Term
| what is the most comon birth defect in cards |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the most common heart disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the cause of congenital heart disease |
|
Definition
enivornment and genetics
90% unknown |
|
|
Term
| with what types of heart problems are mothers advised not to reproduce 4 |
|
Definition
aortic diseases: marfans, coarctation
cyanotic heart disease
pulmonary HTN |
|
|
Term
| how is the severity of a left to right shunt determine |
|
Definition
| the bigger the shunt the more blood moves through into the pulmonary circut |
|
|
Term
| what are the 3 left to right shunts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| explain what eisnmenger's syndrome is and the complications of it |
|
Definition
In left to right shunt blood from the systemic circuit is forced into the lower pressure pulmonary circuit. Evuntally the pulmonary circuit will form HTN and it will be lower pressure for it to shunt back into the systemic circuit
This will cause deoxygenated blood to enter the systemic circuit prematurely and this late cyanosis |
|
|
Term
| what are 7 signs of esienmenger's syndrme |
|
Definition
pulmonary vascular disease
pulmonary HTN
exercise syncope
arrhythmia
hemoptysis
stroke
secondary polycythemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cyanosis activates erythropoetin which increases RBC and blood viscosity |
|
|
Term
| what is the tx for eisnmenger's syndrome |
|
Definition
avoid more viscosity: no oral contraceptives
theraputic phlebotomy |
|
|
Term
| whan is theraputic phlebotomy done, what do you do |
|
Definition
Hb>20 or HCT>65 then you can do it
muscle replace Fe and volume to prevent syncope |
|
|
Term
| what is the most common congenital heart defect in adilts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| open septum between atria allows high pressure blood from the LA into the RA which increases delivery of blood to the lungs |
|
|
Term
| ASD: locations, their prevelance |
|
Definition
sinus venosus: near the SVC
ostium secondum: midlline, fossa ovalia, most common
ostium primum: near AV valves |
|
|
Term
| what location of ASD is associated with another birth defect disorder, what disorder is it |
|
Definition
ASD ostium primum
down syndrome |
|
|
Term
| what are the two complications of ASD, explain why each happen |
|
Definition
paradoxical emboli: DVT normally lodges in lungs, but because there is an opening between the atria it could go RA to LA then to systemic circulation and lodge in brain
eismenger's syndrome: the shunt is delivering lots of blood to the lungs, after a while the lungs will develop HTN and become higher pressure than the systemic circut causing reversal of the shunt and deoxygenated RA blood to be allowed into the circulation causing LATE CYANOSIS |
|
|
Term
| what are the heart sounds associated with a , explain why you heart them 6 |
|
Definition
wide fixed S2 split: there is more blood in the RA making it hard for the pulmonary valve to close on time
systolic ejection murmur: the increase RV blood is forced through the pulmonary valve
diastolic rumble: increased blood volume moving across the trucuspid in filling
RV heave: the RV has more blood to push out
ostium primum: mitral regurgitation
ostium secondum: Afib in 50s |
|
|
Term
| other than the heart sounds, what exam finding would there be, why |
|
Definition
| prominent jugular venous pressure: traffic jam, extra blood in RA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pulmonary HTN
RV hypertrophy
LV hypertrpohy in primum ASD |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
RA and RV dilation
paradoxical septal movement |
|
|
Term
| what is the most frequent congenital heart disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what congenital heart diseas is associated with fetal alcohol syndrom |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| opening in muscular septum allows blood from high pressure LV into lower pressure RV which shunts more blood into the pulmonary circut |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pressure and volume hypertrophy
eismenger's syndrome: more blood in pulmonary circut forms HTN and the systemic circut becomes less pressure so shunt reverses and deoxygenated blood from the RV moves to LV causing LATE CYANOSIS, secondary polycythemia, and CLUBBING |
