Term
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Definition
| What is crushing substernal chest pain a classic sign of? |
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Term
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Definition
| What condition should be ruled out if the patient presents with either toothache / jaw pain or bad belly ache? |
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Term
Morphine, Oxygen, Nitroglycerin, Aspirin
Myocardial Infarction |
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Definition
| What does the acronym "MONA" stand for? What condition is it the indicated treatment for? |
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Term
Right Side Failure
(PE, Tension Pneumo, Cardiac Tamponade, COPD) |
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Definition
| You are presented with a patient complaining of difficulty breathing and chest discomfort. Initial assessment reveals the presence of JVD. What should you suspect? |
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Term
| Can't blow off CO2, (Normal blood gases between 35-45 and Hypercarbia is over 45) |
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Definition
| Why are COPD patients typically hypercarbic? What level do you expect to find their blood gases? |
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Term
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Definition
| What cause should be suspected in any female of child bearing age with belly pain? |
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Term
| False. Place the patient in a position of comfort |
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Definition
True or False:
Ectopic pregnancies should always be transported in the Left Lateral Recumbent position. |
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Term
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Definition
| You are presented with a very tall, thin 32 year old male, complaining of shortness of breath. No medical history other than a life long smoker. What do you suspect could be the culprit? |
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Term
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Definition
| Name a genetic disorder that presents with weakness of the arterial walls, often with aneurysm history that is prevalent in tall, thin people. |
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Term
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Definition
| What three conditions should be ruled out first if your patient has a history of HTN? |
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Term
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Definition
| What complication of pregnancy is indicated in a presentation of painless, bright red bleeding? |
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Term
Abruptio Placentae
Note: massive bleeding indicative of total abruption. |
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Definition
| What complication of pregnancy presents with painful vaginal bleeding, sudden sharp tearing pain, a stiff board like abdomen? |
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Term
3rd trimester
Note: NR scenario states a presentation of painful tearing / ripping sensation; sometimes with blood. |
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Definition
| During which stage of pregnancy does placental abruption occur? |
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Term
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Definition
| What condition (at altitudes above appx 6600 feet) presents with lightheadedness, breathlessness, weakness, headache, nausea and vomiting? |
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Term
Return to your normal altitude or wait until you acclimate to your current altitude.
Fluids also recommended. |
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Definition
| What treatment is typically effective for altitude sickness (Acute Mountain Sickness)? |
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Term
Addison's Disease
(Hypoadrenalism or chronic adrenal insufficiency) |
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Definition
| What disease presents with progressive weakness, fatigue, decreased appetite, weight loss, hyperpigmentation of the skin, vomiting or diarrhea? |
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Term
| Adrenal Disease / Hypoadrenalism |
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Definition
| Possibly an autoimmune disease. can also be caused by an intense stressor on the system. Cessation of gland function. Death from cardiopulmonary collapse. |
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Term
| Anaphylaxis / Allergic Reaction |
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Definition
| S/S: flushed skin, itching, hives, swelling of skin, cyanosis, respiratory difficulty, sneezing coughing, wheezing, stridor, laryngeal edema, laryngospasm, bronchospasm, vasodilation, increased heart rate, decreased blood pressure, nausea and vomiting, abcominal cramping, diarrhea, dizziness, headache, convulsions, tearing. |
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Term
| Benadryl (Diphenhydramine) |
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Definition
| What treatment / medication is given for a simple allergic reaction? |
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Term
| Epinephrine because it both dilates the bronchioles and constricts the vessels (both alpha and beta qualities). |
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Definition
| What is the drug of choice in treating anaphylaxis and why? |
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Term
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Definition
What is the antibody driver behind anaphylaxis and what type of reaction is it responsible for triggering?
Type ____ Reaction |
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Term
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Definition
| What are the two most concerning signs / symptoms related to anaphylaxis? |
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Term
| Mast Cells and Mobile Mast Cells (Basophils) |
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Definition
| IgE is attached to what type of cells? |
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Term
Ingestion
Absorption
Inhalation
Injection: most severe and most often lethal. Delivered by the sting of a hymenoptera. |
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Definition
Name four routes by which an allergen can bypass the body's defenses to cause an anaphylactic reaction.
