Term
| 2 qualitatively different systems of information storage in humans |
|
Definition
| declarative memory & nondeclarative memory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the storage & retrieval of material that is available to consciousness & can in principle be expressed by language (i.e. "declared") |
|
|
Term
| nondeclarative memory (AKA procedural memory) |
|
Definition
| not available to the consciousness, at least not in any detail |
|
|
Term
| Would the words to a song be in your declarative or nondeclarative memory? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Would the physical memory of how to sing a song be in your declarative or nondeclarative memory? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In addition to the types of memory defined by the nature of what is remembered, memory can also be categorized according to the _____ |
|
Definition
| time over which it is effective |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the first class of temporal classes of memory; the routine ability to hold ongoing experiences in mind for fractions of a second |
|
|
Term
| Is the capacity for the immediate memory very large or very small? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| working memory (AKA short-term memory) |
|
Definition
| the second temporal category; the ability to hold & manipulate information in mind for seconds to minutes while it is used to achieve a particular goal |
|
|
Term
| How long is the normal digit-memory span? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the third temporal category; entails retaining information in a more permanent form of storage for days, weeks, or even a lifetime |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the physical embodiment of any memory in neuronal machinery; depends on changes in the efficacy of synaptic connections and/or the actual growth & reordering of such connections |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the way in which immediate & short-term memories are gradually encoded as long-term memories |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| one approach to exploring the continual transfer of information from immediate to short-term memory to long-term memory; a change in the processing of a stimulus due to a previous encounter with the same or a related stimulus with or without conscious awareness of the original encounter |
|
|
Term
| To what three factors is priming resistant? |
|
Definition
| brain injury, aging, & dementia |
|
|
Term
| How reliable is information stored in priming? |
|
Definition
| not particularly reliable |
|
|
Term
| The strategy of _____ is used by professional "mnemonists" who amaze audiences by prodigious feat of memory |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The capacity to remember something can be increased if the information being remembered is given _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the generation of a novel response that is gradually elicited by repeatedly pairing a novel stimulus with a stimulus that normally elicits the response being studied |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occurs when an innate reflex is modified by associating its normal triggering stimulus with an unrelated stimulus; by virtue of the repeated association, the unrelated stimulus eventually triggers the original response |
|
|
Term
| What is the most famous example of classical conditioning? |
|
Definition
| Pavlov's dogs (bell & food used to have bell alone elicit salivation) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the altered probability of a behavioral response engendered by associating the response with a reward or punishment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| if the conditioned animal performs the desired response but the reward is no longer provided, the conditioning gradually disappears |
|
|
Term
| What happens to unused or unrehearsed memories? |
|
Definition
| they are forgotten over time |
|
|
Term
| superior autobiographical memory |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What did the psychological subject "S" & Marilu Henner have? |
|
Definition
| superior autobiographical memory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a pathological cause of memory loss |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an inability to establish new memories following neurological insult |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| difficulty retrieving memories established prior to the precipitating neuropathology |
|
|
Term
| Is long-term storage of declarative information in the brain stored in the midline diencephalic & medial temporal lobe structures that are affected in anterograde amnesia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any degradation in learning & memory depends on the amount of cortex destroyed; Lashley |
|
|
Term
| Where are long-term declarative memories widely stored? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Are declarative & non-declarative memories stored together? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What decreases in human brains as we age? |
|
Definition
| the connections (synapses) between neurons |
|
|
