities of whole blood can be stored in the liver and squeezed out similar to that of the spleen.
(other side blank) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
liver converts (conjugates) bilirubin (making it more water soluble) and places it in the GI tract for elimination.
(other side blank) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vitamin-K dependant blood clotting factors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Blood can be stored in what organs for use in times of need? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Conjugation is dependant upon the _____ of the liver. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does the liver store Fe? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At PaO2 of 80-100 mmHg, what is true about Hgb saturation? |
|
Definition
| It is nearly 100% and ensures proper delivery of O2 to the tissues |
|
|
Term
| At PaO2 of 40 mmHg, what is probably true about Hgb saturation? |
|
Definition
| It is beginning to fall reflecting venous blood. A small change in PaO2 at this point reflects a large change in saturation |
|
|
Term
| What happens when PaO2 drops belos 60 mmHg? |
|
Definition
| Affinity of Hgb for O2 drops and there is a shift to the right. |
|
|
Term
| Increased affinity of Hgb for O2? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Decreased affinity of Hgb for O2? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
When is lessO2 delivered to gissues, right or left shift?
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- increased affinity of Hgb for O2
- Increased pH (decreased H+ alkalosis)
- Increased PaO2
- Decreased temperture
- Decreased PaCO2
- Decreased 2,3-DPG
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Decreased affinity of Hgb for O2
- Decreased pH (incr H+, acidosis)
- Decreased PaO2
- Increased temp
- Increased PaCO2
- Increased 2,3-DPG
|
|
|
Term
| What causes a right shift? |
|
Definition
- infection
- hypoxia
- inflammation
- anemia
|
|
|
Term
| What causes a left shift? |
|
Definition
| In the pulmonary capillaries where CO2 is being blown off (so Hgb holds tightly to O2 in the lungs so that it can be delivered to tissues elsewhere) |
|
|
Term
| Intracellular protein that stores Fe for later use |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Iron-binding blood plasma glycoproteins that control the level of free iron |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Glycoprotein produced by parietal cells of stomach that allow for B12 absorption |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Desire to bind/tightness of a bond |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Partial pressure of O2 in the blood |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hgb that is reversibly bound with O2 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Product of RBC metabolism. More means less affinity for O2 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When the liver converts bilirubin into a water-soluble form that is delivered to the GI tract for elimination |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is most CO2 transported? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| deficient blood oxygen (decreased PaO2, decreased Hgb saturation) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| decrease in tissue oxygenation |
|
|
Term
| Reduction in the total number of circulating RBCs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Decrease in the quantity and/or quality of the Hgb contained the the RBCs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 4 heme with 1 Fe per heme |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| From which cell line are anemias linked? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
· Impaired RBC production
· Blood loss
· Increased RBC destruction
|
|
|
Term
| Dilutional anemia (such as pregnancy) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anemia caused by actual decrease in RBCs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which systems act in anemia compensation? |
|
Definition
- CV
- Pulmonary
- Hematological
|
|
|
Term
| What is the goal of anemia compensation? |
|
Definition
| Increase oxygen carrying capacity of blood |
|
|
Term
| Method to deal with blood loss in anemia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In fluid shift, it goes from _____ to _____ to increase fluid volume |
|
Definition
- Intracellular Fluid (ICF)
- Extracellular Fluid (ECF)
|
|
|
Term
| How does the cardiac participate in anemia compensation? |
|
Definition
| Increases preload to the heart. Starling's law kicks in to cause heart to beat faster and stronger (inotropy) to meet O2 demands of the body and to clear any pulmonary congestion. |
|
|
Term
| What can cardiac compensation cause? |
|
Definition
- CHF
- Ventricular Dysfunction
- Cardiac Chamber Dilation
- Valve Insufficiency
|
|
|
Term
| How does pulmonary compensate in anemia |
|
Definition
| Works harder and faster to oxygenate tissue. Patient may be short of breath or have dyspnea upon exertion. |
|
|
Term
| How does peripheral vasculature compensate in anemia? |
|
Definition
| Vasoconstrict to shunt blood to essential organs (heart, kidneys, brain, etc) |
|
|
Term
| How do the kidneys compensate in anemia? |
|
Definition
| RAA kicks in to help retain Na and water, to increase the volume |
|
|
Term
| What can be a result of kidney compensation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What goes wrong in iron deficiency anemia? |
|
Definition
| Without adequate Fe, new RBCs and Hgb are affected. RBCs become microcytic and hypochromic (small and without much Hgb) |
|
|
Term
| What do cells look like in iron deficiency anemia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is Hgb affected in iron deficiency anemia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In iron deficiency anemia, what would the CBC show? |
|
Definition
- Hemoglobin (Hb)—may be normal early in the disease but will decrease as anemia worsens
- Red blood cell indices—early on, the RBCs may be a normal size and color (normocytic, normochromic) but as the anemia progresses, the RBCs become smaller (microcytic) and paler (hypochromic) than normal.
