Term
|
Definition
Form: 2.5 mg in 3 mL solution
Dosage: 2.5 mg diluted to 3mL with 6-10l/min O2 |
|
|
Term
Albuterol
Class & Mechanism |
|
Definition
Class: Sympathomimetic
Mechanism: Selective Beta 2- Adrenergic Agonist
**Relaxes smooth muscle of all airways... from trachea to bronchioles** |
|
|
Term
Albuterol
Indications & Contraindications |
|
Definition
Indications: Bronchospasm in COPD/Asthma Pts
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity |
|
|
Term
Activated Charcoal
Class & Mechanism |
|
Definition
Class: Adsorbant
Mechanism: Toxic substances in the GI tract attach to it |
|
|
Term
Activated Charcoal
Form & Dosage |
|
Definition
Form: 25 g suspended in 125 mL of liquid
Dosage: 1-2 g/kg |
|
|
Term
Adenosine
Class & Mechanism |
|
Definition
Class: Antidysrhythmic
Mechanism: Slows conduction through the AV Node, disrupting reentry pathways.
**Negative Chronotropic Actions**
***Prolongs AV conduction by an activation of Potassium (K+) channels or an inhibition of the slow Ca2+ inward current (AV Node) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Paroxysmal SVT
SVT unresponsive to Vagal Maneuvers |
|
|
Term
Adenosine
Contraindications |
|
Definition
Sick Sinus Syndrome
Junctional Rhythms
2nd & 3rd - degree blocks
Bronchoconstrictive lung disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Form: 3mg/mL in 2mL vials
Dosages: 1st: 6 mg rapid IV push (Pref Right sided IV) followed by 10-40 mL NS Flush
2nd & 3rd: 12 mg rapid IV push followed by 10-40mL NS Flush |
|
|
Term
Amiodarone
Class & Mechanism |
|
Definition
Class: Antidysrhythmic
Mechanism: Blocks Cardiac Na+ & K+ channels; delays repolarization |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ventricular Fibrillation (VF)
Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) |
|
|
Term
Amiodarone
Contraindications |
|
Definition
Hypersensitivity
STs with aberrancy
**Aberrancy: intermittent abnormal intraventricular conduction of a supraventricular pulse (PACs)** |
|
|
Term
Amiodarone
Drug Interactions |
|
Definition
May precipitate digitalis toxicity
Beta-blockers & Calcium Channel Blockers may cause sinus arrest & AV Blocks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Form: 50 mg/mL vials & prefilled syringes
Dosages:
VF/Pulseless VT: 300 mg as IV Bolus; 150 mg after 3-5 minutes if no response.
Stable VT with Pulses: 150 mg over 10 minutes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Class: Anti-platelet & Anti-inflammatory
Mechanism: Inhibits platelet aggregation
**Inhibits platelet generation of thromboxane A2 & prostaglandins... required clotting factors** |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Hypersensitivity
Active Bleeding or Ulcers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Form: 81 mg chewable tablets (Baby Aspirin)
Dosage: 162 - 324 mg, chewed |
|
|
Term
Atropine
Class & Mechanism |
|
Definition
Class: Anticholinergic
Mechanism: Inhibits parasympathetic nerve impulses by selectively blocking neurotransmitter, ACETYLCHOLINE, to it's receptor in nerve cells.
**Positive Inotrope.**
***Increases HR in Sinus Bradycardia*** |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Hemodynamically significant (symptomatic) bradycardia
Organophosphate poisoning |
|
|
Term
Atropine
Contraindications |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Atropine
Drug Interactions |
|
Definition
Effects enhanced by: Antihistamines
Procainamide
Antipsychotics
Benzodiazepines |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Form: 1 mg in 10 mL prefilled syringe
Dosage: 0.5 - 1 mg as IV Bolus
Repeatable to MAX of 3 mg |
|
|
Term
Calcium Chloride
Class & Mechanism |
|
Definition
Class: Electrolyte
Mechanism: Positive Inotrope & Ventricular Automaticity |
|
|
Term
Calcium Chloride
Indications |
|
Definition
Hypocalcemia
Hyperkalemia
Hypermagnesemia
Beta-Blocker Overdose
Calcium Channel Blocker Overdose
Cardiac Arrest in Dialysis Pts |
|
|
Term
Calcium Chloride
Contraindications |
|
Definition
Ventricular Fibrillation (VF)
Digitalis Toxicity |
|
|
Term
Calcium Chloride
Drug Interactions
**Very Important** |
|
Definition
DO NOT administer in the same IV line as Sodium Bicarbonate.
