Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Paramedic
Various subjects for National Registry practice
205
Health Care
Professional
07/21/2010

Additional Health Care Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

Blood in the peritoneum. This is known as CULLEN's SIGN.

 

 

Definition
A bluish discoloration across the surface of a trauma patient's abdomen should cause concern about what?
Term

Villi

[image]

Definition
A network of projections where nutrients from the small intestine enter the bloodstream.
Term
Fetus
Definition
Developmental stage that begins at the start of the ninth week and continues until birth.
Term
Dispatch information
Definition
The scene size-up assessment begins with this...
Term
Chorionic Villus Sampling
Definition
A procedure for the genetic sampling of cells collected from the chorionic villi during the first trimester.
Term
Trophoblast[image]
Definition
The outer layer of cells that separates the world from the blastocoele.
Term
Teratogens
Definition
Agents or factors that disrupt normal development by damaging cells, altering chromosome structure, or altering the chemical environment of the embryo.
Term
Drug seeking behavior
Definition
A patient who exaggerates symptoms in an effort to trick medical professionals into giving mood-altering substances is exhibiting what type of behavior?
Term

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

(Lou Gehrig's Disease)

 

[image]

Definition
This disease begins with a slowly progressive muscle weakness and wasting initially involved in the muscles of the limbs. As the disease progresses, the weakness becomes more widespread and involves the respiratory muscles and those controlling speech and swallowing.
Term

Depakote

 

[image]

Definition
What is the most commonly prescribed mood-stabilizing agent used for long-term management of bipolar disorder?
Term
Stroke Volume X Heart Rate
Definition
Cardiac Output=
Term
Multiple Sclerosis
Definition
This is a demyelinating disease caused by the destruction of the myelin sheath in the CNS.
Term
Bias
Definition
In regard to critical thinking, this is a TENDENCY or PREJUDICE
Term
For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Definition
What does Newton's 3rd Law state?
Term
20%-40%
Definition
What percentage of people in the US over the age of 85 suffer from dementia?
Term
Cardiac Output X Peripheral Venous return
Definition
Blood Pressure=
Term
Pediatric Trauma Center
Definition
Where should you transport a child with a revised trauma score of <12 or a PTS of <8?
Term
Persons on the passenger side during a lateral collision.
Definition
Ruptured liver is more likely to affect whom?
Term
Heuristics
Definition
any strategy or technique that helps direct attention and focus while thinking.
Term
Anchoring Heuristic
Definition
Problem-solving strategy that begins with the most likely cause as the anchor and then assessment begins fr the signs and symptoms needed to confirm that cause.
Term

Lupin Flour

 

[image]

 

 

Definition
What substance should be avoided by people who are allergic to peanuts?
Term
The White Paper
Definition
This report officially recognized and classified trauma as a disease process.
Term

(A)Central Nervous System (B)Endocrine System

[image]

 

Definition
Most of the body's control centers are located in the ___________ or __________.
Term

Genotype

[image]

 

Definition
The genetic compliment of a particular individual.
Term

Phenotype

 

[image]

 

 

Definition
The collective instructions contained within the genotype that determine the anatomical and physiological characteristics that make an individual unique.
Term

Hemoglobin does not normally release all of its oxygen.

 

[image]

 

 

Definition
Given the fact that each ventricle ejects the body's entire blood volume every minute under resting conditions, explain the reason an average healthy adult can hold his breath more than 1 minute.
Term
Stopping the transfusion.
Definition
Your transfusion patient is exhibiting symptoms of a hemolytic reaction. The most important treatment would include...
Term
AB
Definition
What blood type is known as the universal recipient?
Term

Alleles

 

[image]

 

 

Definition
The various forms of any one gene...
Term
Breech Birth
Definition
A delivery during which the legs or buttocks of the baby enter the vaginal canal first.
Term

Cystic Fibrosis

 

[image]

Definition
An autosomal recessive disease of the exocrine gland that causes production of excess mucus that may obstruct the lungs.
Term