|
|
Term
| how can you tell if a VSD is small or big |
|
Definition
small: LOUD systolic murmur, thrill, palpable, found early
big: soft diastolic mitral outflow rumble |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| surgical closure of shunt (small may close on its own) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
girls > boys
associated with MATERANL RUBELLA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
normal ductus arteriosis closes by 3mo due to oxygen induced release of PGE
blood shunts from high pressure aorta to low pressure pulmonary artery which delivers more blood to the lungs and less to the systemic circut |
|
|
Term
| what is a complication of PDA |
|
Definition
| eismenger's syndrome: more blood is being delivered to the pulmonary circut so it develops HTN and the aorta becomes less pressure so the shunt reverses and deoxygenated blood moves from pulmonary artery to aorta AFTER THE BRANCHES WHICH CAUSES LE CYANOSIS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
machinery murmur
cyanosis of the LE after reversal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
small defect could calcify and close as adult
surgery is curative
antibotic prophylaxis, NSAIDS prior to shunt development, removal of PGE |
|
|
Term
| what are the 4 right to left shunts |
|
Definition
hypoplastic left heart syndrome
tricuspid atresia
tertaolgy of fallot
truncus arteriosis
transposition of the great vessels |
|
|
Term
| what are two conditions we are worried about in all conditions with a right to left shunt |
|
Definition
cyanotic congenital heart disease: right to left shunts present in infancy (blue baby) as clubbing, cyanosis, dyspnea
emboli from peropherial veins can enter the circulation by bypassing the lungs |
|
|
Term
| what is the most common right to left shunt |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the cause of tertaology of fallot, how is the severity determined |
|
Definition
VSD
displacement of aorta over VSD
subpulmonic stenosis: smaller opening more shunting and more cyanosis
thickening of ventricle wall |
|
|
Term
| 5 exam findings in tertaolgy of fallot |
|
Definition
bluish skin
squatting: increases TPR and pressure on right side forcing blood through the stenosis and to the lungs
crying
poor feeding
CXR: boot shaped heart |
|
|
Term
| explain the flow of blood in a tertolgy of fallot |
|
Definition
| blood enters RV and the pulmonary valve is hard to get through due to stenosis so instead it goes through VSD and into the aorta that is right next to it and out to the peripherial circulation before it is oxygenated causing EARLY CYANOSIS |
|
|
Term
| what is the cause of truncus artriosis |
|
Definition
maternal diabetes
developmental failure in seperation of truncus into aorta and pulmonary artery |
|
|
Term
| explain the flow of blood in truncus arteriosis |
|
Definition
| common aorta/pulmonary artery allows mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood which causes early cyanosis |
|
|
Term
| what conditions is truncus arteriosis associated with 2 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| transposition of the great vessels: flow of blood, complications |
|
Definition
aorta comes from RV and pulmonary artery from LV
this creates two seperate pulmonary and systemic circuts and oxygenated blood cannot reach the systemic circut causing EARLY CYANOSIS
the baby is alive because some oxygenated blood goes from the pulmonary artery to the aorta through the PDA |
|
|
Term
| tx transposition of the great vessels |
|
Definition
PDA MUST remain open for the baby to stay alive
surgical corrections |
|
|
Term
| 6 obsturction of outflow conditions |
|
Definition
spuravalvular aortic stenosis
coarctation of the aorta
valvular aortic stenosis
aortic regurgitation
mitral stenosis
mitral regurgitation |
|
|
Term
| what condition is supravalvular stenosis associated with, what are other signs 3 |
|
Definition
| WILLIAMS SYNDROME (elvin facies, MR, hypercalcemia) |
|
|
Term
| cause of supravalvular stenosis |
|
Definition
| diaphragmatic (hour glass) stenosis ABOVE the aortic valve PROXIMAL to the coronary artery lesses blood delivery to the ENTIRE systemic circulation |
|
|
Term
| exam findings in supravalvular stenosis |
