Term
| Reproduction is the process by which? |
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Definition
New individual species are produced
Genetic material passed on from generation - generation |
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Term
| Specialized reproductive cells are called? |
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Definition
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Term
| Fusion of egg and sperm is called? |
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Definition
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Term
| Reproductive system has these same based parts? |
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Definition
1. Primary sex organs or gonads (ovaries- women and testes- men)
2. Accessory sex organs (internal and external)
ducts
accessory sex glands
supporting structures |
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Term
| Each Embryo produces this two sets of ducts? |
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Definition
Wolffian ducts- become vas deferens etc
Mullerian ducts- become oviducts, uterus, vagina |
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Term
| This happens to the duct that is not used? |
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Definition
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Term
T or F
Internal genitals structures develop from separate structures? |
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Definition
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Term
T or F
External genitals come from the same embryonic structures? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the role of the male Scrotum? |
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Definition
| Supports and regulates temperature of testes |
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Term
| What two muscles in the scrotum helps to regulate the temperature? |
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Definition
| Dartos muscle and cremaster muscle |
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Term
| This is smooth muscle in septum between two testes and under skin of scrotum? |
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Definition
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Term
| This is skeletal, extension of internal oblique muscle, raises testes during sexual arousal, or when temperature is cold? |
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Definition
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Term
| Paired oval glands in scrotum? |
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Definition
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Term
| These are descended into the scrotum before birth, pass through inguinal canal? |
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Definition
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Term
| This is a fibromuscular cord that guides the testicles during decent? |
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Definition
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Term
| Spermatic cord is made up of? |
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Definition
| Vas Derens, blood vessels, nerves |
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Term
| If testicles fail to descend it is called this? |
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Definition
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Term
| Covering that forms over as they descend serious membrane? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| This is a collection of serious fluid in the tunica vaginalis and is caused by injury to scrotum/testes? |
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Definition
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Term
| This white fibrous capsule divides testes into lobules? |
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Definition
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Term
| Each lobule contains this many coiled tubles |
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Definition
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Term
| Tubles inside the lobules are called? |
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Definition
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Term
| Two types of cells with each seminiferous tuble are? |
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Definition
1. spermatogenic cell= actually form sperm
2. sertoli= support cell sperm |
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Term
| Spermotogeneis begins with? |
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Definition
| Spermatogonia (sperm stem cells) |
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Term
| The chain of metosis/meosis in males is? |
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Definition
Spermtogonia
(mitosis)
Primary spermocyte
(meosis 1)
2 secondary spermoctye
(meosis 2)
4 Spermatids |
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Term
| This is the process by which spermatids grow up and become sperm cells? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| This many sperm mature each day? |
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Definition
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Term
| List the 4 parts of sperm? |
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Definition
Head (contains DNA)
Acrosone (enzyme that penetrates egg)
Midpiece (mitochondria)
Tail (flagellum- propels sperm) |
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Term
| Anabolic steriod does this? |
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Definition
| Increases bone and muscle mass |
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Term
| This is the site of sperm maturation and storgae? |
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Definition
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Term
| Tubes within the epidiymus are called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 parts of the epididymis? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Comes from the ductus epididymis from the enlarged tail where is becomes less convulated |
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Term
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Definition
| Inguinal canal and loops around ureter and passes down back of urinary bladder |
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Term
| Distal portion of vas deferen is this? |
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Definition
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Term
| Ejaculatory duct is made up of these? |
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Definition
| Ampulla and seminal vescile |
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Term
| How long is sperm able to be stored? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Cutting of the vas deferen preventing the entry of sperm - sterility |
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Term
| Is vasectomy a sage method of birth control? |
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Definition
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Term
| Viscous fluid makes up 60% of? |
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Definition
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Term
| This surrounds the urethra inferior to the bladder? |
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Definition
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Term
| Ejaculatory duct runs through this? |
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Definition
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Term
| This is an energy source for sperm? |
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Definition
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Term
| this enzyme liquefy coagulated sperm? |
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Definition
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Term
| These are pea size glands on either side of membranous urethra? |
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Definition
| Bulbourethral or Cowper Gland |
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Term
| These secrete alkaline mucus in response to sexual stimulation and lubricate the penis for intercourse? |
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Definition
| Bulbourethral or Cowpers Gland |
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Term
| this is a mixture of sperm and secretions from accessory gland? |
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Definition
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Term
| If your sperm could in below this, you would be infertile? |
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Definition
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Term
Semen provides fluid for transport, nutrients and neutrilizes acid in males urethra and female vagina?
