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Definition
| merchant, shopkeeper; limited and smallscale |
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| (1) el hombre de negocios |
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Definition
| businessman; broad in meaning, can encompass a range of moneymaking activities |
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| businesswoman; becoming more common (as with hombre, broad meaning) |
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| businessman, businesswoman; sometimes has negative connotations because it may suggest an overeagerness to earn money or a lack of integrity |
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| (1) el (la) empresario(a) |
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Definition
| businessman, businesswoman; at the ownership or managerial level of a substantial or important enterprise |
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Definition
| merchant; found mostly in written Spanish as a synonym of other business terms, used in spoken Spanish for itinerant sellers or peddlers of inexpenisve merchandise |
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Definition
| dealer, trader; someone who buys and sells a specific product, especially when such an activity is shady, illegal, or questionable |
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| bandit; someone who is part of a band and assaults victims along highways or in remote places |
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| thief, robber; most common term for someon who steals property, usually through stealth or cunning, rather than by force |
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Term
| (2) el ratero, carterista |
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Definition
| pickpocket; steals “carteras” (wallets) |
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Term
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Definition
| crime, morder; grave crimes such as morder or rape, although may also indicate crime in a general sense (more general – “delito”) |
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| crime; general – misdemeanors and some felonies |
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| robbery, holdup; always implies armed robbery or holdup |
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Term
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Definition
| to hold up, rob; always implies armed robbery or holdup |
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Definition
| robbery, theft; denotes taking another person’s property, directly or indirectly. Meaning ncludes burglary and burglarize. |
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Definition
| mugging, attack; always implies the use of a weapon |
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Term
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Definition
| to mug, attach, assault; always implies the use of a weapon |
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Definition
| theft, thievery; (synonym: robo) preferred when stealth is suggested and the objects taken are of relatively little value |
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Definition
| to steal, swipe, filch; (synonym: robar) preferred when stealth is suggested and the objects taken are of relatively little value |
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Definition
| ring; normally worn on a finger, simple in design |
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Definition
| ring; of larger size, but has a practical function |
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| ring; (synonym: anillo), indicates more elaborate design or decorated with precious or paste stones |
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Definition
| hoop, ring; larger metal ring or hoop such as tose used for making wooden barrels or, if made of plastic, used in children’s games |
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Definition
| ring; heavy metal ring to which things or animals are tied down to with rope |
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Term
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Definition
| disciple, pupil, student; one who follows and promulgates what has been learned from a teacher, or suggests an affective relationship between teacher and student |
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| (4) el (la) condiscípulo(a) |
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Definition
| fellow student; stresses a shared learning experience, similar in meaning to compañero de clase |
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Term
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Definition
| student; may refer to anyone who studies, whether independently or in any institution of learning. In colloquial speech in Spain, la estudianta is often heard instead of the standard form la estudiante |
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Term
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Definition
| pupil (at a school), student (at a university, etc.); stresses the belonging of a pupil or student to some institution or else a non-affective affiliation with a teacher or professor, implies no particular age level |
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Definition
| schoolboy(girl); false cognate of English “acholar” (normally erudito), instead it indicates someone who attends a primary school |
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Definition
| schoolboy(girl); indicates someone who goes to a “colegio”, a school for elementary or middle school students |
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Definition
| to devastate, destroy, level; completely destroy and leave leveled, (synonynm: arrasar) |
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Definition
| to demolish, destroy, raze; emphasizes the deliberate flattening or razing aspect, (synonynm: asolar) |
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Definition
| to annihilate, destroy; destruction so powerful that even the remains normally resulting from the destruction have disappeared |
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| to destroy; most common, can be used in almost any context (synonym: destrozar) |
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| to destroy; common, may replace destruir to emphasize that something is broken or smashed into many pieces or left totally useless |
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| chair, saddle; basic piece of furniture meant for sitting, root word for other chairs created for a specific purpose, such as silla eléctrica (electric chair), or silla macedora (rocking chair) |
