Term
| Describe the speed of diffusion into a vacuum |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the speed of diffusion into a liquid |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the speed of diffusion into a gas |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The random motion of small, visible particles |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Particles tend to spread out from... to... |
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Definition
| ...areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration |
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Term
| Describe the bulk properties of a solid |
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Definition
Incompressible
Fixed shape |
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Term
| Describe the bulk properties of a liquid |
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Definition
Incompressible
Take the shape of their container |
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Term
| Describe the bulk properties of a liquid |
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Definition
Compressible
Fill their container |
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Term
| Compare the densities of solids and liquids |
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Definition
| Solids and liquids have similar densities |
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Term
| Compare the densities of liquids and gases |
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Definition
| Liquids are much denser than gases |
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Term
| Compare the densities of solids and gases |
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Definition
| Solids are much denser than gases |
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Term
| Describe the microscopic properties of solids |
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Definition
| The particles in solids are close together and vibrate in fixed positions in a giant structure |
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Term
| Describe the microscopic properties of liquids |
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Definition
| The particles in liquids are close together but can move past each other |
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Term
| Describe the microscopic properties of gases |
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Definition
| The particles in gases are very far apart and move randomly and very fast |
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Term
| How strong are the bonds between particles in a solid |
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Definition
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Term
| How strong are the bonds between particles in a liquid |
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Definition
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Term
| How strong are the bonds between particles in a gas |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a phase of matter |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three main states of matter |
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Definition
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Term
| A change of state from solid to liquid |
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Definition
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Term
| A change of state from liquid to solid |
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Definition
Freezing
Solidification
Fusion |
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Term
| A change of state from liquid to gas |
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Definition
Evaporation
Boiling
Vapourisation |
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Term
| A change of state from solid to gas without a liquid phase |
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Definition
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Term
| A change of state from gas to liquid |
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Definition
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Term
| What particles are found in liquids and gases at everyday temperatures? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What does a submerged object displace? |
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Definition
| It's own volume of liquid |
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Term
| What does a floating object displace? |
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Definition
| It's own weight of liquid |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| For most substances how does the density of the solid state compare to the density of the liquid state? |
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Definition
| Solid state is slightly denser |
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Term
| For water how does the density of the solid state compare to the density of the liquid state? |
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Definition
| Solid state is slightly less dense |
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Term
| What is temperature related to? |
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Definition
| Average speed of particles |
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Term
| What happens to (a) energy in thermal store, (b) temperature when changing state? |
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Definition
(A) changes
(b) doesn't change |
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Term
| What happens to the speed of particles during a change of state? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens to bonds during a change? |
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Definition
| Bonds are broken or formed. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is specific latent heat of fusion? |
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Definition
| Energy transferred when 1 kg of a substance melts or solidifies |
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Term
| What is specific latent heat of vaporisation? |
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Definition
| Energy transferred when 1 kg of a substance boils or condenses |
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Term
| How do specific latent heat of fusion and vaporisation compare? |
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Definition
| Specific latent heat of vaporisation is much larger |
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Term
Heating by radiation:
Light, shiny surfaces are... |
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Definition
Poor absorbers -
Poor emitters -
Reflect a lot - of infra-red radiation |
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Term
Heating by radiation:
Dark, matt surfaces are... |
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Definition
Good absorbers -
Good emitters -
Do not reflect a lot - of infra-red radiation |
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Term
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Definition
| a very large nucleus splits into smaller nuclei |
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Term
| Fission often produces which small particles? |
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Definition
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Term
| A fission chain reaction is caused by... |
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Definition
| Neutrons causing new fission events |
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Term
| Do nuclear power stations use fission or fusion reactions? |
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Definition
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Term
| Does fission or fusion release energy from the nuclear store in stars? |
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Definition
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Term
Complete this sentence:
Radioactive decay is ______.
The behaviour of a large number of nuclei of a radio-isotope is _________. |
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Definition
Radioactive decay is random.
The behaviour of a large number of nuclei of a radio-isotope is predictable. |
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Term
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Definition
| the time it takes for the number of nuclei of an isotope in a sample to fall to half its initial value |
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Term
| What is the difference between radioactive contamination and irradiation? |
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Definition
Contamination is when radioactive material ends up in the wrong place.
Irradiation is when something is exposed to ionising radiation. |
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Term
| In Rutherford (alpha) scattering, most of the alpha particles pass straight through the thin gold film. What does this show? |
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Definition
| Most of an atom is empty space |
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Term
| In Rutherford (alpha) scattering, a few of the alpha particles are deflected through large angles. What does this show? |
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Definition
| Atoms have a very dense, positively-charged nucleus |
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Term
| How far do neutrons travel through air? |
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Definition
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Term
| How far do alpha particles travel through air? |
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Definition
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Term
| How far do beta particles travel through air? |
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Definition
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Term
| How far do gamma rays travel through air? |
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Definition
| An almost infinite distance |
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Term
| What is an alpha particle? |
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Definition
2 protons + 2 neutrons
Same as a helium nucleus |
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Term
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Definition
| a high speed electron from the nucleus |
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Term
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Definition
| part of the electro-magnetic spectrum |
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Term
| What charge is does an alpha particle have? |
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Definition
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Term
| What charge is does an beta particle have? |
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Definition
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Term
| What charge is does a gamma ray have? |
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Definition
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Term
| What charge is does a neutron have? |
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Definition
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Term
Put these in order of ionising power (strongly ionising to weakly ionising):
alpha particles
beta particles
gamma rays
neutrons |
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Definition
Alpha particles
Neutrons
Beta particles
Gamm rays |
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Term
| What would absorb (stop) alpha particles? |
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Definition
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Term
| What would absorb (stop) beta particles? |
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Definition
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Term
| What would absorb (stop) gamma rays? |
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Definition
A few cm of lead
A few metres of concrete |
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Term
| Which ionising radiation is used in smoke detectors? |
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Definition
| Alpha particles (from an Americium-241 source) |
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Term
| Which ionising radiation is mainly used in thickness measurements of continuous rolled materials? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which ionising radiation is used in most radioactive tracers? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which types of ionising radiation are deflected by magnetic fields? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of ionising radiation is most dangerous inside the body? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the capacities of the first 4 electron energy levels in atoms? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Nuclei of the same element but with different numbers of neutrons |
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Term
| Do isotopes of the same element have different chemical properties |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the mass number of an atom? |
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Definition
| The number of protons + neutrons |
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Term
| What is the nucleon number of an atom? |
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Definition
| The number of protons + neutrons |
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Term
| What is the atomic number of an atom? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the general name for protons and neutrons? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the approximate radius of an atom? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the approximate radius of a nucleus? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does the mass of an electron compare to the mass of a proton? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does the mass of a neutron compare to a proton? |
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Definition
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Term
| What charge does a proton have? |
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Definition
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Term
| What charge does an electron have? |
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Definition
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