T or F |
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Definition
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Term
| Semen coagulates in this many minutes after ejaculation, and reliquefies in this many minutes after ejaculation? |
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Definition
| 5 minutes and 10-20 minutes |
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Term
| Semen can stay in the male body for many weeks but can only survive this long after leaving the body? |
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Definition
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Term
This conveys urine and semen to the outside of the body?
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three parts of the penis? |
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Definition
| Root, body and glans penis |
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Term
| Dorsolateral masses of penis? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| midventral mass is called? |
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Definition
| Corpus sponigiosum (contains urethra and keeps it open) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| This is parasympathetic reflex caused by release of Nitric Oxide? |
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Definition
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Term
| Ejaculation is triggered by this? |
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Definition
| Presence of semen in urethra through spinal nerves in sacral portion of cord |
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Term
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Definition
| Movement of sperm and secretion into the urethra |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| When do the ovaries descend into the pelvic cavity? |
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Definition
| Third month of development |
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Term
| What are the 4 ligaments of ovaries? |
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Definition
1. Broad ligment- connects to side uterus and pelvic floor
2. Ovarian ligament- anchors to uterus
3. Suspensory ligament- attaches to pelvic floor
4. Round ligament- maintains uterine position |
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Term
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Definition
| brief, sharp, stabbing pain in lower abdomen or groin (2nd trimester in pregnant women) |
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Term
| Oogenesis is the making of this? |
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Definition
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Term
| Spermotogensis in males begins? |
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Definition
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Term
| Oogensis in females begins? |
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Definition
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Term
| Oogonia divide making milions germs cells that develop into larger cells called? |
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Definition
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Term
| Primary ooyctes begin meiosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| FSH and LH are released by this? |
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Definition
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Term
| At puberty approximately this many primordial follicle will mature? |
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Definition
| 400 (1 egg month for 38 years) |
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Term
| Once primary oocyte and zona pellucida has grown it becomes? |
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Definition
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Term
| Oocyte develops layer around itself called? |
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Definition
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Term
| At ovulation secondary oocyte surrounded by zona pellucida leaves ovary and heads towards? |
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Definition
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Term
| At ovulation primary cell changes into? |
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Definition
| Secondary oocyte and 1st polar body |
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Term
| Meiosis 2 takes place in females if ovualtion occurs becoming? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 1 ovum and 3 polar bodies |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Open end of uterine tube is called? |
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Definition
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Term
| Finger like projections in infundium that guide secondary oocyte into oviduct into uterus? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 layer of tissue? |
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Definition
1. serosa- connective tissue
2. muscularis- peristalsis
3. mucosal epithelium- connective tissue, ciliated columnar (conveyor belt) |
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Term
| Fertilization occurs here? |
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Definition
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Term
| Secondary oocyte is viable for? |
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Definition
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Term
| Fertilized oocyte takes this many days to reach uterus? |
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Definition
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Term
| Fallopian tubes clipped is known as? |
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Definition
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Term
| This is the size and shape of inverted pear? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Menstration, implantation of zygote, development of fetus and labour |
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Term
|
Definition
| Between urinary bladder and rectum |
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Term
| Three layer of uterus are? |
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Definition
1. Perimetruim- anchors in place
2. Myometrium- bulk, three layers smooth muscle
3. Endometrium- highly vascular, stratum functionalis |
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Term
| During ovulation the muscous become this? |
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Definition
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Term
| Fibromuscular canal that is 4 inches long and lined with mucous membrane? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Between urinary bladder and rectum |
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Term
| This types of cells are found in muscosa and act in immunity as antigen presenting cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| Vagina contains large stores of this which decomposes to organic acid and lowers susceptible to infection and sperm? |
