Term
| How do nematodes obtain nourishment? |
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Definition
1. Sucking blood.
2. Digestion of host tissues
3. Feeding on intestinal content
4. Absorption of body fluids |
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Term
| What is the life cycle of Nematodes? |
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Definition
| Eggs are passed from the final host and develop into larvae, which undergo four molts. After the third molt, the Larvae (THIRD STAGE) larvae are infective. They are then digested by the host and undergo a fourth molt before developing into adults. |
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Term
| What stage of larvae of nematodes are infective? |
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Definition
| Third stage larvae (aka third molt) |
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Term
| What is Neoascaris vitulorum life cycle and what does it infect? |
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Definition
| Infects cattle . Direct life cycle where adult worms live in the intestine and eggs are passed in the feces. Third stage larvae develop within the egg. The eggs are ingested by a new host and hatch in the intestine. Larvae penetrate the wall of the intestine and migrate to the liver. Enter the blood stream and carried to the lung. Lung larvae break through the walls of capillaries into alveoli. Migrate up the airways into the trachea. In the intestine the larvae develop into adult worms. |
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Term
| What is the life cycle of Neoascaris vitulorum called? |
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Definition
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Term
| The migration and arrest within the tissues of the adult host with Neoascaris vitulorum is called? |
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Definition
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Term
| The migration across the placenta to the fetus of Neoascaris vitulorum is called? |
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Definition
| Transplacental migration. |
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Term
| Parascaris equorum is very common in what? |
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Definition
| young horses 3-9 months old |
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Term
|
Definition
| Equine pinworm. Live in the cecum and colon. |
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|
Term
| What do you use to diagnos Oxyuris equi? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pig worm that live in the small intestine; produce thick-shelled eggs that remain viable up to five years. |
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|
Term
| What causes milk spot liver? |
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Definition
| Larval migration of Ascaris suum that causes inflammation and scarring. |
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Term
| What species does toxocara canis affect? |
|
Definition
| dogs. Transmitted by tracheal migration. |
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|
Term
| How does toxocara canis affect humans? |
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Definition
| Man acts as transport host. Causes "visceral larval migrans" and "ocular larval migrans." |
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Term
| How do you prevent transmission of toxocara canis? |
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Definition
| Strict hygiene and sanitation. Daily removal of feces. Concrete floors. Exposure to direct sunlight. |
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Term
| What transmission has not been reported in dogs and cats with Toxascaris leonina? |
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Definition
| Transmammary transmission. |
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Term
| Hookworms are found only in what kind of environment? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are Bunostomum spp. found in? |
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Definition
| Small intestine of sheep, goats and cattle. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Very small 10-25 mm long. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| They are vigorous blood suckers. They attach firmly to mucosa and have sharp, cutting teeth. Produce anticoagulant which results in bleeding from the mucosa. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Dark colored diarrhea, especially in young animals- can cuase death. Causes dermatitis in areas of the skin in contact with the ground. |
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Term
| What are the two genera of Hookworms? |
|
Definition
| Ancylostoma spp. and Uncinaria spp. |
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|
Term
| What is the spp. for Anyclostoma for dog and cat? |
|
Definition
A. caninum- dog
A. tubaeforme- cat |
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Term
| What species is U. stenocephala most commonly seen in? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the five routes of transmission in dogs and cats for hookworms? |
|
Definition
1. Oral
2. Skin penetration
3. transplacental
4. transmammary
5. ingestion of transport host. |
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|
Term
| What is the normal and most successful route for Uncinaria? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is Premunition with hookworms? |
|
Definition
| Any new infectious larvae that infection becomes in contact with- prevent any new larvae in intestinal tract. Kill of residential population with dewormer, can become exposed to new patent infections. |
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Term
| What are cutaneous larval migrans? |
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Definition
| Name given to the dermatitis caused by larval penetration of the skin; dog hookworm larvae will penetrate human skin and migrate, leaving inflamed, ulcerated tracts; do not undergo any further migration or development in humans. |
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|
Term
| Where are whipworms found? |
|
Definition
| found in cecum and large intestine. |
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|
Term
| What kind of life cycle do whipworms have? |
|
Definition
| Direct life cycle; eggs viable for several years; larvae develop within the egg shell. |
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|
Term
| What prevents Trichuris suis from occurring in pigs? |
|
Definition
| Concrete raising prevents this. |
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|
Term
| What do whipworms cause in dogs? |
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Definition
| Causes chronic weight loss, chronic or intermittent diarrhea; anemia in heavy infections. |
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Term
| What does Trichninella spiralis cause in pigs? |
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Definition
| Causes trichinosis. It is associated with eating undercooked pork. |
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|
Term
| What are the three phases of Trichinella spiralis? |
|
Definition
1. intestinal phase
2. systemic phase
3. encystment phase. |
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|
Term
| What is the intestinal phase of Trichinella spiralis in humans? |
|
Definition
| 2-7 days after ingestion; nausea, vomiting, severe watery diarrhea; fever. |
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|
Term
| What is the systemic phase of Trichinella spiralis in humans? |
|
Definition
| 7 days to 5 weeks after ingestion; fever, muscle pain and swelling, chills and sweating; can cause death in 4-6 weeks due to myositis. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Paralysis of respiratory muscles. |
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|
Term
| What is the encystment phase of Trichinella spiralis in humans? |
|
Definition
| May be residual muscle pain; heart problems. |
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|
Term
| What does the encystment phase affect resulting in heart problems? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How can pigs become infected with Trichinella spiralis? |
|
Definition
Canibalism
1. eating raw garbage
2. eating rodents, etc. |
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|
Term
| How can man become infected with Trichinella spiralis? |
|
Definition
1. eating undercooked pork, sausage.
