Term
Blood in the peritoneum. This is known as CULLEN's SIGN.
|
|
Definition
| A bluish discoloration across the surface of a trauma patient's abdomen should cause concern about what? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A network of projections where nutrients from the small intestine enter the bloodstream. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Developmental stage that begins at the start of the ninth week and continues until birth. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The scene size-up assessment begins with this... |
|
|
Term
| Chorionic Villus Sampling |
|
Definition
| A procedure for the genetic sampling of cells collected from the chorionic villi during the first trimester. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The outer layer of cells that separates the world from the blastocoele. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Agents or factors that disrupt normal development by damaging cells, altering chromosome structure, or altering the chemical environment of the embryo. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A patient who exaggerates symptoms in an effort to trick medical professionals into giving mood-altering substances is exhibiting what type of behavior? |
|
|
Term
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
(Lou Gehrig's Disease)
[image] |
|
Definition
| This disease begins with a slowly progressive muscle weakness and wasting initially involved in the muscles of the limbs. As the disease progresses, the weakness becomes more widespread and involves the respiratory muscles and those controlling speech and swallowing. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the most commonly prescribed mood-stabilizing agent used for long-term management of bipolar disorder? |
|
|
Term
| Stroke Volume X Heart Rate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This is a demyelinating disease caused by the destruction of the myelin sheath in the CNS. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In regard to critical thinking, this is a TENDENCY or PREJUDICE |
|
|
Term
| For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. |
|
Definition
| What does Newton's 3rd Law state? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What percentage of people in the US over the age of 85 suffer from dementia? |
|
|
Term
| Cardiac Output X Peripheral Venous return |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Where should you transport a child with a revised trauma score of <12 or a PTS of <8? |
|
|
Term
| Persons on the passenger side during a lateral collision. |
|
Definition
| Ruptured liver is more likely to affect whom? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any strategy or technique that helps direct attention and focus while thinking. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Problem-solving strategy that begins with the most likely cause as the anchor and then assessment begins fr the signs and symptoms needed to confirm that cause. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What substance should be avoided by people who are allergic to peanuts? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This report officially recognized and classified trauma as a disease process. |
|
|
Term
(A)Central Nervous System (B)Endocrine System
[image]
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|
Definition
| Most of the body's control centers are located in the ___________ or __________. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The genetic compliment of a particular individual. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The collective instructions contained within the genotype that determine the anatomical and physiological characteristics that make an individual unique. |
|
|
Term
Hemoglobin does not normally release all of its oxygen.
[image]
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|
Definition
| Given the fact that each ventricle ejects the body's entire blood volume every minute under resting conditions, explain the reason an average healthy adult can hold his breath more than 1 minute. |
|
|
Term
| Stopping the transfusion. |
|
Definition
| Your transfusion patient is exhibiting symptoms of a hemolytic reaction. The most important treatment would include... |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What blood type is known as the universal recipient? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The various forms of any one gene... |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A delivery during which the legs or buttocks of the baby enter the vaginal canal first. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An autosomal recessive disease of the exocrine gland that causes production of excess mucus that may obstruct the lungs. |
|
|
Term
Congenital Malformation
[image] |
|
Definition
| A severe abnormality present at birth, that affects major systems. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The forcible expulsion of the fetus from the uterus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The #1 killer of PREGNANT females. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A temporary structure on the uterine wall that provides a site for diffusion between the fetal and maternal circulations. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Your patient presents with wheezing and steadily dropping BP. What should you suspect? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The tendency to claim more responsibility for successes than failures. |
|
|
Term
1. Dehydration
2. Hypothermia
3. Electrolyte Imbalance
4. Rhabdomyolysis |
|
Definition
| List four risks commonly associated with patients who have fallen and are unable to get up. |
|
|
Term
Right Ventricular Failure
[image] |
|
Definition
| What is the most common cause of JVD? |
|
|
Term
MIDBRAIN - PONS -
MEDULLA OBLONGATA
[image]
|
|
Definition
| Parts of the brain stem... |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Something that is NOT true. |
|
|
Term
FRONTAL LOBE
PARIETAL LOBE
TEMPORAL LOBE
OCCIPITAL LOBE
[image]
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Your patient presents with:
ABDOMINAL PAIN
NAUSEA
DIARRHEA
YELLOWISH SKIN
Onset: 1 week
What should you most suspect? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The tendency to see past events as being predictive of future outcomes. |
|
|
Term
Rhabdomyolysis
Electrolyte Abnormalities
Acid-Base Abnormalities
Acute Renal Failure
Compartment Syndrome |
|
Definition
| What are some common symptoms of CRUSH SYNDROME? |
|
|
Term
1. Lifestyle
2. Environment
3. Genetics
4. Healthcare |
|
Definition
| Rank the factors in order from highest impact on disease to lowest. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The protective sac surrounding the heart. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The healthy balanced state where the internal environment is optimal for cellular function. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| High-protein secretion produced by fully developed mammary glands. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ... has never been pregnant. |
|
Definition
| A nulli gravida patient is one who... |
|
|
Term
T= TIME, TRAUMA, TEMPERATURE
How long have you been short of breath?