|
Definition
| systolic murmur in suprasternal notch |
|
|
Term
| what 2 other conditions is coarctation of the aorta associated with |
|
Definition
TURNER SYNDROME
bicuspid aorta |
|
|
Term
| who gets coardctaiton of the aorta |
|
Definition
males > females
7% of cardiac birth defects |
|
|
Term
| what is wrong in coarctation of aorta |
|
Definition
| narrowing of aortic arch distal to left subclavian but proximal to PDA |
|
|
Term
| explain the flow of blood in infantile coarctation of the aorta |
|
Definition
| blood from the RV enters the PDA to the aorta because it is lower pressure after the stenosis causing CYANOSIS TO THE LE |
|
|
Term
| explain the flow of blood in adult coarctation of the aorta |
|
Definition
| blood from the LV has a difficult time passing through the stenosis so more goes out the aortic branches causing UE HTN AND LE HYPOTENSION |
|
|
Term
| 3 complications of coarctation of aorta and why |
|
Definition
heart failure: excess work of LV pushin against stenosis
anrueysm in circle of willis: due to UE HTN
aortic dissection/rupture: due to pressure on stenotic area |
|
|
Term
| exam findings in coarctation of aorta 6 |
|
Definition
HTN in UE
hypotension in LE
reduced pulses in LE
radiofemoral delay
3 sign
rib notching due to formation of collateral circulation |
|
|
Term
| treatment and prognosis of coarctation of aorta 3 |
|
Definition
death in middle age if not corrected with surgery of percutaneous balloon dilation
contaol HTH (may rise after surgery)
often die of CAD, stroke, rupture, CHF |
|
|
Term
| what is the most common obstructive congenital heart disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the 3 causes of valvular aortic stenosis, explain each, and what age they come about |
|
Definition
congenital bicuspid: <55yo, increased risk of Ca build up due to wear/tear
degenerative aortic stenosis: >55yo, dystrophic Ca build up due to wear/tear makes it so cusps dont line up
CHRONIC rheumatic fever (40-50yo, 15y after infection): always occurs with mitral stenosis, aortic effect uncommon. due to chronic rheumatic fever causing scaring and FUSING of the valve (fish mouth) |
|
|
Term
| aortic valve stenosis effects on the heart |
|
Definition
| obstruction of LV out flow causes hypoplastic left heart and LV hypertrophy |
|
|
Term
| 5 exam findings in aortic stenosis and why |
|
Definition
often asympatomatic until adult due to compensation mechanicms
ejection click and diastolic murmur: pressure behidn stenosis blows open valve (click) and high pressure blood rushes through (crescendo) and then slows (decrescendo)
syncope and angina with exercise: limited blood to brain and heart
pulse parvus (volume): radial pulse weak
pulse tarvus (timine): radial pulse not felt in time with heart |
|
|
Term
| how can the severity of an aortic stenosis be determined |
|
Definition
| SOUND OF MURMUR INCREASES WITH SEVERITY |
|
|
Term
| 2 EKG signs of aortia stenosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| if severe (<0.75cm2 or >50mmHG) needs surgery |
|
|
Term
| causes of aortic regurgitation 8 |
|
Definition
congenital bicuspid degeneration: <55yo
degeneration: >55yo
rheumatic fever: uncommon
endocarditis: cauces valve damage and incomplete closure
seronegative arthritis
ankylosing spondylitis
RA
margans: aortic root dilation pulls edges of valve away from eachother |
|
|
Term
| when should a marfans patient get surgery for the aortic regurgitation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 2 exam findings in aortic regurgitation |
|
Definition
short duration murmur: blood quickly goes back through the valve in diastole to equalize pressures (worse severity) making decrescendo murmur
hyperdyanmic circulation signs |
|
|
Term
| explain hyperdynamic circulation and the outcomes |
|
Definition
when blood regurgitates into the LV next cycle will push more blood out (inc SV and systolic pressure) but some will come back in (dec diastolic pressure) widening pulse pressure
bounding pulses, pulsating nail beds, nead nodding |
|
|
Term
| ECHO/EEG signs in aortic regurgitation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how is severity of aortic regurgitation determined |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chronic rheumatic fever causing scaring the FUSION of the cusps |