- Average size of RBCs (MCV)—may be decreased
- Average amount of Hb in RBCs (MCH)—may be decreased
- Increased variation in the size of RBCs (red cell distribution width (RDW))
|
|
|
Term
| Anemia of chronic inflammatory and infectious diseases |
|
Definition
| Anemia of Chronic Disease |
|
|
Term
| In iron deficiency anemia, what would the retic count show? |
|
Definition
| (Normal or) high, shows many immature RBCs |
|
|
Term
| Early S/S of iron deficiency anemia |
|
Definition
- Hct greater than 30 shows few s/s
- As Hct declines, dyspnea, fatigue, HA, poor concentration, palpitations, anorexia, pallor
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Late S/S of iron deficiency anemia |
|
Definition
- Atrophic glossitis
- Chelitis (inflamed lips)
- Spooning of nails
- Occult blood in stool
- Picas
|
|
|
Term
| Tests for iron deficiency anemia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Important component of patient counseling in iron deficiency anemia |
|
Definition
| Foods rich in Fe (red meat, egg yolks, dark leafy greens, dried fruit) |
|
|
Term
| Macrocytic anemia due to B12 deficiency |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What goes wrong in pernicious anemia? |
|
Definition
| Vitamin B12 and folate are important for DNA development Without adequate intake, DNA synthesis is impaired and mitosis is dysregulated. As a result, immature cells that only grow in size are released |
|
|
Term
| Abnormally large bone marrow cell |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In pernicious anemia, what do the cells look like? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 2 causes of pernicious anemia |
|
Definition
- decreased intake of B12
- Decreased absorption of B12
|
|
|
Term
| In pernicious anemia, what would the CBC show? |
|
Definition
| Macrocytosis with hypersegmented granulocytes |
|
|
Term
| In pernicious anemia, what would serum B12 blood levels show? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Can the body manufacture B12? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Neurologic changes of vitamin B12 deficiency, such as altered personality, dementia, spastic weakness, ataxia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between pernicious anemia and folate deficiency? |
|
Definition
| Neurologic impairment only occurs in pernicious anemia |
|
|
Term
| What increased demand state can cause folate deficiency? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which meds can interfere with folate deficiency? |
|
Definition
- Folate antagonist (such as methotrexate)
- Oral contraceptives
- Phenytoin (an anticonvulsant)
|
|
|
Term
| Hereditary, autosomal dominant disorder |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What goes wrong in thalassemia? |
|
Definition
Genetic problem results in problem with actual Hgb formation
Hemoglobin is unstable and hemolyzes more easily.
Usually mild anemia, but can be severe |
|
|
Term
| In thalassemia, what do cells look like? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In thalassemia, why might a splenectomy be helpful? |
|
Definition
| An enlarged spleen could make anemia worse (recommended when transfusion requirements reach 1.5x normal) |
|
|
Term
| Thalassemia should be suspected in patients with microlytic cells but normal ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why genetic counseling for thalassemia? |
|
Definition
- Dominant Trait
- Can lead to frequent transfusions, skeletal deformities, iron loading, and crippling bone disease
|
|
|
Term
| Anemia of chronic disease might be caused by _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Peptide hormone produced by the liver |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Maintains iron homeostasis |
|
|
Term
| How might hepcidin affect anemia of chronic disease? |
|
Definition
| Sequesters iron in the cells |
|
|
Term
| In anemia of chronic disease, cells are _____ and _____ in later stages (normal in early stages) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In anemia of chronic disease, how do cells look on a smear? |
|
Definition
| Show rouleaux formation (stacking of cells) |
|
|
Term
| Myeoloproliferative disorder (abnormally high number of RBCs/cc of blood, plus increased WBCs and platelets) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What goes wrong in polycythemia vera? |
|
Definition
| Too many RBCs due to genetic malfunction of bone marrow. This causes increased blood viscosity, sludgy blood flow, and engorged blood vessels. Reduced tissue perfusion, blood hypercoagulable. |
|
|
Term
| Primary disorder of polycythemia vera is from what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Secondary disorder of polycythemia vera is from what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why do heavy smokers develop polycythemia vera? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| General s/s of polycythemia vera |
|
Definition
- HIGH Hct
- Higher Hgb
- Distension of superficial veins
- Fatigue
- Swollen and painful joints
- Engorged spleen
- Dehydration
- CHF, CVA, and MI are possible
|
|
|
Term
| Patients with polycythemia vera have a high risk of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Deficencies in one or more component that regulates hemostasis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura |
|
|
Term
| Autoimmune destruction of platelets |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Bruises
- Petechial rashes
- Bleeding gums
- IC Bleed
- Splenic squestration
|
|
|
Term
| Rare disorder caused by platelets clumping together inappropriately |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In ITP, a normal number of platelets are made, but what happens? |
|
Definition
| IgG is made that is directed at them. Spleen attacks and lyses them. |
|
|
Term
| In ITP how much of the cells does the spleen hold? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In TTP, what does the clumping do? |
|
Definition
| Keeps platelets out of circulation, where they can't respond if injury occurs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Thrombocytopenia
- Anemia
- Purpura
- Renal Failure
|
|
|
Term
| Decrease of platelets in blood |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Red/purple discolorations of the skin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Condition where clotting and bleeding happen simultaneously |
|
Definition
| Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Inappropriate activation of the clotting cascade
- Deposition of fibrin clots in the microcirculation which activates the fibrinolytic system