Do you have a fever?
Have you fallen or otherwise been hurt? |
|
Definition
| What does the T stand for in the PASTE mnemonic? |
|
|
Term
| Posterior to the patella and inferior to the femoral arteries. |
|
Definition
| Where are popliteal arteries located? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Neurogenic shock is a form of what type of shock? |
|
|
Term
Biot's Breathing
(Ataxic) |
|
Definition
| Irregular breathing that changes from slow and deep to fast and shallow with periods of apnea is known as what? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rattling noises in the chest by mucus in the bronchial tree are called... |
|
|
Term
Natural Killer Cells
[image] |
|
Definition
| Which type of cell secretes cytolytic substances that lyse cell membranes during the immune response? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process by which gases move from high concentrations to low concentrations is called... |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Making judgments based upon the frequency of similar situations occurring. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A series of cell divisions that begin immediately after fertilization. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Coughing, sneezing, and dyspnea are signs and symptoms of what? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The tendency to place too much importance on one aspect of an event that causes an error in accurately predicting a future outcome. |
|
|
Term
| Representativeness Heuristic |
|
Definition
a situation that provides enough information for the paramedic to believe the current signs and symptoms represent a particular disease.
Ex: Pattern Recognition |
|
|
Term
| The infusion of a hypertonic solution. |
|
Definition
| What intervention might decrease peripheral edema? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The first extraembryonic membrane to appear. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The term used to describe the body relabeling "friendly" substances inside the organs as foreign "non-self" cells and attacks them. |
|
|
Term
| Patient with SHORTNESS OF BREATH |
|
Definition
| Who would you use the PASTE mnemonic on to help with your assessment? |
|
|
Term
| Look for medical alert information. |
|
Definition
| An MVC patient is unresponsive. What is the BEST way to gather medical history information? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What 2 systems does a tension pneumothorax affect? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The tendency to place too much importance on one aspect of an event that causes an error in accurately predicting a future outcome. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This is an example of the body's second line of defense of immunity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This is an example of hypoxia caused by an inability of cells to utilize oxygen. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Neck hyper-extension is more common with which type of headache? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What medication would be given to rapidly sedate a pt? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a medical specialty that focuses on postnatal development from infancy through adolescence. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What type of medication would most likely be administered for cardiogenic shock? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the outermost layer of the meninges? |
|
|
Term
E= Exertion, Exercise Tolerance
Does activity make the shortness of breath worse? |
|
Definition
| What does the E stand for in the PASTE mnemonic? |
|
|
Term
P= Provoke, Progression
what was happening when the shortness of breath began? Has it gotten better or worse? |
|
Definition
| What does the P stand for in the PASTE mnemonic? |
|
|
Term
VENTILATION
DIFFUSION
PERFUSION |
|
Definition
| What are the 3 processes that allow respiratory gas exchange to occur in the body? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The suffix "-centesis" means what? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Standards relating to how human beings should act as they live and function within a society are called what? |
|
|
Term
| Parasympathetic v/s Sympathetic responses |
|
Definition
| What is the formula for HEART RATE? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pain caused by cardiac ischemia is typically described as what? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bending a body part backwards. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A spinal cod injury may result in what type of shock? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The concept that sees each individual patient as being a distinct and self-governing person is known as what? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What does the POSTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND secrete? |
|
|
Term
The dorsalis pedis or posterior tibial arteries.
