Term
| Signs and symptoms (S/S) of muscular dystrophy |
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Definition
| : Muscle damage/necrosis fat deposits within muscles) Falls, tip toe walking beginning in 3-5 year old, unable to walk by age 10. Death by age 20, by heart failure or pneumonia |
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Term
| S/S of myasthenia gravis: |
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Definition
| Autoimmune disorder that first shows in the face, difficulty swallowing, weak resp. muscles and proximal extremities |
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Term
| S/S of carpal tunnel syndrome: |
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Definition
| Narrowing of tunnel, median nerve on palmar side of the hand, positive Tinnel’s sign, pain, deformity, from repetitive motion |
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Term
| S/S of Guillain Barre syndrome |
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Definition
| : Acute immune mediated polyneuropathy, paresthesias in toes and fingers advancing proximally. Weakness, areflexia, symmetrically. Progresses over hours/days plateaus at 4-6 weeks, recovery 6-12 months |
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Term
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Definition
| wear and tear leads to intervertebral disk movement that leads to pain and numbness in extremities and some neck and back pain. |
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Term
| S/S of Parkinson’s disease including specific brain involvement: |
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Definition
| -Basal Ganglia: tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia, postural reflex impairment, depression, loss of motivation, fearful, difficult decision making, as a result of dopamine imbalance |
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Term
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Definition
| Upper motor neuron disorder, loss of muscle mass, sclerosis of nerves involved, affects motor neurons and voluntary muscles, sensory is intact as is mental status |
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Term
| S/S of multiple sclerosis: |
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Definition
| demyelinating disorder of CNS, plaques form in the brain leading to fatigue and neurological abnormalities (various progression patterns), vision, speech, swallowing, gait, coordination all affected. |
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Term
Spinal cord injury- incidence, symptoms in relation to spinal nerve
levels-respiratory muscles, reflexes: |
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Definition
50% occur in pts. 16-30 years
Respiration: C3-5-diaphragm, T1-7 intercostals, T6-12 abdominals
Upper Extremities: below C8 full function
Reflexes: T12 and lower-flaccid LE, Lower motor neurons affected, Above T 12 Lower motor neurons intact Lower extremities spastic
Affects bowel/bladder and sexual function |
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Term
| Stroke causes and treatment: |
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Definition
| Hemorrhagic or ischemic-bleeding in the brain or clot that occludes vessels. Treatment based on type of stroke. Can surgically remove clot, tPA or thrombolytics must be within 3 hrs of onset of symptoms |
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Term
| Meninges, meningitis causes and S/S: |
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Definition
bacterial or viral infection of the brain causing fever, chills, HA, stiff neck, N/V, seizures, photophobia Kernig’s sign: can’t straighten leg for like hamstring stretch because it’s too tight
Brudzinski’s sign: Lifting the patient’s neck causes involuntary flexion of the legs causing the knees to bend. |
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Term
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Definition
| 2% of all cancers are primary brain tumors, 15-25% of all metastatic cancers 20% of adults have benign brain tumor |
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Term
| Primary and secondary seizures types, incidence, and etiology: |
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Definition
Primary: unprovoked, idiopathic-partial(specific onset area), generalized (both hemispheres) epilepsy
Secondary: provoked, children w/ high fever, hypoglycemia, hypoxia, alkalosis, uremia, cerebral trauma, CVA, cranial tumors, electrolytes
Incidence: most common <10 years old |
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Term
| S/S of Alzheimer’s disease |
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Definition
| memory loss, slow thought process, personality changes, mood swings, anger out bursts, fearfulness, apathy, loss of coordination, disorientation |
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Term
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Definition
| medical emergency, ativan and valium |
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Term
| Differentiation of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: |
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Definition
Osteoarthritis Rheumatoid Arthritis
Incidence F=M, middle aged+ F>M, usually younger Patho 1. Degenerative disease of weight bearing joints, noninflammatory
2. Autoimmune inflammatory disease
S/S 1. Morning stiffness, relieved within 30 mins. Worse at night -unilateral
2. Morning stiffness/pain takes 2+ hours to “warm up” -systemic, bilateral |
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Term
| S/S of SLE (Systemic lupus erythematosus): |
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Definition
| fever, photosensitivity, pleurisy (inflammation leading to chest pain), endocarditis/pericarditis, renal complications, arthralgias (joint pain) |
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Term
| S/S of ankylosing spondylitis: |
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Definition
| insidious onset, lower back pain in the morning, upper back, hips, should, loss of lumbar curvature (inflammation of the joints) |
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Term
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Definition
| extreme pain, red, hot shiny, swollen, most common in big toe |
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Term
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Definition
| -Increased CO2, >40mmHg -pH < 7.40 Caused by: hypoventilation -CNS: sedation, CVA, medication -Pulmonary: Embolism, edema, pneumonia, pneumothorax, COPD, ARDS (acute resp. distress syndrome), mechanical ventilation Symptoms: HA, confusion, anxiety, tachycardia, N/V, stupor, coma, seizures --may lead to metabolic alkalosis |
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Term
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Definition
-Decreased CO2 <40 mmHg
-pH >7.40
Caused by: hyperventilation
-R/t: pain, fever, injury, DKA, PE, pulmonary fibrosis, mechanical ventilation, sedation/paralysis, hypothermia, low carb diet
Symptoms: lightheadedness, confusion, tachycardia, syncope, seizures, N/V |
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Term
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Definition
-Decreased HCO3 <24 mEq
-pH <7.40
Caused by: DKA, lactic acidosis, renal failure, toxins, diarrhea, renal tubular necrosis, pancreatic drainage
Symptoms: N/V, malaise, hyperpnea, hypotension, shock, arrhythmia, coma
--will compensate with hyperventilation |
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Term
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Definition
-Increased HCO3 >24 mEq/L
-pH >7.40
Caused by Vomiting, NG drainage, volume loss (diuresis), corticosteroids
Symptoms: decreased Ca+ leads to HA, lethargy, tetany, seizures |
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