|
|
Term
| heart sounds in mitral stenosis and why |
|
Definition
| 1st is loud: when LA pushes open stenotic valve in diastole it causes snap followed by murmur when blood is pushed through |
|
|
Term
| how is severity of mitral stenosis detchermined |
|
Definition
| longer rumble after 1st heart sound, more severe |
|
|
Term
| what is a complication of mitral stenosis, why |
|
Definition
| AFib: dilation in LA causes changes in conduction leading to stasis and mural thrombi |
|
|
Term
| CXR, EKG, ECHO signs of mitral stenosis |
|
Definition
CXR: straightening of right heart border, kearly B lines (straight line son CXR in severe stenosis)
EKG: RV hypertrophy
ECHO: shows severity, diagnosis, gradient |
|
|
Term
| when is a mitral stenosis considered severe |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
surgery if severe
AFib: pacemaker or meds
balloon valvuloplasty if valve is pliable and not too crusty and stenosed |
|
|
Term
| cause of mitral regurgitation 4 |
|
Definition
acute rheumatic fever due to endocarditis vegetations
mitral valve prolapse
endocarditis
papillary muscle ischemia: Post MI papillary mucle dies and it cant keep valve closed |
|
|
Term
| where is the most common location of a papillary muscle ischemia and why |
|
Definition
| posteriomedial papillary muscle due to flow of blood |
|
|
Term
| 5 exam findings in mitral regurgitation and why |
|
Definition
holocystolic murmur: LV contracts and some goes back in
oblideration of 1st heart sound
wide split 2nd heart sound
low pitch early diastolic rumble
dyspnea due to LV pressure increase |
|
|
Term
| how can you make a mitral regurgitation louder 3, why |
|
Definition
squat: increased resistance on atria forces blood into LA
expiration: increased blood in LA increases blood in LV causing more regurgitation |
|
|
Term
| what kind of cancer is most likley in the heart |
|
Definition
| secondary tumors, primary are very rare |
|
|
Term
| how often in metastis to the heart |
|
Definition
| occurs in 5% of dying cancer patients |
|
|
Term
| what percent of primary cardiac tumors are malignant |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the 6 primary tumors of the heart |
|
Definition
myoxmas
lipomas
rhabdomyomas
angiosarcomas
papillary fibroblastoma
fibroma |
|
|
Term
| myoxma: gender, age, metastic?, location, prevelance |
|
Definition
female
50s
MOST COMMON PRIMARY CARDIAC TUMOR
40% benign
90% aorta (usually by fossa ovalis)
75% in LA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mesenchyme proliferation causes gelatenous ground substance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
mitral heart disease (ball value effect)
murmurs in heart
systemic emboli
large peduncukared |
|
|
Term
| what is the effect of myexoma on the mitral valve |
|
Definition
| tumor is on wall of LA causing blockage to the mirtal valve and decreased systemic blood and syncope when less reaches the brain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
subendocardium
subepicardium
myocardium (poorly localized in encapsulated masses) |
|
|
Term
| rhabdomyoma: associated disease, prevelance |
|
Definition
most common primary cardiac tumor in infants and kids (40% of tumors in that age group)
associated with tuberous sclerosis |
|
|
Term
| cause of rhabdomyomas, location, size |
|
Definition
fetal harmatomas
large
90% ventricular myocardium |
|
|
Term
| what is the most common primary malignant tumor of the heart |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the most frequent cardiac tumor, what is the most frequent complication |
|
Definition
| metastasis from another cancer to the parenchyma causes effusion |
|
|
Term
| what are 4 common malignancies that metastasize to the heart |
|
Definition
| lung, breast, melanoma, lymphoma |
|
|
Term
| what are 5 manuvers that can help with diagnosis of valve disease |
|
Definition
inspiration
valsalva
hangrip
squatting
change from supine to upright |
|
|
Term
| what does inspiration do the the CV |
|
Definition
increased venous return
increased right sided murmur |
|
|
Term
| what does valsalve to to the CV |
|
Definition
increases intrathoracic pressure
decreases venous return to heart
most sound decreased due to decreased LV filling and decreased CO (EXCEPT HYPERTROPHIC OBSTRUCTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY (SUBVALVULAR AORTIC STENOSIS) AND MITRAL STENOSIS) |