[image]
|
|
Definition
| Which arteries should be checked to confirm circulation in a patient's foot? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Symptoms of sudden fever, headache, stiff neck, vomiting, increased sensitivity to light, confusion, irritability, seizures and loss of consciousness may indicate what? |
|
|
Term
| warm the infant's foot and reapply the pulse oximeter |
|
Definition
| You are called to the scene of a low-speed MVC on a cold, winter day. Your infant patient has no visible signs of trauma. The pulse oximeter shows SpO2 of 91% and HR of 127. You should first do what? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What type of shock is caused by peripheral vasodilation? |
|
|
Term
| infection and nerve palsies |
|
Definition
The actions of these paramedics are increasing this patient's risk of what?
[image]
|
|
|
Term
| The higher the velocity of the projectile, the GREATER the size of the cavitation tunnel, causing more damage to the surrounding tissue. |
|
Definition
| How does velocity affect the amount of damage done by this mechanism of injury? |
|
|
Term
| The cavitation tunnel may rupture the spleen. |
|
Definition
| Why might a patient with a gunshot wound to the chest present with signs of intaabdominal bleeding even if the peritoneum has not been penetrated? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which cranial nerve controls movement of the tongue? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Your PT has sudden involuntary jerking movements caused by a sudden contraction of a muscle or group of muscles, followed by relaxation. What condition should you suspect? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What frequently leads to falls in geriatric patients? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| By what age does noticeable physiological evidence of aging occur in most people? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What medication may mask the symptoms of abdominal aortic aneurysm in geriatric patients? |
|
|
Term
| The respiratory system's endurance will increase in response to exercise. |
|
Definition
| What changes in the respiratory system due to aging? |
|
|
Term
| The patient suffers from dysrhythmias, causing syncope. |
|
Definition
| You are called to the local nursing home where you encounter an elderly man on the floor in the hallway. Staff tells you that the patient has been falling frequently. During your physical exam you note several skin tears and contusions in various stages of healing. You are also told that the patient's heart medication has recently been changed. The patient has a history of hypertension. What should you suspect? |
|
|
Term
| Medications affect the atrial natriuretic peptide response. |
|
Definition
| What happens to the body's ability to maintain electrolyte and fluid balance as it ages? |
|
|
Term
| About 65% of the human body is water . |
|
Definition
| What percentage of the human body is water? |
|
|
Term
| An ACID dissociates into HYDROGEN ions in water . |
|
Definition
| What does an acid dissociate into in water? |
|
|
Term
| A BASE dissociates into HYDROXYL ions in water. |
|
Definition
| What does a base dissociate into in water? |
|
|
Term
| pH is a numerical scale showing the degree of acidity or alkalinity. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The carbohydrate molecules are the monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides . They are a source
of energy . |
|
Definition
| What are carbohydrates and what do they do? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What are insoluable in water? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| These consist of 3 fatty acids bonded to one glycerol molecule. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lipids and Triglycerides store large amounts of what? |
|
|
Term
| Amino acid building blocks |
|
Definition
| Proteins consist of what? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A protein's primary structure is the sequence of amino acids in a what? |
|
|
Term
Structure
Regulation
Transport
Contraction
Catalysis |
|
Definition
| List 5 biological functions of protein... |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What consists of nucleotide building blocks? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This is the heridity material of cells... |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| DNA directs the synthesis of ________, which directs the synthesis if ________. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This tissue covers the free surfaces of the body... |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What are the 3 shapes that epithelial tissue can take? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Epithelium can be either _______ or _______. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This type of tissue consists of cells suspended in an intercellular material or matrix. |
|
|
Term
Collagen
Elastin
Reticular Fibers |
|
Definition
| What can be found in the natrix thats associated with connective tissue? |
|
|
Term
| Areolar or loose connective tissue |
|
Definition
| This type of connective tissue has a variey of specialized cells such as fibroblasts |