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Acute, sudden onset of bleeding/hemorrhage
- Multi-Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
|
|
|
Term
| What do increased PT/PTT levels tell us in DIC |
|
Definition
| That the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways aren't working properly and clotting is taking longer |
|
|
Term
| That the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways aren't working properly and clotting is taking longer |
|
Definition
| Fibrin degradation products are around, which means the fibrinolytic system has been activated |
|
|
Term
| What tests show increases in DIC? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hemophilia A is missing clotting factor _____ and hemophilia B is missing clotting factor _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hemophilia A accounts for what percent of the cases |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hemophilia is what kind of disorder? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who shows the trait for hemophilia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why do hemophilia patients bleed? |
|
Definition
| They can form platelet plugs, but not fibrin clots for long-term management |
|
|
Term
| Does hemophilia affect the intrinsic or extrinsic pathway? |
|
Definition
Intrinsic pathway (slow)
Clotting is inhibited, causing excessive bleeding. |
|
|
Term
| Leukemia affects the _____ and lymphoma affects the _____ |
|
Definition
- blood and bone marrow
- Lymphoid tissue
|
|
|
Term
| Malignancy of the lymphoid TISSUE |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Malignancy of the lymphoid CELLS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the origination of Hodgkin's disease? |
|
Definition
| B-cell origin with suspected Epstein-Barr virus involvement |
|
|
Term
| How does Hodgkin's disease behave? |
|
Definition
| Behaves in characteristic way with contiguous spread from lymph node to lymph node |
|
|
Term
| Who tends to develop Hodgkin's disease? |
|
Definition
- Bimodal distribution with people 15-35 and greater than 50.
- More prevalent in males, especially young ones
- Risk in identical twins is 100x greater
|
|
|
Term
| How is Hodgkin's disease diagnosis confirmed? |
|
Definition
| Reed-Sternberg Cells (look like owls) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Painless lymphodenopathy
- Night sweats
- Fever
- Weight loss
- Rash
|
|
|
Term
| What is prognosis of Hodgkin's disease? |
|
Definition
| 85% curable with treatment |
|
|
Term
| S/S of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma |
|
Definition
Same as Hodgkin's disease
- Painless lymphodenopathy
- Night sweats
- Fever
- Weight loss
- Rash
|
|
|
Term
| What is the main diagnostic difference between Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma? |
|
Definition
| No Reed-Sternberg cells in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma |
|
|
Term
| How does non-Hodgkin's lymphoma tend to spread? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the two types of acute leukemia |
|
Definition
- Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
- Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Anemia symptoms
- Thrombocytopenia symptoms
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Leukopenia
- Infection
- Fever
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| B cells (80%) or other lymph cells |
|
|
Term
| What goes wrong with acute leukemia? |
|
Definition
| Affected cell line becomes depressed. Lymphoblasts or myeoblasts accumulate and crowd out normal cell production. |
|
|
Term
| With acute leukemia, which patients have the greatest chance for remission? |
|
Definition
- 40% in ALL
- 65-75% in AML
- Remission decreases with age
|
|
|
Term
| Chronic lymphoid malignancy of B cells |
|
Definition
| Chroonic Lymphocytic Leukemia |
|
|
Term
| Malignancy of B cells and plasma cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What goes wrong with multiple myeloma? |
|
Definition
| Cells invade bone and form many tumor sites (lymph nodes, kidneys, spleen, liver). Plasma cells collect in bone and enhance osteoclast activity/bone lesions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- BONE PAIN
- fractures
- Hypercalcemia
- Ab fragments in urine produce Bence-Jones proteins which cause renal damage
|
|
|
Term
| How is diagnosis of multiple myeloma confirmed? |
|
Definition
- Honeycomb bone appearance
- Bone lesions
- Neoplastic plasma cells in blood smear
- Bence-Jones proteins
|
|
|
Term
| Proteins produced by Ab fragments in urine and cause renal damage |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Pallor is an indicatin of: |
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Definition
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Term
| Low blood pressure that occurs after positional change from supine to standing |
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Definition
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Term
| In orthostatic hypotension, the heart rate increases by moer than _____, or decrease in systolic by more than _____ or diastolic by more than _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Appetite for nonnutritive substances |
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Definition
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Term
| Red, swollen, shiny tongue |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Large, abnormal hematopoietic bone marrow cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Peptide hormone produced by the liver that maintains iron hemeostasis |
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Term
| Deficiency of platelets in the peripheral blood |
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Definition
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Term
| Malignant cell type found in affected lymph nodes of people with Hodgkin's disease |
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Definition
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Term
| Difficiency of WBCs in the peripheral circulation, which is usually indicative of bone marrow failure |
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Definition
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Term
| Measure of the total amount of Hgb in the peripheral blood |
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Definition
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Term
| % of total blood volume that is made up of RBCs |
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Definition
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Term
| Number of circulating RBCs per 1 mm3 of blood |
