Term
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Definition
| The study of how cells, tissues, organs, organ systems and organisms function |
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Term
| What is emphasized in Physiology? |
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Definition
| Cause and Effect mechanisms |
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Term
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Definition
| The study of how physiology is altered in injury and disease |
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Term
| What is Comparative Physiology? |
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Definition
| The study of physiological processes in various organisms such as invertebrates and vertebrates |
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Term
| What is plant physiology? |
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Definition
| The study of the physiology of plants |
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Term
| Science is a process. What process is used? |
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Definition
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Term
| Although there are many techniques involved in applying the scientific method, all share what three attributes? |
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Definition
1. Confidence the natural world is ultimately explainable
2. Honest conduction and communication of research and results.
3. Humility that you can possibly be wrong. |
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Term
| Within science there is a base of knowledge. What are the two general categories within this base? |
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Definition
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Term
| Within science, what is a testable prediction? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the key characteristic of a hypothesis within science? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the key characteristic of the data used within science? |
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Definition
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Term
| How are the results of scientific research formally communicated? |
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Definition
| Within Peer-reviewed Journals |
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Term
| What are scientific theories? |
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Definition
| structures of ideas that explain and interpret the facts |
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Term
| What is the maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment within an organism through dynamic means? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of mechanisms most commonly helps to maintain the internal environment of an organism? |
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Definition
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Term
| A factor in homeostasis is maintained around what general constant? |
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Definition
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Term
| What component of negative feedback loop detects changes in a factor in homeostasis? |
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Definition
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Term
| Within a negative feedback loops, sensors relay information to what part of a loop? |
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Definition
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Term
| Within a negative feedback loop, what component is immediately responsible for affecting the factor undergoing a change? |
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Definition
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Term
| What adjective describes effectors with opposite impacts on a physiological factor? |
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Definition
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Term
| What adjective means of, relating to, or involving the measurement of quantity or amount? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of mechanism amplifies the change in a physiological factor? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of mechanism is built into the structure which it effects? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of mechanism is outside of the structure it effects? |
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Definition
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Term
| What regulatory system within the body secretes hormones? |
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Definition
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Term
| What regulatory mechanism within the body produces electrochemical impulses? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 4 primary tissue types? |
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Definition
| Epithelial, Nervous, Muscular, & Connective |
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Term
| What are the 3 types of muscle tissue? |
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Definition
| Skeletal, Cardiac and Smooth |
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Term
| What primary tissue type is specialized for contraction? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of muscle is non striated? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of muscle is striated and branched? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of muscle is striated and multinucleated? |
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Definition
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Term
| Within nervous tissue, what type of cells generate and conduct impulses? |
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Definition
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Term
| Within nervous tissue, what type of cells support and maintain neurons? |
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Definition
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Term
| What part of the neuron holds the nucleus? |
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Definition
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Term
| What part of a neuron receives input from other cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| What part of a neuron conducts impulses away from the cell body? |
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Definition
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Term
| What primary tissue type acts as a covering or lining of the bodies surface and cavities and also forms many of the bodies glands? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of epithelium acts as a lining or covering for the body's cavities and surface? |
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Definition
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Term
| Glands consist of what type of epithelium? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of glands secrete their product onto an epithelial surface? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of glands secrete their product directly into the blood? |
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Definition
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Term
| What two factors are used to classify membranous epithelium? |
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Definition
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Term
| What adjectives describes flat epithelial cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| What adjective describes cube-shaped epithelial cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| What adjective describes epithelial cells that are longer than they are wide? |
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Definition
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Term
| What adjective describes epithelium that consists of a single layer of cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| What adjective describes epithelium that consists of several layers of cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of membranous epithelium is specialized for protection? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of membranous epithelium is specialized for movement of substances across them? |
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Definition
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Term
| What unicellular glands produce mucus? |
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Definition
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Term
| What protein is found in epithelium exposed to the outside of the body? |
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Definition
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Term
| What term refers to membranous epithelium lacking keratin? |
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Definition
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Term
| Structures that join membranous epithelium tightly together are collectively known as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the layer of proteins and polysaccharides that attach membranous epithelium to the underlying connective tissue? |
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Definition
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Term
| What primary tissue type supports other tissues both physically and physiologically and also protects and binds other tissues? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three principle types of connective tissue? |
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Definition
Connective Tissue Proper
Supporting Connective Tissue
Fluid connective tissue |
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Term
| What are the two broad categories of connective tissue proper? |
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Definition