|
|
Term
| Dense Fibrous Connective Tissue |
|
Definition
| This type of connective tissue has compact arrangement of collagen fibers. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This has chondrocytes in lacunae in the matrix... |
|
|
Term
Hyaline
Fibrocartilage
Elastic |
|
Definition
| What are the 3 subtypes of cartilage? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| BOne has osteocytes arranged in this type of system... |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This type of connective tissue stores fat... |
|
|
Term
Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Thrombocytes |
|
Definition
| Blood has________, __________, and _______ suspended in the plasma. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The cells of muscle tissue can do this... |
|
|
Term
Striated
Multinucleated
Attaches to bone
Produces movement |
|
Definition
| List four things about skeletal muscle... |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This type of muscle tissue composes all internal organs except the heart... |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This type of muscle tissue is smooth and the cells have one nucleus each. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This type of muscle tissue is striated with intercalated disks, and each cell has one nucleus... |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This is the cell that sends a signal... |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The signal of a neuron travels from the ______ to the ______ to the ______. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| These cells protect and support neurons... |
|
|
Term
Possible LOC
Dazed
Headache
Nausea
Vomiting |
|
Definition
| Sign/Symptoms of concussion: |
|
|
Term
| Objects in the vehicle that could have hit the occupants and caused injury. |
|
Definition
| When determining mechanism of injury at an MVC, what should you also look for? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ONe of the most important things you can document on the call sheet... |
|
|
Term
| You should recheck the GCS for changes |
|
Definition
| what should you do with every vital sign check? |
|
|
Term
Maintain adequate airway
Prevent secondary insults
Treat signs of increasing ICP |
|
Definition
| Treatment of ICP (Intracranial Pressure) |
|
|
Term
| some type of long-term impact |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| IV bolus to maintain 90mmHg and early RSI |
|
Definition
| How can you help prevent Hypovolemia and Hypoxemia in TBI (traumatic brain injury) patients? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is needed to help sustain metabolism? |
|
|
Term
| Decreases the metabolic rate by 6-7% which can help save brain tissue |
|
Definition
| Cooling of 1 degree does what to the metabolic rate of the brain? |
|
|
Term
hypertesion
bradycardia
irregular respiratory pattersn |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Blood behind the iris. (indication of an orbital fracture) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Airway-position of pt can be important
breathing-needle thoracostomy is indicated if tension pneumothorax is suspected
Circulation- one or two large bore IV's |
|
Definition
| Treatment of facial trauma... |
|
|
Term
hypo has sympathetic responses
neuro presents with warm dry skin, flushed tone, and usually normal to slightly bradycardic pulses |
|
Definition
| Difference in hypovolemic and neurogenic shock: |
|
|
Term
If possible, stop the bleeding
give enough fluid to keep BP around 90 mmhg
get to definitive care |
|
Definition
| how do you treat hypovolemic shock? |
|
|
Term
Start IV and "fill the tank"
keep the patient warm
Hang a dopamine drip titrated to keep pressure around 90 mmg |
|
Definition
| what are the 2 intital things to do for neurogenic shock? |
|
|
Term
| at point where c-spine meets with the base of the skull |
|
Definition
| Where is the odontoid process? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The mjority of spinal cord injuries are caused by what mechanism of injury? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| MOst spinal injuries are caused by what type of trauma? |
|
|
Term
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacrum/Coccyx |
|
Definition
| Major divisions of the spinal column: |
|
|
Term
| area of sensation in relation to an area of the spinal column |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
scloiosis
kyphosis
lordosis |
|
Definition
| what are chronic spinal pathologies? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lateral curvature of the spine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Temporary absence of sensory and motor function below the level of injury. Generally resolves in 24-48 hours |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
elevated BP
pounding headache
bradycardia
profuse sweating
piloerection
cardiac arrhythmias
flushing of skin
blurred vision
appearance of spots in pts vision
nasal congestion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Force applied to either the top or bottom of the spine, which is directed along the length of the spine. |
|
Definition
| What is vertical compression? |
