Term
The Endocrine system is a communication system.
Nervous system = electrical communication
Endocrine system = ________________ communication |
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Definition
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Term
| The Endocrine systems maintains homeostasis via __________________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Decreased cellular sensitivity to a hormone, likely the result of a decreased number of cell receptors available to bind with the hormone is known as _______________________. |
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Definition
| downregulation or desensitization |
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Term
| An increased cellular sensitivity to a hormone, often caused by increased hormone receptors is known as _______________________. |
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Definition
| upregulation or sensitization |
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Term
Which type of hormone is best described as:
Formed from cholesterol
Lipid soluble
Capable of direct gene activation
Receptors are in the cytoplasm or in the nucleus
mRNA activation promotes protein synthesis |
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Definition
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Term
Which type of hormone is best described as:
Protein or peptide and amino acid-derived
Not lipid soluble
Triggers a series of intracellular events through second messenger systems, cAMP |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 4 glands which release hormones that affect metabolism of carbohydrate and fat during exercise. |
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Definition
Anterior pituitary gland
Thyroid gland
Adrenal gland
Pancreas |
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Term
| Which gland secretes hormones in response to hypothalamic hormone factors? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which gland releases growth hormone (GH) that is proportion to exercise intensity? |
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Definition
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Term
| The anterior pituitary releases thyrtropin, also called thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), that travels to the thyroid, stimulating __________________ and _________________. |
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Definition
Trilodothyronine (T3) and
Thyroxine (T4) |
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Term
| The adrenal medulla produces and releases two hormones, epinephrine and norepinephrine, which are collectively referred to as _______________________________. |
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Definition
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Term
True or False
Increased exercise leads to an increase in sympathetic nervous system which increases epinephrine and norepinephrine |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the major glucocorticoid that is released by the adrenal cortex? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 2 hormones are secreted from the pancreas? |
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Definition
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Term
True or False
Glucagon raises blood glucose |
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Definition
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Term
| Adequate glucose during exercise requires glucose release by the _________________ and glucose uptake by ________________. |
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Definition
release: liver
uptake: muscle |
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Term
| What are the 4 hormones the increase circulating glucose? |
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Definition
Glucagon
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
Cortisol |
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Term
As exercise intensity increases -
A - Catecholamine release increase
B - Glycogenolysis rate decreses (liver, muscles)
C - Muscle glycogen used before liver glycogen
D - Both A & C
E - All of the above |
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Definition
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Term
As exercise duration increases -
A - More liver glycogen utilized
B - Increase in muscle glucose uptake --> increase in liver glucose release
C - As glycogen stores decrease, glucagon levels increase
D - Both B & C
E - All of the above |
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Definition
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Term
True or False
FFA mobilization and fat metabolism is critical to endurance exercise performance. |
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Definition
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Term
| FFA are stored as triglycerides where? |
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Definition
| Adipose tissue and within muscle fibers |
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Term
During exercise plasma volume decreases causing -
A - Increase in heart strain and a decrease in blood pressure
B - Decrease in hydrostatic pressure and tissue osmotic pressure
C - Increase in plasma water content via sweating
D - All of the above
E - None of the above |
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Definition
| A - Increase in heart strain and a decrease in blood pressure |
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Term
| What hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary is involved with exercise? |
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Definition
| Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) |
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Term
| ADH promotes water conservation by increasing water reabsorption by the ___________________. |
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Definition
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Term
| What hormone release by the kidneys is critical for the adaptation to training and altitude? |
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Definition
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