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Pasture Bloat
part of Forages test 3
44
Agriculture
Undergraduate 4
04/22/2017

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Term
One of the risks with grazing forages is...
Definition
bloat
Term
first 2 chambers of stomach in ruminant
Definition
Rumen and reticulum
Term
The gases in the rumen are normally eliminated thru...
Definition
belching
Term
The most common type of bloating
Definition
frothy or soapy bloat
Term
where the foam in frothy or soapy bloat comes from
Definition
protein digestion
Term
why weeds can induce bloating
Definition
Weeds at the vegetative stage have about 20% crude protein; this can induce bloating
Term
Froth in frothy or soapy bloating comes from...
Definition
“Fraction I” or 18S protein
Term
The fraction 1 fraction 2 stuff with proteins is based on...
Definition
sedimentation
Term
RUBISCO
Definition
the enzyme responsible for C3 p’synth
Term
the enzyme responsible for C3 p’synth
Definition
RUBISCO
Term
how RUBISCO can cause bacterial bloom
Definition
The solubility of RUBISCO causes a bacterial bloom
Term
In severe bloat, the ______ is bloated
Definition
rumen

this is ballooning of the rumen
Term
which side of a ruminant does the ballooning?
Definition
left
Term
some things animals do when bloating
Definition
-Urinates and deficates frequently
-Animal bellows and staggers
-Animal eventually dies due to restricted breathing and heart failure
Term
Some plant factors that affect bloat
Definition
-Species
-Stage of grwth
-Grwth rate
-Moisture
Term
some weather factors that affect bloat
Definition
-Moderate day temp: 20-25 C
-Good rainfall
-High sunshine
Term
some animal factors that affect bloat
Definition
-Genetic predisposition
-Hungry when exposed
-Legume sole diet
-No previous exposure
+Animals respond by exposure to species
Term
Hydrolyzable tannins have a ______ core
Definition
glucose
Term
how tannins can mitigate bloat
Definition
Larger amounts of tannins tie up some proteins
Term
Some management practices for preventing bloating
Definition
-Provide animals fiber before turning them loose on the legumes
-Legumes providing no more than 50% of forage
Term
pasture bloat
Definition
Bloat is a digestive disorder characterized by an accumulation of gas in the first two compartments of a ruminant's stomach (the rumen and reticulum)
Term
description of how pasture bloat can occur
Definition
Production of gas (primarily carbon dioxide and methane) is a normal result of fermentation processes. The gas is usually discharged by belching (erutication) but, if the animal is unable to remove the excess gas, pressure builds up in the rumen-reticulum exerting pressure on the diaphragm which prevents the animal from inhaling, and bloat occurs.
Term
gas discharge from ruminants under normal conditions
Definition
Under normal conditions grazing high quality forage – produces 2 L gas/min (primarily carbon dioxide and methane), a normal result of fermentation processes.

Most of the gases are eliminated by eructation (belching).
Term
what causes bloat in ruminants?
Definition
Any interruption of this normal gas elimination results in gas accumulation or bloat
Term
The most common type of bloat
Definition
frothy bloat
Term
frothy bloat
Definition
gas builds up in a foam or froth above the rumen contents and the normal belching is inhibited.
Term
Frothy bloat normally occurs in cattle eating ______ or ______ as well as in ______ cattle
Definition
legumes
lush grasses
feedlot
Term
when froth builds in the rumen
Definition
when ruminants graze many legumes
Term
the froth in bloating comes from...
Definition
“Fraction I” or 18S protein
Term
the protein involved in frothy bloat
Definition
RUBISCO
Term
High solubility of RUBISCO results in...
Definition
a “bacterial bloom” of protein degrading microbes
Term
something that happens to the animal in severe bloat
Definition
-the animal's rumen is distended by ballooning of the rumen,
-Urinates and defecates frequently,
-Bellows and staggers.
-Death, due to restricted breathing and heart failure unless action is taken.
Term
some bloat causing forages
Definition
-Alfalfa
-Sweet clover
-Red clover
-White clover
-Alsike clover
-Winter wheat
Term
some low bloat risk forages
Definition
-Arrowleaf clover
-Spring wheat
-Oats
-Rape
-Peren. ryegrass
-Berseem clover
-Persian clover
Term
some bloat-safe (no risk) forages
Definition
-Sainfoin
-Birdsfoot trefoil
-Cicer milkvetch
-Crownvetch
-Lespedeza
-Cereal rye
-Most peren. grasses
Term
why Cicer milkvetch, Crownvetch, and Lespedeza are poor quality forages
Definition
because they contain certain types of tannins
Term
the nasty tannins
Definition
the ones where there's no glucose to which the phenolic compounds are attached
Term
some management practices to reduce bloat
Definition
-Mixtures of legume and grass with legumes providing no more than 50% of the available forage
-Fill cattle on dry roughage or grass pasture before turning out on a legume pasture.
-Do not initially turn cattle on pasture wet with dew or rain.
-Once cattle are turned to pasture, don't remove at the first signs of bloat. Watch closely and remove only those whose condition continues to worsen if it is a small percentage of the total number.
-If green chop is being fed, spread the intake over several feedings while the cattle are getting adapted.
-Use mineral blocks with
+anti-foaming agent like poloxalene, which prevents pasture bloat for about 12 hours
+bloat-reducing compounds such as ionophores
--Rumensin (monensin)
--Bovatec (Lasalocid)
Term
how to mix forages to reduce bloat
Definition
Mixtures of legume and grass with legumes providing no more than 50% of the available forage
Term
what to give cattle before turning them loose on legumes to reduce bloat
Definition
dry roughage or grass pasture
Term
remove cattle at first sign of bloat?
Definition
no
Term
when to remove bloating cattle from the forage
Definition
if there condition continues to worsen
Term
how to feed greenchop to cattle
Definition
If green chop is being fed, spread the intake over several feedings while the cattle are getting adapted.
Term
Use mineral blocks with...
Definition
-anti-foaming agent like poloxalene, which prevents pasture bloat for about 12 hours
-bloat-reducing compounds such as ionophores
+Rumensin (monensin)
+Bovatec (Lasalocid)
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