|
|
Term
| WHen the vertical compression is applied to the top of the cranium. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When the vertebrae shatters outward from within. |
|
Definition
| What is a burst fracture? |
|
|
Term
| A break in the bone that has not penetrated through the surrounding tissue |
|
Definition
| What is a closed fracture? |
|
|
Term
| A fracture that involes only one side of the bone (torus or greenstick on pediatrics) |
|
Definition
| What is an incomplete fracture? |
|
|
Term
| A fracture that involves all the layers of the bone |
|
Definition
| What is a complete fracture? |
|
|
Term
| Fracture in which there is movement of the two bone fragments away from each other |
|
Definition
| What is a displaced fracture? |
|
|
Term
| A fracture where the two fragments remain in alignment with each other. |
|
Definition
| What is a non-displaced fracture? |
|
|
Term
| A fracture that involves several breaks in the bone. Damage is often increased due to the presence of multiple fragments |
|
Definition
| What is a comminuted fracture? |
|
|
Term
| A fracture that occurs through diseased bone due to an inherent underlying weakness |
|
Definition
| What is a pathological fracture? |
|
|
Term
| Fracture with an soft tissue wound adjacent to the suspected injury |
|
Definition
| What is an open fracture? |
|
|
Term
| A fracture in the bone caused by repetitive, long-term, or abnormal stress. (Also called March fracture) |
|
Definition
| What is a stress fracture? |
|
|
Term
| A fracture through the growth plate of the bone |
|
Definition
| What is an epiphyseal plate fracture? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the amount of blood loss from a tibia/fibula fracture? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the amount of blood loss in a femur fracture? |
|
|
Term
| 1000-massive (total blood supply) |
|
Definition
| What is the amount of blood loss in a pelvic fracture? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the main electrolyte for muscle contraction? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Other than its muscle use, what is another use of calcium? |
|
|
Term
Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial |
|
Definition
| Wat are the 3 types of joints? |
|
|
Term
| Complete dislocation of a joint |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Partial or incomplete dislocation of a joint |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Stretching forces applied to a ligament. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Stretching forces applied to a tendon |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when they lay down new bone tissue |
|
Definition
| when do osteoblasts become osteocytes? |
|
|
Term
| Cells that reabsorb bone for growth and repair |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| compact (cortical bone) and spongy (cancellous bone) |
|
Definition
| What 2 types of tissue are bone composed of? |
|
|
Term
| A thickened layer of tissue that covers all bone. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Pain
Pallor
Pressue
Parasthesia
Paralysis
Pulselessness |
|
Definition
| What are the 6 P's of a limb injury? |
|
|
Term
Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the location of the injury |
|
Definition
| When treating a gunshot victim, the most important variable to consider when determining the severity of the injury is |
|
|
Term
| administer crystalloid fluid boluses |
|
Definition
| Your 9 year old patient was injured while diving into a shallow swimming pool. He has been immobilized, and is presenting with an elevated respiratory rate, cold hands, a weak pulse, and confusion. While enroute to the nearest pediatric trauma center, you should |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A vehicle with air bag deployment with no visible signs of a star-burst on the windshield was involved in a head-on collision at 15 mph; all of the occupants were wearing seatbelts. What injury did the driver MOST likely sustain? |
|
|
Term
| Safety features are designed to allow the gradual dissipation of collision forces. |
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Definition
| Which of the following statements about the safety features of a motor vehicle is CORRECT? |
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Term
| immobilize the patient, turn the entire device and patient, and suction frequently to prevent airway compromise. |
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Definition
| Your 32 year old patient was attacked in a dark alleyway. He is lying prone on the ground, and responds only to pain. He has multiple, shallow stab wounds to the abdomen and a deep laceration on his cheek that is bleeding freely. He also has bruising at the base of his skull. After rapidly assessing the ABCs, you should |
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Term
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Definition
| This patient was involved in a head-on collision when he lost traction on a country road, ran into a ditch and collided with a tree. These paramedics should most suspect what type of fracture? |
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