Term
| energy sources for human body and energy produced by each in kcal/g |
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Definition
carbohydrates--> CO2 & H2O: 4kcal/g; stored as glycogen in muscles/liver
protein--> amino acids: 4kcal/g; stored as polypeptides (full proteins) in muscle
fat--> fatty acids and trigs: 9kcal/g; stored as triglycerides in liver and adipose tissue |
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Term
The effects of the following on Glucose:
Insulin
Glucagon
Epinephrine
GH
Cortisol |
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Definition
I: glucose out of blood into cells, anabolizes glycogen, inhibits gluconeogenesis
GCG: catabolizes glycogen, promotes gluconeogenesis
E: breaks down glycogen, keeps blood glucose up during stress
GH: increases protein synthesis, mobilizes adipose triglycerides, antagonizes insulin
C: stimulates gluconeogenesis in liver, essential for starvation survival |
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Term
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Definition
| immune-mediated destruction of beta-cells--> decreased insulin production |
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Term
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Definition
non-immune-mediated destruction of beta-cells--> decreased insulin production
strong familial correlation, no evidence of genetic inheritance |
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Term
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Definition
| obesity/genetic predisposition--> overproduction of insulin--> beta cell destruction and/or receptor desensitization--> hyperglycemia--> DM II |
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Term
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Definition
hi trigs: >150 low HDL: <50
hi bmi: >25 hi waist circum: >35
hi BP: >120/80 insulin resistance: FBS >100 |
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Term
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Definition
impaired fasting glucose (>100mg/dL)
impaired glucose tolerance: 2hr BG b/t 140 & 199mg/dL |
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Term
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Definition
3 Ps:
Polyuria
Polydipsia
Polyphagia
pee, thirst, and hunger |
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Term
| Pt appears tired, complains of intermittent blurred vision, and is on their second granola bar during your assessment, they might be suffering from |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| diabetic ketoacidosis: lack of glucose use leads to excess breakdown of fatty acids for fuel creating ketones as a byproduct, increases H+ (metabolic acidosis) |
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Term
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Definition
| hyperglycemic hyperosmotic state: diabetes--> hyperglycemia--> hyperosmosis--> poor perfusion to tissues--> dehydration & malnutrtion |
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Term
| system most affected by chronic diabetes |
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Definition
| peripheral vasculature: retinopathies, neuropathies, nephropathies, and foot ulcers |
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Term
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Definition
| low blood sugar can be caused by insulin overdose in DMII pts |
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