|
|
Term
| what does handgrip do to the CV |
|
Definition
| increases CO and systemic vascular resistance |
|
|
Term
| what does squatting do the to CV |
|
Definition
increases peripherial vascular resistance
increases venous return |
|
|
Term
| what does changing from supine to upright do to the CV |
|
Definition
decreases venous return and SV
increases HR and systemic vascular resistance |
|
|
Term
| mitral valve prolapse: prevelance, ages, gender |
|
Definition
3-5% of the population
20-30yo
women > men |
|
|
Term
| causes of mitral valve prolapse 7 |
|
Definition
degeneration of mitral valve due to
marfans
elhers danlos
ruptured papillary m or chordae tendinae
endocarditis
arrhythmia
thombi |
|
|
Term
| what condition is mitral valve prolapse often combined with |
|
Definition
| mitral valve regurgitation |
|
|
Term
| explain what happens to the valve in mitral valve prolapse |
|
Definition
| balooning of the valve into LA in systole due to degenerating loppy valve |
|
|
Term
| symptoms of mitral valve prolapse |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| complications of mitral valve prolapse 5 |
|
Definition
severe mitral regurgitation
infective endocarditis
arrhythmia
thrombi |
|
|
Term
| what are te six infections of the heart |
|
Definition
rheumatic heart disease
non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis
libman sacs endocarditis
infective endocarditis
myocarditis
pericarditis |
|
|
Term
| rheumatic heart disease: locations, prevelance, most common dysfunction |
|
Definition
3% of GAS will cause rheumatic heart failure
mitral valve > women
aortic valve > men (overall more rare)
stenosis > regurgitation |
|
|
Term
| cause of rheumatic heart disease |
|
Definition
slight familial predisposition
pt gets pharyngitis via GAS pyogenes which has M proteins that resemble human tissue
the body makes antigens to the M proteins and they attack the GAS and the body (molecular mimicry) |
|
|
Term
| what are the 3 changes in the heart tissue with acute rheumatic heart disease |
|
Definition
pancarditis: inflammatory infiltrate of all three layers
endocarditis: vegitations on mv causes regurgitation
myocarditis: most common cause of death in acute phase
pericarditis: causes friction rub |
|
|
Term
| what are two signs of rheumatic myocarditis |
|
Definition
aschoff bodies: chronic inflammation, giant cells, fibrnoid
anichkow cells: histocytes with catipillar nuclei in bodies |
|
|
Term
| what changes in the heart with chronic rheumatic heart disease |
|
Definition
| scarring and fibrnoid necrosis of the valves causes fusion and thickening leaving valve stenosed with "fish mouth" appearance |
|
|
Term
| explain how rheumatic fever is diagnosed |
|
Definition
1. evidence of strep infection (ASO, anti-DNAase)
2. 2 major or 1 major + 2 minor |
|
|
Term
| what are the 5 major criteria for rheumatic fever |
|
Definition
Joint- migratory polyarthritis
O - pancarditis
Nodules in SC
Erythema migrinatum: rash on trunk with red borders
Syndehams chorea: rapid involuntary movement |
|
|
Term
| non-thrombotic bacterial endocarditis, define, aka, location |
|
Definition
marantic endocarditis
50% mitral
sterile deposition of fibrin, platelets, blood components on line of closure vegetations |
|
|
Term
| non-thrombotic bacterial endocarditis causes 2 |
|
Definition
hyperviscosity: elevated platelets, adenocarcinomas
subtle endothelial abnormalities |
|
|
Term
| non-thrombotic bacterial endocarditis complication |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| libman-sacs endocarditis: cause, common presentations |
|
Definition
| SLE attacks tricuspid, mitral, cords, endocardium causing fibrnoid necrosis on BOTH sides of valves |
|
|
Term
| libman-sacs endocarditis tx and prognosis |
|
Definition
decrease incidence with steroid therapy
embolic event sin valve fibrosis common |
|
|
Term
| 4 microbes causing infective endocarditis, their virulence, most common pt, type of endocarditis |
|
Definition
S. viridans: low virulence, small vegetations, don't destory valve (subacute)
S. aureus: high virulence common in iv drug user, large vegetations destory valve (acute)
S. epidermiditis: common on presthetic valves
S. bovis: common with colorectal cancer |
|
|