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Definition
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Term
| Two layers of vagina are? |
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Definition
1. smooth
2. adventitia (binds adjacent structures) |
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Term
| Thin fold of vascularised muscous member inferior end of vagina? |
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Definition
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Term
| External genitals of female, pudendum? |
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Definition
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Term
| Pad of adipose tissue, course public hair cushions pubic symphysis? |
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Definition
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Term
| fold of skin, homologus to scrotum, adipose tissue, sebacceous glad and sweat glands, pubic hair? |
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Definition
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Term
| 2 small folds, homologus to spongy urethra, no pubic hair or fat? |
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Definition
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Term
| Small cylindrical mass composed of two erectile bodies |
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Definition
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Term
| Covers the clitoris (prepuce of clitoris) |
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Definition
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Term
| Exposed portion, homologous to glans penis both capable of erection and are very sensitive? |
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Definition
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Term
| Region between labia minora, contains hymen, vagina ofrice, paraurethral, bulb of vestibule, greater vestibular? |
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Definition
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Term
| These are modified sweat glands |
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Definition
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Term
| Milk production is stimulated by the releas of this? |
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Definition
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Term
| Milk release is stimulated by? |
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Definition
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Term
| Supensory ligaments (ligaments of cooper) attach this to mammary glands? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Each breast has this many lobes? |
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Definition
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Term
| Average female cycle lasts for this many days? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two cycles of the reproductive cycle? |
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Definition
1. Ovarian cycle- leading to maturation adn release of oocyte
2. uterine (menstruation)Cycle- prepares uterus to receive fertilized egg if not sheds stratum functionalis |
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Term
| FSH initates this growth? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| LH causes this to develops? |
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Definition
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Term
| Mid cycle day 14 LH triggers ovulation and promotes formation of? |
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Definition
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Term
| This stimulates the growth, development, maintenance of female reporductive structures, secondary sex characterics and the breast? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| This is the only hormone not shared by males and females? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Progestrone is secreted by this/ |
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Definition
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Term
| Prepares endometrium for implantation of fertilized ovum and prepares mammary glands for milk secretion? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Progestrone inhib release of GnRH and LH? |
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Definition
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Term
| This inhibits contraction of myometrium (uterus stays still aka quiet) |
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Definition
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|
Term
| 3 phases of female reproductive cycle? |
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Definition
Menstrual phase
Preovulatory phase
Postovulatory phase |
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|
Term
| This takes place during menstrual phase? |
|
Definition
Days 1-5
Stratum functionalis shed |
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|
Term
| This takes place during preovulatory phase? |
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Definition
time between end of medtruation and ovulation
Day 6-13
follicles grow, granulosa cells produce estrogen and progestrone
dominant follicle secretes inhibin
follicles are quickly growing |
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Term
|
Definition
Day 14
Estrogen levels are high
LH weakens wall of follicle
Secondary oocyte released into pelvic cavity |
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Term
| This is the most constant part of the cycle lasting 14 days, causing a slight rise in basal temperature 24 hours before conception |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Mature follicle forms corpus luteum due to LH does this during the post ovulatory phase? |
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Definition
| Progestrone, Estrogen and Relaxin for 2 weeks |
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|
Term
| If zygote implants this is produced? |
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Definition
| Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) which prolongs life of corpus luteum |
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Term
| Second ooycte can be fertilized this long after fertilization? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Sperm is viable in the repo tract for this long? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| There is a _____ window for fertilization |
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Definition
| 3 days (2 ovulation, 1 day after) |
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|
Term
| Sperm swim using muscular contractions of uterus? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Release of granules causing changes in zona pellucida to prevent other sperm from entering? |
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Definition
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