Term
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Definition
| the relatively unspecialized nerve cell endings that initiate the sensation of pain |
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Term
| What are the two groups that axons conveying information about pain can fall into? |
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Definition
1. Alpha delta group
2. C fiber group |
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Term
| two general categories of pain perception |
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Definition
1. first pain
2. second pain |
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Term
| ASIC family is an acronym for _____ |
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Definition
| acid sensing ion channels |
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Term
| dorsolateral tract of Lissauer |
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Definition
| formed by the centrally projecting axons of the nociceptive nerve cells when they branch into ascending & descending collaterals upon reaching the dorsal horn of the spinal cord |
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Term
| wide-dynamic-range neurons |
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Definition
| a subset of lamina 5 neurons that receive converging inputs from nociceptive & non-nociceptive afferents; multimodal |
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Term
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Definition
| the neural pathway that conveys pain & temperature information to higher centers; named because the axons of the second-order neurons in laminae 1 & 5 of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord cross the midline & ascend to the brainstem & thalamus in the anterolateral quadrant of the contralateral half of the spinal cord |
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Term
| A unilateral spinal cord lesion results in dorsal column-medial lemniscal symptoms on the side of the body _____ to the lesion, and anterolateral symptoms on the _____ side of the body |
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Definition
| ipsilateral; contralateral |
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Term
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Definition
| contralateral pain & temperature loss, ipsilateral touch & pressure loss; signature of spinal cord lesions; can be used to define the level of a lesion |
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Term
| 3 sensory-discriminative aspects of pain |
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Definition
1. location
2. intensity
3. quality |
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Term
| 3 affective-motivational aspects of pain |
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Definition
1. unpleasant feeling
2. fear & anxiety
3. autonomic activation of fight or flight |
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Term
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Definition
| the broad array of areas of the brain whose activity is associated with the experience of pain; somatosensory cortex, insular cortex, amygdala, & anterior cingulate cortex |
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Term
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Definition
| lamina 1 system functions as the sensory input to a network that is responsible for representing the physiological condition of the body; distinct from exteroception & proprioception |
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Term
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Definition
| touch & pressure; distinct from interoception & proprioception |
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Term
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Definition
| a phenomenon in which stimuli in the area of an injury that would ordinarily be perceived as slightly painful are perceived as significantly more so |
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Term
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Definition
| results from the interaction of nociceptors with the inflammatory soup of substances released when tissue is damaged |
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Term
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Definition
| an immediate-onset, activity-dependent increase in the excitability of neurons in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord following high levels of activity in the nociceptive afferents |
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Term
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Definition
| the induction of pain by a normally innocuous stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
| a chronic, intensely painful experience that is difficult to treat with conventional analgesic medications; occurs when the afferent fibers or central pathways themselves are damaged; persisting of sensitization induced by peripheral & central mechanisms |
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Term
| Henry Beecher's contribution to the understanding of the interpretation of pain |
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Definition
| the perception of pain depends on its context (i.e. the pain of an injured soldier on the battlefield would be mitigated by the imagined benefits of being removed from danger, whereas the same injury in a domestic setting would present circumstances that would exacerbate the pain) |
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Term
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Definition
| a physiological response following the administration of a pharmalogically inert "remedy" |
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Term
| 3 major groups of endogenous opioid peptides |
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Definition
1. enkephalines
2. endorphins
3. dynorphins |
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Term
| Where are all three of the major groups of endogenous opioid peptides present? |
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Definition
| periaqueductal gray matter |
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Term
| What led to the discovery of endocannabinoids? |
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Definition
| the analgesic effects of marijuana |
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Term
| The actions of endocannabinoids are thought to _____ the release of neurotransmitters such as GABA & glutamate, thus modulating neuronal excitability |
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Definition
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