Term
| what is the cytoskeleton function? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| facilitated diffusion of a nonlipid soluble through a membrane needs a? |
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Definition
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Term
| countertransport the 2nd active transport? |
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Definition
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Term
| increased level of messengers would indicate what receptors? |
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Definition
| down regulation.. so few receptors |
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Term
| what activates the 2nd messeneger? |
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Definition
| g protein linked receptor |
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Term
| ligand/protein open what channels? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is anaerobic metabloism? |
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Definition
small amt of ATP
pyrvic acid biproduct |
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Term
| what happens when threshold potential is met? |
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Definition
acttion pot. will happen not stopping at this point
K+ out of cell/Na in cell.. cell positive
depolarization responds by contractin |
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Term
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Definition
| checkpoint in cell division |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what is a characteristic of a malignant tumor? |
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Definition
| poorly differentated cell |
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Term
| characteristic of cancer cell |
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Definition
| undiffereinatated cell ( don't differientate) |
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Term
| toxicities attack the GI tract why? |
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Definition
| b/c rapid dividing cellls |
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Term
| how is anaphylactic different from any other type 1 hypersensitivity? |
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Definition
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Term
| mast cell regradation release histamines that cause? |
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Definition
vasoconstriction, bronchoconstrictions,
SOB, decrease BP |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what is a type II hypersensitivity? |
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Definition
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Term
| systemic lupus errythema (SLE) is a type III hypersens. what do you expect to find? |
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Definition
| deposit in tissue and damage tissue |
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Term
| what cells do HIV affect? |
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Definition
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Term
| when can HIV be spread? AT what time? |
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Definition
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Term
| when managing AIDs what do you want to look at at? |
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Definition
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Term
| neutrophils `are 1st responders they relsease proteases prolytic enzymes what do they do? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| APC (antigen presenting complex) holds out so other recognizes it or phagoctyes engulfs invader |
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Term
| what is the last step of the complement system? |
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Definition
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Term
| mast cell that start inflamm. process? |
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Definition
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Term
| uncapsulated part of the lymph system where cells go to mature? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what do the plasma B cells do? |
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Definition
| send antibody to attack the antigen |
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Term
| antibody hoooks up with the antigen where at? |
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Definition
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Term
| the primary immune response (cd4) happens when? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
take out introns
take out part of exons |
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Term
| with TRNA the amino acid matches with the anitcodon of? |
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Definition
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Term
| At the end of meoisis 1 copy of chromosomes witch ends why? |
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Definition
| so we have unique gametes |
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Term
| what is genetically composed material called? |
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Definition
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Term
| both parents have homozygotes alleles.. what is the chance the child will have the allele? |
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Definition
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Term
| what do stressed cells want to do? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are free radical cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| when you have a hypoxic cell injury whta happens? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the adnvantages of apotosisis over necrotic tissue? |
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Definition
natural process
no inflammatory process |
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Term
| when there is cell membrane damage what does this do to the cell? |
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Definition
| causes the cell to shrink |
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Term
| what is the general adaption system? |
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Definition
| action of hormones in stressful times |
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Term
| cortisol is the stress hormone what does it do? |
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Definition
| alters fat, glucose and protein metabolism |
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Term
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Definition
| vasoconstictor and decreased urine output |
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Term
| nor/epiniphrenine does what? |
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Definition
| increased BP, HR and decreased urine output |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| increased blood volume and BP and decreased urine output |
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Term
| whta happens during the vascukar stage of acute inflamation? |
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Definition
intial vasoconstriction follwed by vasodilation
capillaries more permable and inflamm. mediatiors released |
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Term
| what does and increased number of bands indicate? |