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| armchair, easy chair, seat (in theatre, etc.); chair with arms, but normally also with upholstery or padding |
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| easy chair, armchair; less frequently used synonym of butaca, may stress the large size or sofá, commodious nature of the armchair |
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Definition
| seat; sometimos used as a synonym of silla, but most often it refers to the specific part of a chair or bench, or other place where one’s body rests when sitting |
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Definition
| to run, manage, to govern; activities within a household, also to govern in a standard political sense |
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Definition
| to run, govern, manage, control; politically, but used mostly in more abstract concepts: scientific, philosophical, political, moral, etc. |
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Definition
| to direct, manage, run; mainly things that are conrete or specific: a school, a csontruction job, a business enterprise |
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Term
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| act, action; activity that is carried out, roughly synonymous with “el hecho” (deed or act), also indicates the major divisions of most theatrical plays as well as public or solemn ceremonial events |
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Definition
| act, deed, action; (synonym: acto), preferred when ethical judgment or qualification are also suggested |
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Term
| (8) el acta (fem.), las actas (pl.) |
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Definition
| (official) record, proceedings, minutes; always indicates some kind of written record, or an official or certifying nature, regarding what has transpired, been discussed, or agreed to, etc., (should not be confused with acto), common in both singular and plural – English translation equivalents vary considerably |
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Term
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Definition
| to spend, to pass, go by; only one that can be used both intransitively or with a direct object indicative of time, in which case it is rendered by the English “to spend” In other instances, close synonym with transcurrir |
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Definition
| to pass, go by; often accompanied by an indication of the manner in which something happened |
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| to elipse, to pass, to intervene; indicates the lapse of time between two events |
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| to run, to go by (quickly); suggests a quicker passage of time and its use is somewhat literary |
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Definition
| quality, trait; (synonym: característica) |
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Term
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Definition
| carácter, quality; (synonyms: cualidad, atributo) but denotes both positve and negative traits |
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Definition
| attribute, characteristic, trait; refers only to positive ones, indicates inherent traits as well as ascribed ones |
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| feature, trait; another synonym, used for physical traits and facial features |
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| quality; carries an implicit judgment about the comparative superiorita or inferiotity of whatever is being considered |
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| quantity; only word that exists for English translation |
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| to lack, to not have; used in third person and preceded by a direct object is of higher frequency use while carecer is both more literary and common in written Spanish (other synonym: necesitar) |
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| to need; (synonym: faltar) |
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| to be scarce, be in meager supply; suggest existence, but of insufficient amount |
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| punctual, precise, detailed, reliable; like English cognate - arriving or doing things at exactly the appointed time, but has other meanings such as being reliably precise or exact in nature or very complete in detail, (antonym: informal) |
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Definition
| to specify, to detail shares the meanings of punctual |
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Definition
| unreliable, untrustworthy, imprecise; (antonym: punctual), unassuming, unceremonious |
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Term
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Definition
| to resign, quit; broader meaning than dimitir, for it jeans to give up voluntarily a job, position, or anything else one has a legal right to possess, followed by the preposition “a” when the thing given up is specified |
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Term
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Definition
| to resign; always indicates quitting a job or position, especially when some formal or official notification is involved (otherwise: dejar or abandoner) |
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| to resign oneself to; not to be confused with other verbs for quitting jobs, it implies a passive acceptance of something that is inevitable or that one is unable to change |
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Term
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Definition
| bribe; from “morder” (to bite), refers to the money offered as a bribe, especially when smaller amounts are envolved, less frequent in Spain but common in parts of Spanish America |
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Definition
| bribe(ry); generally used word |
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| briber(ry); preferred term when referring to a bribe offered to a public official such as a judge |
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Definition
| to bribe; implies to buy someone’s silence by covering his or her mouth with money |
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| to bribe; refers to officials |
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