Term
| What diseases are protozoan? |
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Definition
- Giardia
- Amebiasis
- Malaria
- Chagas |
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Term
| What diseases are helminthic? |
|
Definition
- Ascariasis = roundworm
- Enterobiasis
- Hookworm = nematode
- Strongyloidiasis
- Cestodiasis |
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Term
| What diseases are ectoparasitic infestations? |
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Caused by giardia lamblia - most common intestinal parasite that causes diarrhea. Cysts --> trophozoites --> diarrhea, bloating, anorexia |
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Term
| How is giardiasis treated? |
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Definition
- Adults: First line - metronidazole, tindazole, or nitazoxanide
- Children over 8 - drug of choice is quinacrine, but must be compounded. Nitazoxanide can be used in all ages |
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Term
|
Definition
Caused by Entamoeba histolytica - cyst ingested, morphs into trophozoites
- Bloody diarrhea in 100% of cases, can cause an abcess leading to high fever, sweating, signs of infection |
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Term
| How is amebiasis diagnosed and treated? |
|
Definition
- Cysts found in stool by ELISA
- asymptomatic and mild - paromomycin (preferred in pregnancy), iodoquinol, or doloxanide.
- Severe or intestinal abscess - Metronidazole x10 days followed by an above luminal agent. Use TINDAZOLE in a liver abscess
**Repeat tests at days 5,7,and 1 month. Sanitation! |
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Term
| What is used to treat hookworms and Ascariasis? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is enterobiasis treated? |
|
Definition
Pyrantel pamoate 11 mg/kg (max: 1g) x 1 dose
Mebendazole 100 mg x 1 dose
Albendazole 400 mg x 1 dose
**Usually children |
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Term
| How is strongyloidiasis treated? |
|
Definition
| Ivermectin is drug of choice, can use albendazole as alternative |
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Term
| Are drugs used to treat tapeworms? |
|
Definition
Normally not
- Do not treat cystercosis
- Tx controversial of neurocystercosis - albendazole |
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Term
| What are the 4 reasons people die of malaria? |
|
Definition
- Failure to prophylax
- Inappropriate prophylaxis
- Delay in seeking medical care
- Misdiagnosis |
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Term
| What is the use of primaquine in malaria? |
|
Definition
| For Chloroquine-RESISTANT P. vivax |
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Term
| What drug is used in severe malaria if quinidine is not available? |
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Definition
| Artesunate - comes from the CDC. + Atovaquone-proquanil OR Doxy/Clinda OR mefloquine |
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Term
| When would mefloquine not be used? |
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Definition
| Malaria is becoming resistant in SE asia --> Atovaquone or Doxy |
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Term
| What are the complications due to P. falciparum? |
|
Definition
- Pulmonary edema
- Hypoglycemia
- Jaundice
- Renal failure
- Confusion, delerium, seizures, coma, death |
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Term
| How is Chagas diseas treated? |
|
Definition
| Nifurtimox/Lampit and Benznidazole/Rochagan. A higher dose is used in children as it is more tolerable. |
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Term
| What are the treatments for ectoparasites: lice and scabies? |
|
Definition
- Lice: permethrin 1%/Nix
- Scabies: Permethrin 5% cream, leave on for 8-14 hours |
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