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Definition
| not enough WBCS manufactured |
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Term
| you have a pt with a fever what causes the tempertaure increase? |
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Definition
| pyrogens give false set point and go to hypothalamus |
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Term
| You are taking care if a ICU patient with a gunshot wound to the chest. He has a fever for longer then 24 hours, but then returns to normal what do you call this? |
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Definition
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Term
| If you have a patient with SIRS what can you expect to see? ( when inflam goes systemic) |
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Definition
| vasodilation, increased vascular permability, and maldisbrition of fluids |
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Term
| what is disturbtive shock? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is cold shock described as ? |
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Definition
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Term
| you have a pt with a abdomen wound.. what do you want to see? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the difference btw lyphoma and leuekemia? |
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Definition
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Term
| difference btw hogdkins and non hogdkins |
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Definition
| hodgkins invade with reed sternburg cells |
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Term
| mononuclueosis infects a person with EBV virus what does this effect? |
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Definition
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Term
| patient with AML is experiencing bruising easily and epistaxis what causes these s/s? |
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Definition
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Term
| a patient with multiple mylema is experiencing renal failure why? |
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Definition
| bence jones proetin are being excreted in urine..damage |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| when clot retracts what causes it to breakdown? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the diff. btw the platelet disorder ITP & TTP? |
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Definition
| ITP is the destruction of platelets |
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Term
| What is the treatment for a genetic bleeding disorder? |
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Definition
| replacement of factor via IV |
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Term
| where is the most of the fluid found? |
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Definition
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Term
| what would a hypotonic solution cause a cell to do? |
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Definition
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Term
| pressure that keeps the fluid inside of capillaries? |
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Definition
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Term
| hypothalamus maintains h2o balance what does it look at? |
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Definition
| blood volume and serum osmolarity |
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Term
| whta causes the lack of thirt? |
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Definition
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Term
| Your patient has an increased Na+ level, and is dehydrated what type of solution would you give? |
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Definition
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Term
| why does hyperkalemia cause heart dysrrthmias? |
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Definition
| it rasies the RMP to threshold allowing to fire more easily |
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Term
| what does parathyroid hormone cause? |
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Definition
| increased Ca+ = hypercalemia |
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Term
| what causes your muscle to spasm? |
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Definition
| hypocalcemia- it makes nerves fire more easily |
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Term
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Definition
| it causes dysrrthmias of the heart ( life threatening dysrrthmias) |
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Term
| If you dont have a normal ph it will affect? |
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Definition
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Term
| when can compensation occur? |
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Definition
when PH returns to normal
she gave examples... always pick the ph in normal range EX) pH=7.37 |
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Term
intrepret this blood gas?
ph: 7.34
CO2: 60
HCO3: 20
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Definition
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Term
intrepret blood gas?
ph: 7.52
CO2: 54
HCO3: 27 |
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Definition
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Term
| a patient is experiencing fear and anxiety what do you expect their blood gas to be? |
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Definition
resp. alkalosis ( increased pH, and HCo3, decreased CO2)
( prolly going to be hyperventilating) |
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Term
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Definition
| it perevents the alveloar collapse at exhalation |
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Term
| what is true about dead space? |
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Definition
| physiological dead space is abnormal and anatomic dead space is normal |
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Term
| if ventilation is greater than perfusion what can you expect to see? |
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Definition
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Term
| A pt with pulmonary edema how would there diffusion be affected? |
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Definition
| d/t edema it will be affected with available surface area and membrane thickness |
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Term
| oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve has an acidotic L shift what happens to the affinity? |
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Definition
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Term
| if the oxyhemoglobin has an R shift with decreased CO2, temperature and a elevated PH what does this do/ |
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Definition
| high affinity- Hgb binds easily to O2 |
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Term
| what does carbonic anahrydrase do? |
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Definition
| allows CO2 to remain the buffer |
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Term
| central chemoreceptors are stimulated by? |
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Definition
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Term