Term
| what predisposes someone for endocarditis |
|
Definition
| heart lesion, IV drug use, any exposed collagen on valve allows for thrombotic vegitations on heart valve that can trap bacteria |
|
|
Term
| what valves are most often infected in infective endocarditis |
|
Definition
mostly aortic and mitral
tricuspid in S aureus IV drug user because it is very virulent and tricuspid is the first valve it hits |
|
|
Term
| signs of acute endocarditis |
|
Definition
| rapid onset, fever, chills, weakness |
|
|
Term
| signs of subacute endocarditis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| signs of a septic emboli from endocarditis 3 |
|
Definition
janeway lesions: red lesions on palms and soles
osler lesions: painful lesions on finger
splinter hemorrhages: on nail beds |
|
|
Term
| treatment of infectious endocarditis |
|
Definition
get positive blood cultyre (major criteria)
6 mo antibiotics |
|
|
Term
| viral causes of myocarditis 5 |
|
Definition
most common
cosackie, echo, influenza, HIV, CMV |
|
|
Term
| bacterial causes of myocarditis 5 |
|
Definition
chalmydia (C. psittaci)
rickettsia (R. typhi)
corynebacterium dyptheriae
N. meningitidis
B. burdgferi |
|
|
Term
| fungal, protzoa, worm causes of myocarditis 4 |
|
Definition
canditia
T. cruzi, toxoplasmosis
helminths |
|
|
Term
| autoimmune causes of myocarditis 5 |
|
Definition
post viral (post-strep)
SLE
drug hypersensitivity: methylopa, sulfa
transplant rejection
sarcoidosis
giant cell arteritis |
|
|
Term
| signs of myocarditis non-acute 5 |
|
Definition
asymptomatic
fever
fatigue
CP
palpitations |
|
|
Term
| signs of myocarditis acutte 3 |
|
Definition
arrythmia
dilated cardiomyopathy
mitral regurgitation |
|
|
Term
| what is the normal cause of pericarditis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| signs of acute pericarditis |
|
Definition
fibrnous exudate
resolves or professes to chronic |
|
|
Term
| signs of chronic pericarditis |
|
Definition
| delicate fibrous adhesions or fibrous scaring (causes constrictive pericarditis) |
|
|
Term
| what are the 3 types of pericardial effusions and their cause |
|
Definition
serous: decreased protein (cirrhosis) or increased pressure
serosangiunous: decreased protein with blood (trauma, cancer)
chyloys: lymph obstruction (cancer)
sanguinous: trauma or acute events (dissection/rupture) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
primary mycardial abnormalities (intrinsic disease)
myocarditis that causes cardiac dysfunction |
|
|
Term
| what are the 3 types of cardiomyopathy, which is most common |
|
Definition
dilated 90% flabby
hypertrophic
restrictive |
|
|
Term
| dilated cardiomyopathy: changes in heart and effects |
|
Definition
atria and ventricles dilated decreasing contraction and thus emptying which causes biventricular eccentric hypertrophy and heart failure
dilation stretches the tissue changing conduction causing AFib
dilation stretches the mitral and tricuspid valve causing regurgitation |
|
|
Term
| 5 causes of dilated cardiomyopathy |
|
Definition
myocarditis: cosackie late complication
pregnancy: 3rd trimester, after birth
alcohol
drugs (cocaine)
inherited muscular dystrophy |
|
|
Term
| cause of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy |
|
Definition
| genetic mutation in sarcomere proteins causes wall to have much more muscle so it cant contract decreasing CO |
|
|
Term
| complications of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy |
|
Definition
changes in contraction causes VFib and sudden death
syncope with exercise: increased muscle causes stenosis within the LV decreasing blood to the brain and heart
septal hypertrophy
intermittent ourflow obstruction |
|
|
Term
| how is hypertrophyc cardiomyopathy diagnosed |
|
Definition
| biopsy: myocytes disorganized (dissarray) |
|
|
Term
| define restrictive cardiomyopathy |
|
Definition
| idiopathic fibrosis thickens ventricles and decreases their heart wall causing fibrosis |
|
|
Term
| causes of restrictive cardiomyopathy |
|
Definition
loffler's syndrome: eosinophils and inflammation in heart wall cause fibrosis
endocardial fibroelastosis: fibrin and elastin replace epicardium decreasing stretch |
|
|
Term
| complications of restrictive cardiomyopathy |
|
Definition
| CHF: blood cant leave the heart causing failure |
|
|