Congenital Malformation

 

[image]

Definition
A severe abnormality present at birth, that affects major systems.
Term
Parturition
Definition
The forcible expulsion of the fetus from the uterus.
Term
Trauma
Definition
The #1 killer of PREGNANT females.
Term
Placenta
Definition
A temporary structure on the uterine wall that provides a site for diffusion between the fetal and maternal circulations.
Term
Anaphylaxis
Definition
Your patient presents with wheezing and steadily dropping BP. What should you suspect?
Term
Self-Serving Bias
Definition
The tendency to claim more responsibility for successes than failures.
Term
1. Dehydration

2. Hypothermia

3. Electrolyte Imbalance

4. Rhabdomyolysis
Definition
List four risks commonly associated with patients who have fallen and are unable to get up.
Term

Right Ventricular Failure

 

[image]

Definition
What is the most common cause of JVD?
Term

MIDBRAIN - PONS -

MEDULLA OBLONGATA

 

[image]

 

 

Definition
Parts of the brain stem...
Term
Fallacy
Definition
Something that is NOT true.
Term

FRONTAL LOBE

PARIETAL LOBE

TEMPORAL LOBE

OCCIPITAL LOBE

[image]

 

 

Definition
Brain hemispheres
Term
Hepatitis B
Definition
Your patient presents with:
ABDOMINAL PAIN
NAUSEA
DIARRHEA
YELLOWISH SKIN

Onset: 1 week

What should you most suspect?
Term
Hindsight
Definition
The tendency to see past events as being predictive of future outcomes.
Term
Rhabdomyolysis

Electrolyte Abnormalities

Acid-Base Abnormalities

Acute Renal Failure

Compartment Syndrome
Definition
What are some common symptoms of CRUSH SYNDROME?
Term
1. Lifestyle

2. Environment

3. Genetics

4. Healthcare
Definition
Rank the factors in order from highest impact on disease to lowest.
Term

Pericardium

 

[image]

 

 

Definition
The protective sac surrounding the heart.
Term
Homeostasis
Definition
The healthy balanced state where the internal environment is optimal for cellular function.
Term

Colostrum

 

[image]

Definition
High-protein secretion produced by fully developed mammary glands.
Term
To move away
Definition
Abduction means...
Term
... has never been pregnant.
Definition
A nulli gravida patient is one who...
Term
T= TIME, TRAUMA, TEMPERATURE

How long have you been short of breath?

Do you have a fever?

Have you fallen or otherwise been hurt?
Definition
What does the T stand for in the PASTE mnemonic?
Term
Posterior to the patella and inferior to the femoral arteries.
Definition
Where are popliteal arteries located?
Term
Distributive Shock
Definition
Neurogenic shock is a form of what type of shock?
Term
Biot's Breathing

(Ataxic)
Definition
Irregular breathing that changes from slow and deep to fast and shallow with periods of apnea is known as what?
Term
Rhonchi
Definition
Rattling noises in the chest by mucus in the bronchial tree are called...
Term

Natural Killer Cells

[image]

Definition
Which type of cell secretes cytolytic substances that lyse cell membranes during the immune response?
Term

Diffusion

[image]

Definition
The process by which gases move from high concentrations to low concentrations is called...
Term
Availability Heuristic
Definition
Making judgments based upon the frequency of similar situations occurring.
Term

Cleavage

[image]

Definition
A series of cell divisions that begin immediately after fertilization.
Term
Atopic Asthma
Definition
Coughing, sneezing, and dyspnea are signs and symptoms of what?
Term
Focalism
Definition
The tendency to place too much importance on one aspect of an event that causes an error in accurately predicting a future outcome.
Term
Representativeness Heuristic
Definition
a situation that provides enough information for the paramedic to believe the current signs and symptoms represent a particular disease.

