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Part 4
Exam 4
89
Sociology
Undergraduate 1
11/15/2012

Additional Sociology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Politics
Definition
deals with goverment; those who control government have an opportunity to translate their script preferences into laws and policies
Term
Coercion
Definition
imposing a political script on citizens
Term
Legitimate government
Definition
people agree with the script that defines it
Term
Charismatic authority
Definition
personality of the charismatic leader that compels others to follow
Term
routinization of charisma
Definition
how the qualities of a charismatic leader are preserved
Term
traditional authority
Definition
based upon routinzation of charisma in the past
Term
rational-legal authority
Definition
modern societies that are governed by a constitution
Term
The declaration of independence
Definition
represents a formal challenge and jusitfacation for the revolutionary war
Term
bill of rights
Definition
a master script or "rational-legal foundation for goverment"

represents the first ten amendments of the constitution
Term
Supreme court of the US
Definition
decides on the constitionality of laws passed by Congress
Term
Original intent
Definition
doctrine that some believe should be used by Supreme Court Justices when deciding cases
Term
interpretative latitude
Definition
Supreme court can approve or reject virtually any Act of Congress, Executive Order, or regulation, because all justices have lifetime appointment
Term
Economic scripts
Definition
determine how goods and services are produced, distributed, and consumed in a society
Term
Politics
Definition
deals with goverment; those who control government have an opportunity to translate their script preferences into laws and policies
Term
Coercion
Definition
imposing a political script on citizens
Term
Legitimate government
Definition
people agree with the script that defines it
Term
Charismatic authority
Definition
personality of the charismatic leader that compels others to follow
Term
routinization of charisma
Definition
how the qualities of a charismatic leader are preserved
Term
traditional authority
Definition
based upon routinzation of charisma in the past
Term
rational-legal authority
Definition
modern societies that are governed by a constitution
Term
The declaration of independence
Definition
represents a formal challenge and jusitfacation for the revolutionary war
Term
bill of rights
Definition
a master script or "rational-legal foundation for goverment"

represents the first ten amendments of the constitution
Term
Supreme court of the US
Definition
decides on the constitionality of laws passed by Congress
Term
Original intent
Definition
doctrine that some believe should be used by Supreme Court Justices when deciding cases
Term
interpretative latitude
Definition
Supreme court can approve or reject virtually any Act of Congress, Executive Order, or regulation, because all justices have lifetime appointment
Term
Economic scripts
Definition
determine how goods and services are produced, distributed, and consumed in a society
Term
Production scripts
Definition
division of labor in a society
Term
Distribution scripts
Definition
cover how many products and services are made available to customers.
Term
Consumption scripts
Definition
who has access to the goods and services in a society
Term
political economy
Definition
the intersection between economic and political scripts in societies
Term
Ideal types
Definition
exaggerate certain characteristics that may not be fully replicated in actual situations

helpful when making comparisons
Term
Capitalist political economic script
Definition
the government that governs the least governs the best
Term
Socialist political economic script
Definition
the best government is one that provides the greatest good for the greatest numbers
Term
Laissez-faire
Definition
the script for minimal involvement in soci ety by the goverment
Term
Monopoly
Definition
One company controls an entire market
Term
Shared monopoly
Definition
four or fewer companies control more than 50% of the market

Common in the US
Term
coherent agreed upon script
Definition
values and beliefs that are consistent
Term
value
Definition
generalized principle or standard of judgement that influences the behavioral preferences in a social script
Term
Value contradictions
Definition
cause complexities that undermine stability in social relationships
Term
Secular (religion)
Definition
religion should be confined to the personal lives of people and not be allowed to intrude upon goverment
Term
Sacred (religion)
Definition
religion should permeate all aspects of life, including government
Term
Patriot
Definition
someone who is willing to sacrifice their personal interests for the greater good of the society
Term
Hedonism
Definition
the pursuit of pleasure should be the measure of all morality.
Term
Personal Hendonism
Definition
Hedonism as an individual right
Term
Collective hedonism
Definition
Hedonism focused on collectivity
(hedonistic calculus)
Term
Hendonisic calculus
Definition
principle that states that the best society is one that creates the greatest pleasure for the greatest numbers
Term
Value cluster
Definition
set of values held by people
Term
Materialism
Definition
preoccupation with possessing expensive items such as clothes, cars, and houses
Term
Self-fulfillment
Definition
engaging in activities that are intrinsically valuable
Term
Conspicuous consumption
Definition
lavish display of wealth through the possession of valued goods
(houses, cars, clothes)
Term
Conformity
Definition
someone complies with a behavioral preference contained within a social script
Term
Deviance
Definition
someone violates a behavioral preference contained within a social script
Term
Autonomy
Definition
capacity to function independently from others
(opposite of dependence)
Term
Anonymity
Definition
people and their activities when confronted by management
Term
Inherently deviant
Definition
no act is universally condemned
Term
Labeling theory
Definition
focuses on how moral entrepreneurs
Term
Medicalization of deviance
Definition
moral entrepreneurs attach a medical label to deviant acts
Term
Medical labels
Definition
a behavior is sick or unhealthy are meant to demean, discredit, and stigmatize a behavior
Term
sociopath
Definition
someone completely without a conscience
Term
Healthy behavior
Definition
behavior that conforms to the script that a moral entrepreneur favors
Term
Social organization
Definition
a single agreed upon social script coordinates the activities of people within a society
Term
Community policing
Definition
providing more personal contact with cops. Cops get to know families more personally
Term
Techniques of neutralization
Definition
Behavioral rationalizations that a deviant subculture provides to help its members overcome socialization into mainstream values
Term
Inoculation theory
Definition
offers insight into how techniques of neutralization can be countered
Term
Innovation
Definition
people use unacceptable means in pursuit of a culturally acceptable goal
Term
Rebellion
Definition
deviants who reject a culturally legitimate goal
Term
Retreatism
Definition
dropout version of rebellion

People who buy into cultural goals and the means for attaining them, but change their mind.
Term
Ritualism
Definition
People in an organization become obsessed with rules
Term
Blocked opportunities
Definition
situations where people are denied access to opportunity structures within a society
Term
conflict subculture
Definition
violence results form blocked opportunities
Term
criminal subculture
Definition
response to blocked opportunities that encourages property crimes
(ex. Stealing)
Term
retreatist subculture
Definition
people resort to substance abuse as a response to denied opportunities.
Term
Primary deviance
Definition
an initial behavior that violates societal norms
Term
Secondary deviance
Definition
a deviant label causes someone to engage in future acts of deviance
Term
Deviant career
Definition
Someone who develops self-identity based upon being labeled deviant by others.
Term
Deviant identity
Definition
What causes a devaint career to unfold
Term
Culture of poverty
Definition
Alleged attitudes that are seen as causing people to be poor.
Term
Laws
Definition
behavioral preferences officially endorsed by the goverment
Term
Crime
Definition
act that violates a law
Term
Civil law
Definition
offense against an individual
Term
White-collar crimes
Definition
illegal activities of people in higher-prestige jobs for personal gain
Term
criminal act
Definition
behavior that violates a behavioral preference that has been endorsed by the state
Term
Organized crime
Definition
coordination of criminal activities that provide illegal goods and services to customers
Term
Blue-collar crime
Definition
workers conduct crime on job for personal gain
Term
Patriotic crimes
Definition
committed by government officails in pursuit of what is defined as national interests
Term
Status crimes
Definition
activities only illegal to minors
Term
Custody
Definition
no choice but to go with the Police
Term
Police discretion
Definition
the latitude of officers have in applying the law
Term
Blue line
Definition
unofficial police script
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