2. eating undercooked wild game; bear meat is important source of infection because they eat garbage. |
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|
Term
| What is Capillaria aerophila and what species does it affect? |
|
Definition
| Lungworm found in dogs, cats, foxes. |
|
|
Term
| What is Capillaria plica? |
|
Definition
| Urinary bladder worm of dog, cat, fox. |
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|
Term
| Where does Capillaria annulata live? |
|
Definition
| Lives in crop and esophagus of birds. |
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|
Term
| What does the Capillaria annulata life cycle require as an intermediate host? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What infects birds that is extremely pathogenic and causes mucosa of crop to slough off? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What species does the lungworm Dictyocaulus filaria affect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What species does the lungworm Dictyocaulus viviparus affect? |
|
Definition
| cattle and wild ruminants. |
|
|
Term
| What does Muellerius capillaris affect? |
|
Definition
| Sheep greater than six months old. |
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|
Term
| What is the natural host of Dictyocaulus arnfeldi? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is only found in horses pastured with donkeys? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does Metastrongylus spp. cause in pigs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are Filaroides osleri? |
|
Definition
| small, slender worm; lives in the trachea or bronchi of dogs; forms nodules in the trachea containing adult worms. |
|
|
Term
| What does Aelurostrongylus abstrusus affect and where? |
|
Definition
| found in cats and lives in air spaces and in arteries of the lung. |
|
|
Term
| What is Stephanurus dentatus and what does it affect? |
|
Definition
| Kidney worm of swine. Lives in kidney ureters and tissues around kidney. |
|
|
Term
| What can the migrating larvae of Stephanurus dentatus cause? |
|
Definition
| Can ruin a whole carcass and can spread bacteria throughout the body, resulting in multiple abscesses. |
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|
Term
| What is Dioctophyma renale? |
|
Definition
| Giant kidney worm of dogs; also occurs in pigs, cattle horses, humans and wild animals. |
|
|
Term
| What is the largest nematode known? |
|
Definition
| Dioctophyma renale. Females up to 3 feet long and bright red. |
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|
Term
| What do female filarial worms give birth to? |
|
Definition
| Live larvae called microfilaria- not an L1. |
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|
Term
| What kind of life cycle do filarial worms have and what are their intermediate host? |
|
Definition
| Indirect life cycle with arthropods as intermediate hosts. |
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|
Term
| What is Elaeophora schneideri? |
|
Definition
| Aterial worm of ruminants. |
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|
Term
| What are the intermediate hoses of Elaeophora schneideri? |
|
Definition
| Horseflies are the intermediate host. |
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|
Term
| How does Elaeophora schneideri cause? |
|
Definition
| Gets into arteries supplying blood to the brain and eye. Causes blindness, circling, abnormal behavior and often is fatal. |
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Term
| What does Elaeophoroa schneideri caused when the microfilaria is in the skin? |
|
Definition
| Causes intense itching, especially on top of the head and is called "Sorehead." |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| In cattle and sheep known as the "abdominal worm" |
|
|
Term
| What is the intermediate host of Seteria cervi? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is Stephanofilaria stillesi? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are Stephanofilaria stillesi found? |
|
Definition
| Found in the skin of the ventral abdomen; especially around the umbilicus. |
|
|
Term
| What is the intermediate host of Spirocera lupi? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceous? |
|
Definition
| Thorny headed worm of pigs. |
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