Ex: Pattern Recognition
Term
The infusion of a hypertonic solution.
Definition
What intervention might decrease peripheral edema?
Term
Yolk Sac
Definition
The first extraembryonic membrane to appear.
Term
Autoimmunity
Definition
The term used to describe the body relabeling "friendly" substances inside the organs as foreign "non-self" cells and attacks them.
Term
Patient with SHORTNESS OF BREATH
Definition
Who would you use the PASTE mnemonic on to help with your assessment?
Term
Look for medical alert information.
Definition
An MVC patient is unresponsive. What is the BEST way to gather medical history information?
Term
Cardiac and Respiratory
Definition
What 2 systems does a tension pneumothorax affect?
Term
Focalism
Definition
The tendency to place too much importance on one aspect of an event that causes an error in accurately predicting a future outcome.
Term
Antigen Reaction
Definition
This is an example of the body's second line of defense of immunity.
Term
cyanide poisoning
Definition
This is an example of hypoxia caused by an inability of cells to utilize oxygen.
Term
Rear-Impact
Definition
Neck hyper-extension is more common with which type of headache?
Term
1-5 mg of Midazolam IV
Definition
What medication would be given to rapidly sedate a pt?
Term
Pediatrics
Definition
a medical specialty that focuses on postnatal development from infancy through adolescence.
Term
Inotropic Medications
Definition
What type of medication would most likely be administered for cardiogenic shock?
Term
Dura Mater
Definition
What is the outermost layer of the meninges?
Term
E= Exertion, Exercise Tolerance

Does activity make the shortness of breath worse?
Definition
What does the E stand for in the PASTE mnemonic?
Term
P= Provoke, Progression

what was happening when the shortness of breath began? Has it gotten better or worse?
Definition
What does the P stand for in the PASTE mnemonic?
Term
VENTILATION

DIFFUSION

PERFUSION
Definition
What are the 3 processes that allow respiratory gas exchange to occur in the body?
Term
Puncture
Definition
The suffix "-centesis" means what?
Term
Morals
Definition
Standards relating to how human beings should act as they live and function within a society are called what?
Term
Parasympathetic v/s Sympathetic responses
Definition
What is the formula for HEART RATE?
Term
A tight compression
Definition
Pain caused by cardiac ischemia is typically described as what?
Term
Dorsiflexion
Definition
Bending a body part backwards.
Term
Neurogenic Shock
Definition
A spinal cod injury may result in what type of shock?
Term
Autonomy
Definition
The concept that sees each individual patient as being a distinct and self-governing person is known as what?
Term
Anti-diuretic Hormone
Definition
What does the POSTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND secrete?
Term

The dorsalis pedis or posterior tibial arteries.

[image]

 

Definition
Which arteries should be checked to confirm circulation in a patient's foot?
Term
encephalitis
Definition
Symptoms of sudden fever, headache, stiff neck, vomiting, increased sensitivity to light, confusion, irritability, seizures and loss of consciousness may indicate what?
Term
warm the infant's foot and reapply the pulse oximeter
Definition
You are called to the scene of a low-speed MVC on a cold, winter day. Your infant patient has no visible signs of trauma. The pulse oximeter shows SpO2 of 91% and HR of 127. You should first do what?
Term
Distributive
Definition
What type of shock is caused by peripheral vasodilation?
Term
infection and nerve palsies
Definition

The actions of these paramedics are increasing this patient's risk of what?

[image]

 

Term
The higher the velocity of the projectile, the GREATER the size of the cavitation tunnel, causing more damage to the surrounding tissue.
Definition
How does velocity affect the amount of damage done by this mechanism of injury?
Term
The cavitation tunnel may rupture the spleen.
Definition
Why might a patient with a gunshot wound to the chest present with signs of intaabdominal bleeding even if the peritoneum has not been penetrated?
Term

Hypoglossal

[image]

