Sulfonamides

Action (1):

Sulfonamides

Uses (2): 

-UTI

-Topical agent for 2nd & 3rd degree burns

Sulfonamides

Adverse Reactions (7):

1. Loss of appetite
2. Pruritis (itching)
3. N/V/D
4. Abx pain
5. stomatitis (inflammation of mucuos lining)
6. Rash
7. Steven Johnson Syndrome

**Encourage small freq meals

Sulfonamides

Contraindications (3):

1. PG/lactation
2. Renal/hepatic impairment (look @ urine output)
3. Children under age 2

Sulfonamides

Interactions (2):

1. If given w/ anticoags it can increase bleeding time 
2. Risk for hypoglycemic Rx if given with oral hypoglycemic meds

Less effective due to microorganisms developing drug resistant strains

1. Bactericidal
2. Bacteriostatic 

Penicillins

Uses (8):

1. UTI
2. septicemia-bacteremia that occurs w/ infections
3. meningitis-brain/spinal cord covered by infection
4. intra-abdominal infections
5. gonorrhea
6. syphilis
7. pneumonia
8. resp infections

Penicllins

Adverse Rx (8):

1. N/V/D
2. sore mouth
3. pain @ injection site
4. super infections
5. anaphylactic shock
6. anemia
7. thrombocytopenia
8. Stomatitis

Penicllins

S&S of Anaphylactic Shock (4):

1. Hypotension
2. LOC
3. Acute resp distress- wheezing, urticaria, pruritus
4. can be fatal if not treated STAT

Penicillins

Contraindications (1):

-Hx of hypersensitivity to penicllin or the cephalosporins.

**Cephalosproins kill bacteria & prevent their growth**

Penicillins:

Precautions (4):

1. renal disease
2. PG/lactation
3. bleeding disorders
4. GI disease

Penicillins

Interactions (4):

1. Decreases the effectiveness of birth control pills containing estrogen
2. Decreases effectiveness when given w/ tetracycline
3. Increases bleeding risk w/ use of anticoags
4. Give 1 hour before or 2 hours after a meal!!

Cephalosporins

Uses (5):

1. Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis
2. Otitits media
3. Lower resp infections
4. UTI
5. Gonorrhea 

Cephalosporins

Adverse Rx (7):

1. Most common: GI disturbances
2. Skin rashes
3. hypersensitive reaction: urticaria (hives)
4. Stevens Johnsons
5. live/renal dysfunction
6. Anemia
7. Nephrotoxicity 

Cephalosporins

Precautions (3):

1. Renal/hepatic impairment
2. Bleeding disorders
3. PG/lactation

Cephalosporins

Interactions (6):

1. Nephrotoxicity increases if taken w/ aminoglycosides.
2. Bleeding increases when taken w/ anticoags
3. Alcohol when consumed w/in 72 Hrs after
4. Cephalosporins administered: flushing, throbbing in head/neck, dyspnea, vomiting, sweating, chest pain, & hypotension
5. Don't give to children under the age of 12!!
6. Toxic reaction when given w/ phenothiazines.

Tetracyclines

Type (1):

Tetracycline

Actions (2):

1. protein synthesis inhibitor: A process necessary for reproduction of the microorganism 
2. Bacteriostatic

Tetracycline

Uses (3):

1. Infections caused by gram negative & gram positive organisms
2. Used when PCN is contraindicated w/ intestinal amebiasis & some skin and soft tissue infections
3. Urethra endocervical or rectal infections

Tetracycline

Adverse Rx (5):

1. N/V/D
2. Stomatitis-infection of mucus lining
3. Sore throat
4. Photosensitivity reaction-Sunburn
5. Causes permanent yellow gray brown discoloration of teeth.

Tetracycline

Contraindications (3):

1. PG/Lactation: Toxic effects to fetus
2. Dont give to children under age 9!!

Tetracyclines

Precautions (3):

1. Pts w/ renal function impairment
2. Doses greater than 2g can be damaging to the liver
3. Check expiration date before giving: If degradation of the drug occurs, drug becomes toxic to kidneys: Especially in elders!

Tetracyclines

Interactions (4):

1. Antacids
2. oral anticoag
3. High Ca foods
4. Oral contraceptives decrease effects