Term
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Definition
| happen naturally because of behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| are imposed as a result of the behavior and are logically related to the behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| validate those with whom we are communicating |
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Term
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Definition
transaction
process
involves co construction of meanings
involves symbols |
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Term
| transaction of communication |
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Definition
| parties act simultaneously as senders or receivers of messages |
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Term
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Definition
| each family undertakes the process of meaning making differently. culture and ethnicity are key in processes of communicating |
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Term
| co-construction of meanings |
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Definition
| each person in a relationship speaks a unique language, communication thus consists of learning the meaning of things between individuals |
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Term
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Definition
| Across cultures symbols or codes are used for both verbal and nonverbal communication. |
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Term
| two key aspects of confirming message |
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Definition
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Term
| recognition of confirming message |
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Definition
| essentially consists of confirming or acknowledging, either verbally or not. |
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Term
| acceptance of confirming message |
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Definition
| simply means that every family member has a sense that they are alright |
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Term
| Mexican american values familism |
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Definition
| emphasis importance of family life, and close interdependent relationships among the person, family, and community. importance of extended family |
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Term
| mexican americans make up how much of the population |
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Definition
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Term
| mexican american parenting practices |
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Definition
| inconsistent findings... most punitive, most likely to scold and spank, varies with SES, country of origin. |
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Term
| type of family most likely to live below poverty line |
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Definition
| single parent, mother headed families |
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Term
| effects of SES on parenting |
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Definition
resources:
financial capital,
human capital,
social capital |
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Term
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Definition
| how much money a person has |
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Term
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Definition
| availability, involvement and motivation of people to promote a child's development |
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Term
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Definition
| access and connections to the community |
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Term
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Definition
more authoritarian
more inconsistent
less monitoring
experience more social adversity (electric turned off, no fridge, etc.)
poorer mental health (+Depression)
less frequent verbal interaction with children
more reactive, use more physical discipline |
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Term
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Definition
learning stimulation
language stim
physical environment
warmth and acceptance
academic stimulation
modeling
variety in experience
physical punishment |
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Term
| african american parents attitude toward punishment |
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Definition
can be confused with authoritarian, yet the strictness is balanced by great closeness.
Physical punishment:
parenting effected by SES. variability among mothers
weaker effects than for anglo-americans |
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Term
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Definition
5% of pop.
diverse group
emphasis on academic achievement and career success
family loyalty, conformity, and social harmony |
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Term
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Definition
multiple caregivers
least punitive
shaming and giving choices preferred |
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Term
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Definition
variation due to
proficiency in language
economic status
degree of integration, acculturation
consonant acculturation
dissonant acculturation |
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Term
| children living in poverty |
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Definition
poor health
behavior problems
depression, low self-confidence
low soc. competence
more discrimination
more likely to fail at school
2* likely to be a delinquent/victim of crime
3* likely to become pregnant |
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Term
| poverty changes parenting- family stress model |
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Definition
economic pressure affects parents ---> affects children
emotionally distressed parents have conflicts
affects child adjustment |
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Term
| grandparenting roles in the family |
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Definition
family watchdog to provide support
unconditional love
provide nurturance to all members
serve as family historians
provide companionship for grandchildren |
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Term
| grandparent contributions |
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Definition
accept behaviors that parents cannot
provide nurturance that parents cannot
provide instruction for gk in values, ethnics, and morals
providing backup support for parents in raising grandchildren
providing parents with options with solving problems and conflicts with gk
acting as equalizer to provide balance within a family system |
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Term
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Definition
| grandfathers may look at it as a second chance to be more caring, when they were not with their own kiddos |
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Term
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Definition
| may be central to childbearing system. most likely to maintain household if they are raising gk. |
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Term
| grandchildren claim to be closer with their maternal grandmother |
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Definition
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Term
| 4 areas of change after divorce for mothers and children |
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Definition
family metacognition
physical separation
family system reorganization
family redefinitions |
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Term
| one of biggest changes for mothers and children |
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Definition
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Term
| single fathers after divorce |
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Definition
boys more likely than girls to live with father. greater financial freedom, greater economic security due to higher educational attainment and more years of employment. have jobs with higher income.
household tasks may be new, expect daughters to help with tasks, difficulty managing routines |
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Term
| factors that put single mothers at risk for psych problems |
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Definition
ramifications of inadequate resources
consequences of antisocial orientation |
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Term
| ramification of inadequate resources |
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Definition
| little education, low access to soc. support networks. meager income and economic hardship |
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Term
| consequences of antisocial orientation |
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Definition
| single mothers whether never married, separated or divorce, are 3* more likely to experience a depressive symptoms or disorders. |
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Term
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Definition
least favorable step-relationship
hostility, low self-esteem |
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Term
| outcomes for children in stepfamilies |
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Definition
fare no better or worse than children from single-parent families in terms of well-being
rates as less adjusted than children from first-marriage families (no serious problems for most)
girls are more likely to reject stepfathers and leave stepfamilies at an earlier age |
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Term
| primary objection to childcare for infants |
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Definition
60s and 70s- attachment issues
late 70s- adult child ratios and caregiver/teacher training, supervision
80s and 90s- attachment |
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Term
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Definition
poor child care a problem for 40-60%
price and quality
affects mothers psychological well being
poor work environment ($, advancement)
work spillover into family life |
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Term
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Definition
| children with lower educated mothers are less likely to be in center based care |
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Term
| benefits to mothers working |
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Definition
role model of competence for children
time management, problem solving skills
money
self-fulfillment, self-confidence |
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Term
| predictors of positive dev. among children in child care |
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Definition
socialization, less than 35 hours a week showed no harmful outcomes.
meet legal guidelines for quality
center based care vs. early childhood program, high quality structural childcare, kids must be secure with their teachers.
smaller groups |
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Term
| why is there teen pregnancy |
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Definition
increased frequency of sex, starting earlier, de-emphasis on stigma associated with teen pregnancy
lack of adequate contraceptive knowledge
personal attitudes |
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