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Definition
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Term
| Series of tests of the peripheral blood that measures the percentage of each component |
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Definition
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Term
| Provides info about size (MCV, RDW), Hgb content (MCH), Hgb concentration (MCHC) of RBCs |
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Definition
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Term
Total number of WBCs in 1 mm3 of peripheral blood and % of each |
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Definition
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Term
| The number of platelets in 1mm3 of blood |
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Definition
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Term
| Nonspecific test used to detect acute and chronic inflammation by reflecing the rade at which RBCs fall |
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Definition
| ESR (Erythro Sedimentation Rate) |
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Term
| Use to evaluate extrinisic system and common pathway in the clotting system |
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Definition
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Term
| Used to check how well meds are working to prevent blood clots and to detect and diagnose a bleeding disorder. It measures how quickly blood clots form. |
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Definition
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Term
| Used to assess intrinsic system |
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Definition
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Term
| Used to investigate possible bleeding disorder or thrombotic episode |
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Definition
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Term
| Documents firbrin clot formation |
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Definition
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Term
| FDP is used to diagnose _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens to the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve in anemia? |
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Definition
Shifts to the right to increase O2 delivery to tissues
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Term
| Hemoglobinopathy which causes a structural variation in the Hgb's AA chain, which makes RBCs sticky |
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Definition
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Term
| What goes wrong with SSA? |
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Definition
- Precipitating event causes the RBCs to become misshapen and look sickled
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Term
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Definition
| If stimulus is removed, cells return to normal shape, but it can be chronic |
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Term
How long is the lifespan of a RBC with SSA?
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Definition
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Term
| Precipitating events to SSA |
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Definition
- Low PaO2
- Cold
- Vascular Stasis
- Acidosis
- Strenuous Exercise
- Dehydration
- Infection
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Term
| Microinfarcts produce what? |
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Definition
Ischemia and possible necrosis
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Term
Microinfarcts are related to what anemia?
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the viscious cycle in SSA |
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Definition
- Hypoxia
- Capillary Obstruction
- More Hypoxia
- More Sickling
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Term
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Definition
- Low Hct
- Ischemia/Tissue Hypoxia
- Pain
- Hardended Spleen
- Splenomegaly
- Pulmonary Infarcts
- Chest Pain
- Renal Ischemia with decreased GFR
- Cadiac Ischemia
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Term
What test can be used with SSA
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Definition
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Term
| If blood transfusion is a treatment for SSA, they are at risk for which reaction? |
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Definition
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Term
What would the following test results indicate?
Hct: low
Hgb: low
MCV: normal
MCH: low
MCHC: low
Retic: normal
RBC: low
WBC: low
Platelet: low
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Definition
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Term
What would the following test results indicate?
Hct: low
Hgb: low
MCV: high
MCH: high
MCHC: normal
Retic: low
RBC: low
WBC: low
Platelet: low
Macrocytic |
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Definition
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Term
What would the following test results indicate?
Hct: low
Hgb: low
MCV: high
MCH: high
MCHC: normal
Retic: low
RBC: low
WBC: low
Platelet: low
macrocytic |
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Definition
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Term
What would the following test results indicate?
Hct: low
Hgb: low
MCV: low
MCH: low
MCHC: low
Retic: normal or high
RBC: low
WBC: normal
Platelet: normal
microcytic & hopochromic |
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Definition
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Term
What would the following test results indicate?
Hct: low
Hgb: low
MCV: low
MCH: low
MCHC: low
Retic: high
RBC: low
WBC: normal
Platelet: normal
microcytic, hypochromic |
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Definition
|
|
Term
What would the following test results indicate?
Hct: low
Hgb: low
MCV: normal
MCH: normal
MCHC: normal
Retic: high
RBC: low
WBC: normal
Platelet: normal
normocytic, normochromic, sickle cells |
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Definition
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Term
What would the following test results indicate?
Hct: high
Hgb: high
MCV: normal
MCH: normal
MCHC: normal
Retic: normal
RBC: high
WBC: high
Platelet: high |
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Definition
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