Term
| What family is the HBV virus in? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Hepatitis virus is the only DNA virus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the characteristics of the HBV virus? |
|
Definition
virus particle = Dane particle
Enveloped
partially ds DNA
L(-) strand is full-length
S(+) strand is 15-60% of L(-) strand |
|
|
Term
| What 4 proteins does the dsDNA of HBV encode? |
|
Definition
DNA polymerase
HBsAg
HBcAg
X antigen |
|
|
Term
| Which HBV protein is the attachment protein? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a secreted form of HBcAg? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an important marker in chronic hepatitis cases? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What HBV protein influences gene expression? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the Replication cycle for HBV. |
|
Definition
| Attach and fuse to cell-> reaches nucleus-> completes ds DNA circle-> RNA polymerase, transcribes DNA to mRNA and full length RNA-> RNAs to cytoplasm-> Reverse transcriptase makes full length RNA to DNA-> envelope acquired-> Virus buds |
|
|
Term
| What is required for the HBV to replicate in the host cell? |
|
Definition
| Reverse Transcriptase - Can use drugs againsts this to treat |
|
|
Term
| How is HBV transmitted? Where does it replicate? |
|
Definition
Parenteral Route, STD
Replicates in Liver |
|
|
Term
| How long is the incubation period for HBV? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When is an HBV infection resolved? |
|
Definition
| seroconversion of HBsAg to HBs antibodies |
|
|
Term
| When is an HBV infection deemed chronic? |
|
Definition
not resolved in 6 months
HBsAg still detected |
|
|
Term
| What does HDV require for transmission? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms of HDV co-infection with HBV? |
|
Definition
severe acute disease
low risk for chronic HDV infection |
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms of a HDV super-infection of HBV patient? |
|
Definition
high risk for severe chronic disease
tip off is ofter a chronic HBV patient who suddenly worsens |
|
|
Term
| What is the Family and characteristics of HCV? |
|
Definition
Flaviviridae, hepacivirus
enveloped icosahedral capsid
ss RNA (+) |
|
|
Term
| What cleaves the polyprotein that is encoded by the HCV ssRNA, and is a target for antiviral therapy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many genotypes is HCV grouped into? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the most common subtypes of HCV? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F HCV is divided into 6 genotypes with subtypes and also quasispecies |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Parenteral Route
40% drug use
15% sexual contact
5% blood transmissions
Rest undefined |
|
|
Term
| What age group has the highest incidence of HCV? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why can HCV have multiple bouts of reinfection? |
|
Definition
reinfection with the same or different strains
Emergence of quasispecies |
|
|
Term
| What groups are at risk for HBV? |
|
Definition
1. Gay men
2. IV drug users
3. Healthcare workers
4. hemophiliacs |
|
|
Term
| Who is at risk for contracting HCV? |
|
Definition
1. IV drug users
2. healthcare workers
3. hemophiliacs
4. HIV infected individuals
5. dialysis patients
6. alcohol abusers |
|
|
Term
| How is the liver damaged in HBV and HCV infections? |
|
Definition
immune destruction of infected cells
Viruses are Not Cytolytic |
|
|
Term
| What are the rates and ages for development of chronic HBV? |
|
Definition
<1yo 90% chronicity rate
1-5yo 30% chronicity rate
>5yo 2% chronicity rate |
|
|
Term
| What are the stages of Chronic Hepatitis? |
|
Definition
Immune Tolerance Phase
Immune Clearance Phase
Residual Phase |
|
|
Term
| What is the serology of the immune tolerance phase of HBV? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the serology of the immune clearance phase? |
|
Definition
| seroconversion from HBeAg to HBe Antibodies |
|
|
Term
| What does the residual phase of chronic HBV show? |
|
Definition
low HBV DNA
normal ALT levels |
|
|
Term
| What is the time table for HCV? |
|
Definition
10yrs-chronic hepatitis
20yrs-cirrhosis
30yrs-hepatocellular carcinoma |
|
|
Term
| What is the best way to determine HCV genotype? |
|
Definition
| RT-PCR followed by DNA sequencing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. screen blood supplies
2. vaccines
3. HBIg for exposed individuals
4. alpha 2b interferon
5. combo theraby of lamivudine and adefovir
6. telbivudine
7. Liver transplant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Screen blood supplies
2. PEG-interferon and ribavirin combo therapy
3. #2 plus protease inhibitors
4. Liver Transplant |
|
|
Term
| What HCV genotypes is Combo therapy most effective for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What will a serology test show in a low risk carrier of HBV? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What will a high risk carrier of HBV serology show? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What will the serology of a Resolved Acute infection of HBV show? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What will a person serology show who had the HBV vaccine? |
|
Definition
|
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