Which of these is the most concerning and how is it most commonly encountered? |
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Term
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Definition
| What disease presents with short term memory problems, shufflling gait, muscular stiffness, aphasia, psychiatric disturbances and decorticate posturing? |
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Term
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Definition
| What condition presents with sudden onset of chest discomfort lasting 3-5 (or as long as 15 minutes) with one or more of the following: radiating chest pain, epigastric pain, labored breathing, elevated BP during episode? |
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Term
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Definition
| Chest pain with no death of cardiac muscle? |
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Term
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Definition
| Chest pain caused by a spasm and thought to be a calcium disturbance? |
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Term
Stable: occurs with activity and is relieved with rest
Unstable: Occurs at rest, lasts longer than 15 minutes and appears as crescendo attacks. |
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Definition
| Define the differences between stable and unstable angina. |
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Term
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Definition
| What condition is indicated by a "shark fin" waveform on the capnogram? |
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Term
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Definition
| What condition presents with dyspnea, wheezing, tachycardia, decreased O2 saturation and general anxiety / agitation. |
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Term
Pulsus Paradoxus
It is a sign that is indicative of several conditions, including cardiac tamponade, pericarditis, chronic sleep apnea, croup and obstructive lung disease such as COPD or asthma. |
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Definition
What condition is indicated by a pulse (i.e. blood pressure) that becomes weaker upon inhalation?
More technically: Indicated by a Blood pressure drop greater than 10mm Hg. |
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Term
| Have you ever been intubated? |
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Definition
| When presented with a patient complaining of difficulty breathing where asthma is suspected as the culprit, what is the first question you should ask? |
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Term
1: Bronchospasm
2: Inflammation
Pathogenesis and Definition:
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways which causes recurrent episodes of wheezing, chest tightness and coughing. The inflammation which occurs in asthma is caused by many different cells and cellular elements including eosinophils, mast cells, T lymphocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, and epithelial cells. This inflammation is directly correlated to airway hyperresponsivenes. Control of airway inflammation will cause a decrease in hyperresponsiveness.
The four main components of airflow obstruction in asthma are:
- Acute Bronchoconstriction
Allergen-induced bronchoconstriction results from IgE dependant mediator release from mast cells. Other causes of bronchoconstriction include aspirin or NSAIDs, exercise, cold air, irritants or stress.
- Airway Edema
Increased microvascular permeability due to the release of inflammatory mediators causes increased thickening and swelling of the airway.
- Chronic Mucus Plug Formation
In severe asthma, mucus secretion and the formation of inspissated mucus plugs can cause persistent airflow limitation.
- Airway Remodeling
Airflow limitation in some patients with asthma may be only partially reversible. This may be related to structural changes in the airway matrix which accompany longstanding airway inflammation.
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Definition
| What are the first two stages of asthma? |
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Term
| Absence of wheezing or other lung sounds |
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Definition
| When presented with a patient suffering from asthma, what sign would indicate imminent death? |
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Term
Albuterol and Oxygen.
Epinephrine if severe. |
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Definition
| What is the prehospital treatment for asthma? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is the drug classification for asthma? |
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Term
| Pressure in the lung from trapped air compresses the heart and causes decrease in output. |
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Definition
| In the asthmatic patient, what is the pathogenesis of pulsis paradoxus? |
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Term
| Steroids, Beta 2 agonist (such as Advair or Symbicort), Atrovent |
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Definition
| What 3 drugs are commonly found in rescue inhalers for asthmatics? |
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Term
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Definition
| An insect bite that presents as a localized site with redness, swelling, progressive muscle spasms of all large muscle groups, nausea and vomiting, sweating, seizures, paralysis, and decreased level of consciousness is most likely inflicted by what? |
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Term
IV muscle relaxants (for severe spasms)
Diazepam 2.5 - 10 mg IV
Calcium Gluconate .1 - .2/Kg of 10% solution IV
Antivenin if available |
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Definition
| What is the course of treatment for a Black Widow Spider Bite? |
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Term
1: Left Side Failure
2: Myocardial Infarctioin
3: Left Side Failure
4: Wet Lung Sounds |
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Definition
#1 Cause of Pulmonary Edema is __________
#1 Cause of Left Side Failure is ___________
Right Side Failure is caused by __________
This chain of symptoms leads us to suspect MI based on what initial finding? |
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