Definition
Which cranial nerve controls movement of the tongue?
Term
Myoclonus
Definition
Your PT has sudden involuntary jerking movements caused by a sudden contraction of a muscle or group of muscles, followed by relaxation. What condition should you suspect?
Term
Impaired proprioception
Definition
What frequently leads to falls in geriatric patients?
Term
30
Definition
By what age does noticeable physiological evidence of aging occur in most people?
Term
beta-blockers
Definition
What medication may mask the symptoms of abdominal aortic aneurysm in geriatric patients?
Term
The respiratory system's endurance will increase in response to exercise.
Definition
What changes in the respiratory system due to aging?
Term
The patient suffers from dysrhythmias, causing syncope.
Definition
You are called to the local nursing home where you encounter an elderly man on the floor in the hallway. Staff tells you that the patient has been falling frequently. During your physical exam you note several skin tears and contusions in various stages of healing. You are also told that the patient's heart medication has recently been changed. The patient has a history of hypertension. What should you suspect?
Term
Medications affect the atrial natriuretic peptide response.
Definition
What happens to the body's ability to maintain electrolyte and fluid balance as it ages?
Term
About 65% of the human body is water .
Definition
What percentage of the human body is water?
Term
An ACID dissociates into HYDROGEN ions in water .
Definition
What does an acid dissociate into in water?
Term
A BASE dissociates into HYDROXYL ions in water.
Definition
What does a base dissociate into in water?
Term
pH is a numerical scale showing the degree of acidity or alkalinity.
Definition
What is pH?
Term
The carbohydrate molecules are the monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides . They are a source
of energy .
Definition
What are carbohydrates and what do they do?
Term
Lipids
Definition
What are insoluable in water?
Term
Triglycerides
Definition
These consist of 3 fatty acids bonded to one glycerol molecule.
Term
Energy
Definition
Lipids and Triglycerides store large amounts of what?
Term
Amino acid building blocks
Definition
Proteins consist of what?
Term
Polypeptide
Definition
A protein's primary structure is the sequence of amino acids in a what?
Term
Structure

Regulation

Transport

Contraction

Catalysis
Definition
List 5 biological functions of protein...
Term
Nucleic acids
Definition
What consists of nucleotide building blocks?
Term
DNA
Definition
This is the heridity material of cells...
Term
RNA

PROTEINS
Definition
DNA directs the synthesis of ________, which directs the synthesis if ________.
Term
Epithelial
Definition
This tissue covers the free surfaces of the body...
Term
Squamus

Cuboidal

Columnar
Definition
What are the 3 shapes that epithelial tissue can take?
Term
Simple

Stratified
Definition
Epithelium can be either _______ or _______.
Term
Connective Tissue
Definition
This type of tissue consists of cells suspended in an intercellular material or matrix.
Term
Collagen

Elastin

Reticular Fibers
Definition
What can be found in the natrix thats associated with connective tissue?
Term
Areolar or loose connective tissue
Definition
This type of connective tissue has a variey of specialized cells such as fibroblasts
Term
Dense Fibrous Connective Tissue
Definition
This type of connective tissue has compact arrangement of collagen fibers.
Term
Cartilage
Definition
This has chondrocytes in lacunae in the matrix...
Term
Hyaline

Fibrocartilage

Elastic
Definition
What are the 3 subtypes of cartilage?
Term
Haversian system
Definition
BOne has osteocytes arranged in this type of system...
Term
Adipose Tissue
Definition
This type of connective tissue stores fat...
Term
Erythrocytes

Leukocytes

Thrombocytes
Definition
Blood has________, __________, and _______ suspended in the plasma.
Term
Contract
Definition
The cells of muscle tissue can do this...
Term
Striated

Multinucleated

Attaches to bone

Produces movement
Definition
List four things about skeletal muscle...
Term
Visceral muscle tissue
Definition
This type of muscle tissue composes all internal organs except the heart...
Term
Visceral Muscle Tissue
Definition
This type of muscle tissue is smooth and the cells have one nucleus each.
Term
Cardiac Muscle Tissue
Definition
This type of muscle tissue is striated with intercalated disks, and each cell has one nucleus...
Term
Neuron
Definition
This is the cell that sends a signal...
Term
Dendrite

