Term
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Definition
| Steroids and fatty acid derivatives |
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Term
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Definition
| Protein/Peptide and amine/amino acid |
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Term
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Definition
| protein/peptide; stored in vesicles, must be stimulated for release |
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Term
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Definition
| steroids; synthesized in the smooth ER released directly into the ECF |
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Term
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Definition
Hormones like to play GAMeS:
Growth/development
Adaptation
Metabolism/nutrition
Sex (function and development)
Hormones don't initiate events, they modulate stimulus response |
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Term
| This(ese) structural category(ies) of hormones include epinephrine |
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Definition
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Term
| This(ese) structural category(ies) of hormones consist of the smallest known hormones |
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Definition
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Term
| This(ese) structural category(ies) of hormones consist of the largest known hormones |
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Definition
| (poly)peptides and (glyco)proteins |
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Term
| This(ese) structural category(ies) of hormones include HcG and ACTH |
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Definition
| (poly)peptides and (glyco)proteins |
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Term
| This(ese) structural category(ies) of hormones include the sex hormones |
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Definition
| steroids and fatty acid derivatives |
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Term
| True or False: each hormone targets a specific receptor on a specific tissue, and that receptor responds exclusively to that hormone. |
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Definition
| all the FALSE are belong to this. Hormones bind many (similar) receptors on many different tissues, and many receptors bind several (similar) hormones |
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Term
| 2 examples of negative feedback |
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Definition
ADH kills the process of its own stimulation in the hypothalamus, as well as its production in the posterior pituitary
Insulin its own production in beta cells in the pancreas |
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Term
| example of positive feedback |
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Definition
| the follicle releases estradiol which stimulates the release of FSH from the anterior pituitary, which stimulates follicular growth, and therefore estradiol release until such time as the egg is released from the follicle, destroying its ability to produce estradiol (corpus luteum) |
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Term
| Hormone levels are regulated by... |
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Definition
| ...positive feedback, negative feedback, and STIMULUS LEVEL (generally the level of regulated substance in the body; e.g. insulin goes up as glucose goes up, etc.) |
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Term
| Effect a LOWERED AFFINITY of a receptor for a hormone will have on response to stimulus |
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Definition
| lowered affinity--> less frequent binding of hormone to receptor--> lower levels of second messenger--> weaker response |
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Term
| Effect an INCREASED PRODUCTION of a receptor will have on response to stimulus |
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Definition
| increased receptor production--> more places for hormone to bind--> more efficient binding of hormone--> more frequent second messenger activation--> stronger response |
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Term
| Whilst researching an alien document, a translation for a previously unknown hormone comes out, "Porfentin-releasing hormone." Even though we don't know what porfentin is, what can we assume is the origin of this hormone in the alien body? |
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Definition
| The equivalent of the hypothalamus |
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Term
| These are the six hormones released by the hypothalamus |
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Definition
Your hypothalamus can cause a GaGeD CyST:
GnRH
GHRH
Dopamine
Corticotropin Releasing Hormone (CRH)
Somatostatin
Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone(TRH) |
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Term
| Hormones of the posterior pituitary |
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Definition
| ADH, and oxytocin (for holding your water, and breaking it) |
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Term
| Hormones of the anterior pituitary |
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Definition
w/o your APG, you'd be a FLAT PiG:
FSH (stimulate follicles)
LH (stimulate testes)
ACTH (glucocorticoid regulation)
TSH (thyroid stimulation)
Prolactin (milk production/breast growth)
GH |
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Term
| Anterior Pituitary Cell Types |
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Definition
In terms of the hormones: FLAT PiG
FSH/LH: gonad stimulation--> Gonadotrophs (also includes hCG)
ACTH: adrenoCORTICOTROPic hormone--> Corticotrophs
TSH: THYROid--> thyrotrophs
Prolactin: proLACTin--> lactotrophs
GH: aka "Somatotropin"--> somatotrophs |
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Term
| Symptoms of hypopituitarism |
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Definition
We CAUSe hypopituitarism:
Weakness
Cold intolerance
Appetite loss
Unfitness (chronic)
Sexual dysfunction |
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Term
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Definition
deficiency: bone growth interference--> dwarfism
excess: increased linear bone growth--> gigantism |
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Term
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Definition
| excess: acromegaly, increased growth of cartilage & viscera (goiter, visceromegaly, barrel chest, arthritis, & PAD) |
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Term
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Definition
decreased metabolic rate
myxedema
elevated serum cholesterol (undigested/used due to lower metabolism)
Slow, weak, cold intolerant, gaining weight
Tested with iodine uptake tests, and scans |
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Term
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Definition
increased metabolic rate & O2 consumption
increased SNS sensitivity
CM: heat intolerant, jittery, wasting, tachycardic/arrhythmic, dyspneic
Thyroid Storm: acute severe hyperthyroidism, life threatening tachycardia and hyperthermia |
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Term
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Definition
autoimmune hyperthyroidism: TSI's overstimulate thyroid gland
familial tendency is evident |
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Term
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Definition
Primary adrenal insufficiency: decreased production of Mineralo/Glucocorticoids and androgens
CM: wasting, hyponatremia/hyperkalemia, bronzing, N/V,D |
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Term
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Definition
(usually secondary) hyperglucocorticoidism: mainly over-production of cortisol
CM: poor metabolism of fat, carbs, and electrolytes leads to weight-gain, edema, and muscle wasting |
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Term
| adrenal crisis and its relationship to Addison's patients |
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Definition
acute adrenal insufficiency: deadly lack of cortisol (tachycardia becomes CVA).
Addison's often treated with exogenous cortisol, which can induce Cushing syndrome. If cortisol is cut off quickly rather than tapered off, the dependent body can undergo adrenal crisis. |
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Term
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Definition
| anti-diuretic hormone: peptide hormone secreted from the posterior pituitary and acts on nephrons to increase water permeability, and causes vasoconstriction IRT stimulation of osmoreceptors-->Hypothalamus-->PPG |
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Term
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Definition
| mineralocorticoid synthesized in and released by the adrenal cortex; stimulated by angiotensin II; increases reabsorption of sodium and therefore water |
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Term
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Definition
external stimulus--> histamine--> vasoconstriction, vasodilation, and first responders--> cytokines--> cellular response
HeLPaRS: Heat, Loss of function, Pain, Redness, Swelling |
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Term
| Thyroid cells and related hormones (and their functions) |
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Definition
Follicular: T3 & T4 (metabolism; fetal growth/development)
C cells: Calcitonin (osteoblast stimulation--> lowered blood Ca++ & PO4-) |
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Term
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Definition
| secrete PTH, stimulates osteoclast activity, raises serum Ca++ |
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Term
| Pancreatic islet cell secretions and their functions |
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Definition
insulin: facilitates glucose transport into cells, and glycogen formation; down-regulates gluconeogenesis
glucagon: facilitates glycogen breakdown and release as well gluconeogenesis
Somatostatin: delays intestinal absorption of glucose |
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Term
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Definition
| activated in the kidney, stimulates Ca absorption in intestine |
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Term
| Ovarian hormones and their functions |
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Definition
Estrogen: female sex-specific development
Progesterone: menstrual cycle, pregnancy |
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Term
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Definition
| produced in the testes: male sex-specific development & sperm production |
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