Loose Connective Tissue
Dense Connective Tissue |
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Term
| What type of loose connective tissue surrounds nerves, blood vessels, and individual muscle cells? |
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Definition
| Areolar Connective tissue |
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Term
| This type of tissue forms shiny layers of binding tissue commonly known as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of loose connective tissue is commonly know as fat? |
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Definition
| Adipose Connective Tissue |
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Term
| What type of connective tissue forms a mesh-work that acts as a structural framework for organs such as the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes? |
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Definition
| Reticular Connective Tissue |
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Term
| What are the 3 types of dense connective tissue? |
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Definition
Dense Regular Connective Tissue
Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
Elastic Connective Tissue |
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Term
| what type of dense connective tissue is composed of densely packed, parallel collagen fiber? |
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Definition
| Dense regular connective tissue |
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Term
| Where is dense regular connective tissue found? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of dense connective tissue is composed of collagen fibers extending in all directions? |
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Definition
| Dense irregular connective tissue |
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Term
| Where is dense irregular connective tissue found? |
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Definition
| Deep portion of the dermis, perichondrium, Periosteum, Fibrous capsules around organs |
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Term
| What kind of dense connective tissue contains elastic tissue? |
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Definition
| Elastic Connective tissue |
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Term
| What are the two types of supporting connective tissue? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the two types of supporting connective tissue is more flexible and found where the body needs support and must withstand deformation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of connective tissue is composed of 1/3 organic components and 2/3 calcium salts? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of bone forms a latticework inside of individual bones? |
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Definition
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Term
| There are two forms of bone. Which is solid and forms the outer shell of an individual bone? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the fluid connective tissue? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are anatomical structures composed of at least two of the primary tissue types and performing specific functions? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the outer layer of the skin? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the deep layer of skin? |
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Definition
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Term
| What tissue layer lies just deep to the skin? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are undifferentiated cells that have the potential to develop into a variety of tissue types? |
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Definition
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Term
| What adjective describes cells that can produce all the different specialized cells in the body? |
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Definition
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Term
| What adjective describes the ability of adult stem cells to form a variety of related cell types? |
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Definition
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Term
| What adjective describes the ability of embryonic stem cells to form unrelated cell types? |
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Definition
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Term
| What level of organization deals with organs working together to achieve a common function? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two main aqueous compartments within the body? |
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Definition
| Intracellular & Extracellular |
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Term
| What are the two subdivisions of the extracellular compartment? |
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Definition
| blood and tissue (interstitial) fluid |
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Term
| What are the smallest units of chemical elements? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the center of an atom? |
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Definition
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Term
| Within the nucleus of an atom, what are the positive particles? |
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Definition
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Term
| Within the nucleus of an atom, what are the particles which do not carry a charge? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the number of Protons and Neutrons with the nucleus of an atom? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the number of protons within an atom? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the negatively charged particles within an atom? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where do electrons occur within an atom? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are isotopes which are unstable and decay to different isotopes or elements? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the interactions between atoms which form molecules? |
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Definition
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Term
| Within what type of chemical bonds are electrons shared between atoms? |
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Definition
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Term
| Within what type of covalent bonds are electrons shared equally? |
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Definition
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Term
| Within what type of covalent bonds are atoms*electrons* check shared unequally? |
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Definition
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Term
| Within what type of chemical bond are electrons completely transferred from one atom to another? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are atoms that have completely lost or gained electrons? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are positively charged ions? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are negatively charged ions? |
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Definition
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Term
| What adjective describes molecules that are attached to water? |
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Definition
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Term
| What adjective describes molecules that are repelled by water? |
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Definition
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Term
| Within what type of bond is a partially positive hydrogen atom attracted to a partially negative atom? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of bond occurs within a water molecule? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of chemical bond occurs between water molecules? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a substance that releases hydrogen ions into solution? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a substance that releases or increase hydroxyl ions in solution? |
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Definition
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Term
| What adjective describes a solution that has a higher concentration of hydrogen ions than water? |
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Definition
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Term
| What adjective describes a solution that has a lower concentration of hydrogen ions in solution? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a scale that represents the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the formula for pH? |
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Definition
The Log of 1 over the concentration of hydrogen ions
pH= 1
[H+] |
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Term
| What is the range of pH if it's acidic? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the range of the pH if it's neutral? |
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Definition
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Term
| What range of pH is it if it's basic? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a system of molecules and ions that act to prevent a change in pH? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What condition occurs if the pH of blood falls below 7.35? |
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Definition
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Term
| What condition occurs if the pH of blood rises above 7.45? |
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Definition
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