Cell Body

Axon
Definition
The signal of a neuron travels from the ______ to the ______ to the ______.
Term
Glial cells
Definition
These cells protect and support neurons...
Term
Possible LOC
Dazed
Headache
Nausea
Vomiting
Definition
Sign/Symptoms of concussion:
Term
Objects in the vehicle that could have hit the occupants and caused injury.
Definition
When determining mechanism of injury at an MVC, what should you also look for?
Term
GCS (Glasco Coma Score)
Definition
ONe of the most important things you can document on the call sheet...
Term
You should recheck the GCS for changes
Definition
what should you do with every vital sign check?
Term
Maintain adequate airway
Prevent secondary insults
Treat signs of increasing ICP
Definition
Treatment of ICP (Intracranial Pressure)
Term
some type of long-term impact
Definition
GCS of <8 =
Term
only 20% will survive
Definition
GCS of 3-5
Term
Usuallly fatal outcome
Definition
Hypotension + TBI=
Term
Usually fatal outcome
Definition
Hypoxemia + TBI=
Term
IV bolus to maintain 90mmHg and early RSI
Definition
How can you help prevent Hypovolemia and Hypoxemia in TBI (traumatic brain injury) patients?
Term
35-45
Definition
Normal pCo2?
Term
plenty of oxygen
Definition
What is needed to help sustain metabolism?
Term
Decreases the metabolic rate by 6-7% which can help save brain tissue
Definition
Cooling of 1 degree does what to the metabolic rate of the brain?
Term
hypertesion
bradycardia
irregular respiratory pattersn
Definition
Signs of Cushings...
Term
Blood behind the iris. (indication of an orbital fracture)
Definition
What is Hyphema?
Term
Airway-position of pt can be important

breathing-needle thoracostomy is indicated if tension pneumothorax is suspected

Circulation- one or two large bore IV's
Definition
Treatment of facial trauma...
Term
hypo has sympathetic responses

neuro presents with warm dry skin, flushed tone, and usually normal to slightly bradycardic pulses
Definition
Difference in hypovolemic and neurogenic shock:
Term
If possible, stop the bleeding

give enough fluid to keep BP around 90 mmhg

get to definitive care
Definition
how do you treat hypovolemic shock?
Term
Start IV and "fill the tank"

keep the patient warm

Hang a dopamine drip titrated to keep pressure around 90 mmg
Definition
what are the 2 intital things to do for neurogenic shock?
Term
at point where c-spine meets with the base of the skull
Definition
Where is the odontoid process?
Term
motor-vehicle collisions
Definition
The mjority of spinal cord injuries are caused by what mechanism of injury?
Term
Blunt trauma
Definition
MOst spinal injuries are caused by what type of trauma?
Term
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacrum/Coccyx
Definition
Major divisions of the spinal column:
Term
area of sensation in relation to an area of the spinal column
Definition
what is a dermatome?
Term
scloiosis