| A person is infected with TB the macrophage and cell mediated response causes what? |
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Definition
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Term
| diff. btw flu and pneumonia ? |
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Definition
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Term
| ARDS is characterized as? |
|
Definition
| hypoxia that does not respond to increased O2 levels |
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Term
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Definition
| pulmonary capillary injury |
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Term
| 2nd pulmonary edema is due to what? |
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Definition
| increased pulm. blood flow, hypoxemia, and pulm. vascular obstruction |
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Term
| main cause for axelactisis |
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Definition
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Term
| what is known as the permanent dilation of bronchi? |
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Definition
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Term
| pulm. embloism mainly comes from where? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| heart failure from resp. failure |
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Term
| what is a characteristic of emphysema? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| increased air space and destruction/loss of alveoli tissue |
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Term
| what is chronic bronchitis and what can you expect to see? |
|
Definition
| due to chronic infections and hypersecretions noted |
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Term
| what is pleural effusion? |
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Definition
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Term
| tension pneomothorax will cause the tacheal shift why? |
|
Definition
pressure change
positive pressure in pleural space causes this |
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Term
| what causes kidneys to secrete erythopeotein? |
|
Definition
| tissue hypoxia starts the process |
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Term
| diff. btw retic and mature RBCs? |
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Definition
| retic have endoplasmic reticulum and other organelles still but can't carry O2.. mature carry O2 |
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Term
| what causes buildup of uncongulated bilirubin? |
|
Definition
| increased production of RBCs |
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Term
| what is megablastic anemia? |
|
Definition
| defiency in vit. B12 and folic acid |
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Term
| what is sickle cell caused by? |
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Definition
| decreased O2 in hemoglobin- beta linked together and sickle |
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Term
| Vessels that takes blood from R venticle to lungs |
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Definition
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Term
| when sacromeree have good even contraction in syntinum what helps act. pot? |
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Definition
| incalated disc at gap junction |
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Term
| what electrolytes is responsible for heart muscle contraction? |
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Definition
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Term
| when do coronary arteries perfuse? |
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Definition
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Term
| Man comes into ER with blood loss (severe) what three meanings of life does this mess up? |
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Definition
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Term
| when looking at EGD what do you look at? |
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Definition
| look at speed and direction |
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Term
| what are foam cells considered? |
|
Definition
| machophage that engulf too much LDL |
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Term
| what makes plaque more vulnerable easy to rupture ? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are s/s occlusion to peripheral extremities/artery? |
|
Definition
| pain and pale extremities |
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Term
| anuerysm cause wall of artery to weaken and stretch this increases the risk for ? |
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Definition
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Term
| a person with DVT.. if it breaks off look for? |
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Definition
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Term
| the barorecptors in the carotid/aortic arch are stimualted by? |
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Definition
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Term
| what happens when barorecptors and and SNS are stimulated? |
|
Definition
| vasoconstrict and increased heart rate |
|
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Term
| what does aldosterone do? |
|
Definition
| reasbsorp H20 and Na+ and increase BP and volume |
|
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Term
| ANP is used to lower BP.. how does it do this? |
|
Definition
| increased Na+/H2O excretion and vasodilation |
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Term
| pt have a BP of 150/90 what stage of HTN is this? |
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Definition
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Term
| pericardial effusion will lead to what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Unstable angina turns into... |
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Definition
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Term
| A person with ACS (acute coronary sydrome) whta do you see on their EGD? |
|
Definition
| elevated ST wave ( Q wave abnormal) |
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Term
| what is the very best way to check for an MI? |
|
Definition
| tropinin (cardiac marker) |
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Term
| diff. btw transmural and subendocardial MI? |
|
Definition
| transmural entire muscle thickness (worse of two) |
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Term
| what is a PCI intervention? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| cardiac remodeling leads to what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are s/s of left sided heart failure? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| a stenotic valve can't do what? |
|
Definition
| can't open... oens poorly |
|
|
Term
| cardogenic shock starts with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the intra aorotic balloon pump do? |
|
Definition
| takes over work of heart.. decreases work of heart |
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Term
|
Definition
| netwrok of blood vessels. capilarry bed how absorption and secretion take place |
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Term
| which stage of urine formation acts as acid/base buffer/ |
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Definition
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