kyphosis

lordosis
Definition
what are chronic spinal pathologies?
Term
hunchback
Definition
What is kyphosis?
Term
swayback
Definition
What is lordosis?
Term
lateral curvature of the spine
Definition
what is scoliosis?
Term
Temporary absence of sensory and motor function below the level of injury. Generally resolves in 24-48 hours
Definition
What is spinal shock?
Term
elevated BP
pounding headache
bradycardia
profuse sweating
piloerection
cardiac arrhythmias
flushing of skin
blurred vision
appearance of spots in pts vision
nasal congestion
Definition
Signs of spinal shock...
Term
Force applied to either the top or bottom of the spine, which is directed along the length of the spine.
Definition
What is vertical compression?
Term
WHen the vertical compression is applied to the top of the cranium.
Definition
What is axial load?
Term
When the vertebrae shatters outward from within.
Definition
What is a burst fracture?
Term
A break in the bone that has not penetrated through the surrounding tissue
Definition
What is a closed fracture?
Term
A fracture that involes only one side of the bone (torus or greenstick on pediatrics)
Definition
What is an incomplete fracture?
Term
A fracture that involves all the layers of the bone
Definition
What is a complete fracture?
Term
Fracture in which there is movement of the two bone fragments away from each other
Definition
What is a displaced fracture?
Term
A fracture where the two fragments remain in alignment with each other.
Definition
What is a non-displaced fracture?
Term
A fracture that involves several breaks in the bone. Damage is often increased due to the presence of multiple fragments
Definition
What is a comminuted fracture?
Term
A fracture that occurs through diseased bone due to an inherent underlying weakness
Definition
What is a pathological fracture?
Term
Fracture with an soft tissue wound adjacent to the suspected injury
Definition
What is an open fracture?
Term
A fracture in the bone caused by repetitive, long-term, or abnormal stress. (Also called March fracture)
Definition
What is a stress fracture?
Term
A fracture through the growth plate of the bone
Definition
What is an epiphyseal plate fracture?
Term
500-1000 ml
Definition
What is the amount of blood loss from a tibia/fibula fracture?
Term
1000-2000 ml
Definition
What is the amount of blood loss in a femur fracture?
Term
1000-massive (total blood supply)
Definition
What is the amount of blood loss in a pelvic fracture?
Term
Calcium
Definition
What is the main electrolyte for muscle contraction?
Term
blood clotting
Definition
Other than its muscle use, what is another use of calcium?
Term
Fibrous

Cartilaginous

Synovial
Definition
Wat are the 3 types of joints?
Term
Complete dislocation of a joint
Definition
What is a luxation?
Term
Partial or incomplete dislocation of a joint
Definition
What is a subluxation?
Term
Muscles to bone
Definition
What do tendons bind?
Term
bone to bone
Definition
What do ligaments bind?
Term
Stretching forces applied to a ligament.
Definition
What causes a sprain?
Term
Stretching forces applied to a tendon
Definition
What causes a strain?
Term
Cells that form bone
Definition
what are osteoblasts?
Term
when they lay down new bone tissue
Definition
when do osteoblasts become osteocytes?
Term
Cells that reabsorb bone for growth and repair
Definition
What are osteoclasts?
Term
compact (cortical bone) and spongy (cancellous bone)
Definition
What 2 types of tissue are bone composed of?
Term
A thickened layer of tissue that covers all bone.
Definition
What is periosteum?
Term
Pain

Pallor

Pressue

Parasthesia

Paralysis

Pulselessness
Definition
What are the 6 P's of a limb injury?
Term
Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevation
Definition
RICE?
Term
the location of the injury
Definition
When treating a gunshot victim, the most important variable to consider when determining the severity of the injury is
Term
administer crystalloid fluid boluses
Definition
Your 9 year old patient was injured while diving into a shallow swimming pool. He has been immobilized, and is presenting with an elevated respiratory rate, cold hands, a weak pulse, and confusion. While enroute to the nearest pediatric trauma center, you should
Term
A dislocated knee
Definition
A vehicle with air bag deployment with no visible signs of a star-burst on the windshield was involved in a head-on collision at 15 mph; all of the occupants were wearing seatbelts. What injury did the driver MOST likely sustain?
Term
Safety features are designed to allow the gradual dissipation of collision forces.
Definition
Which of the following statements about the safety features of a motor vehicle is CORRECT?
Term
immobilize the patient, turn the entire device and patient, and suction frequently to prevent airway compromise.
Definition
Your 32 year old patient was attacked in a dark alleyway. He is lying prone on the ground, and responds only to pain. He has multiple, shallow stab wounds to the abdomen and a deep laceration on his cheek that is bleeding freely. He also has bruising at the base of his skull. After rapidly assessing the ABCs, you should
Term
Femur-Hip
Definition
This patient was involved in a head-on collision when he lost traction on a country road, ran into a ditch and collided with a tree. These paramedics should most suspect what type of fracture?
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