*It will crystallize** |
|
|
Term
Calcium Chloride
Form & Dosage |
|
Definition
Form: 1 g in 10mL prefilled syringe
Dosage: 1 g, repeat as needed |
|
|
Term
Dexamethasone
Class & Mechanism |
|
Definition
Class: Corticosteroid
Mechanism: Suppresses acute & chronic inflammation |
|
|
Term
Dexamethasone
Indications & Contraindications |
|
Definition
Indications: Anaphylaxis
Asthma
COPD
Spinal Cord Injury
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity
Uncontrolled Infection |
|
|
Term
Dextrose (D50)
Class & Mechanism |
|
Definition
Class: Carbohydrate
Mechanism: Increases serum glucose levels |
|
|
Term
Dextrose (D50)
Indications & Contraindications |
|
Definition
Indications: Hypoglycemia
Contraindications: Intracranial Hemorrhage |
|
|
Term
Dextrose (D50)
Form & Dosage |
|
Definition
Form: 25 g in 50 mL syringe
Dosage: 12.5 - 25 g
Dilute to D25 or D10 for peds |
|
|
Term
Diazepam
Class & Mechanism |
|
Definition
Class: Benzodiazepine
Mechanism: Induces amnesia & sedation
**Bind to specific receptors in the central nervous system...cause an increased inhibitory effect of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).**
***anxiolytic, sedative/hypnotic, muscle relaxant and anticonvulsant effects*** |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Severe Anxiety
Seizures
Alcohol Withdrawal (DTs) |
|
|
Term
Diazepam
Contraindications |
|
Definition
Hypersensitivity
Glaucoma
Head Injury
Myasthenia Gravis ( a chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disease that causes weakness in the skeletal muscles, which are responsible for breathing and moving parts of the body, including the arms and legs) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Form: 10 mg in 2 mL prefilled syringe
Dosage: 5-10 mg slow IV push |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Class: Inotropic Agent
Mechanism: Positive Inotrope;
Increases AV node refractory
period |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
Atrial Fibrillation with Rapid Ventricular
Response(AF with RVR)
Atrial Flutter |
|
|
Term
Digoxin
Contraindications |
|
Definition
Ventricular Fibrillation (VF)
Ventricular Tachycardia (VT)
Hypersensitivity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Form: 0.25 mg/mL vials
Dosage: 4-6 mcg/kg for 5 minutes |
|
|
Term
Diltiazem
Class & Mechanism |
|
Definition
Class: Calcium Channel Blocker
Mechanism: Reduces preload & afterload
Blocks Cardiac Calcium Channels
during repolarization |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Atrial Fibrillation with Rapid Ventricular Response (AF with RVR)
Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) |
|
|
Term
Diltiazem
Contraindications |
|
Definition
Hypotension
Sick Sinus Syndrome with no pacemaker
Cardiogenic Shock
Ventriculat Tachycardia (VT) |
|
|
Term
Diltiazem
Drug Interactions |
|
Definition
| DO NOT use with Patients on Beta-Blockers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Form: 5 mg/mL (refrigerated)
Dosages: 0.25 mg/kg for 2 minutes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Renal & Hepatic Insufficiency |
|
|
Term
Diphenhydramine
Class & Mechanism |
|
Definition
Class: Antihistamine & Anticholinergic
Mechanism: Inhibits parasympathetic nerve impulses by selectively blocking neurotransmitter, ACETYLCHOLINE, to it's receptor in nerve cells |
|
|
Term
Diphenhydramine
Indications & Contraindications |
|
Definition
Indications: Allergic Reactions & Anaphylaxis
Contraindications: Asthma
Pregnancy
Glaucoma
Hypertension
MAOIs & Peds |
|
|
Term
Diphenhydramine
Drug Interactions |
|
Definition
MAOIs prolong effects
Potentiates alcohol & other anticholinergics |
|
|
Term
Diphenhydramine
Form & Dosage |
|
Definition
Form: 50 mg/mL vials
Dosage: 25-50 mg IV Bouls or IM |
|
|
Term
Dobutamine
Class & Mechanism |
|
Definition
Class: Sympathomimetic
Mechanism: Increases myocardial stroke volume, contractility, and output without increasing HR |
|
|
Term
Dobutamine
Indications & Contraindications |
|
Definition
Indications: CHF & Cardiogenic Shock
Contraindications: Tachydysrhythmias
Severe Hypotension |
|
|
Term
Dobutamine
Drug Interactions |
|
Definition
| Incompatible with Furosemide & Bicarbonate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Form: 1 mg/mL IV Infusion
Dosage: 2-20 mcg/kg/min, titrated to effect |
|
|
Term
Dopamine
Class & Mechanism |
|
Definition
Class: Sympathomimetic
Mechanism: Increases Myocardial Stroke Volume, Contractility, HR, and Cardiac Output.
Increases Peripheral Vascular Resistance & Preload while maintaining Renal & Mesenteric Blood Flow |
|
|
Term
Dopamine
Indications & Contraindications |
|
Definition
Indications: CHF & Cardiogenic Shock
Contraindications: Tachydysrhythmia, Severe Hyoptension, & Pheochromocytoma
**Pheochromocytoma: rare tumor that usually starts in the cells of the adrenal glands** |
|
|
Term
Dopamine
Drug Interactions |
|
Definition
MAOIs Potentiate
Beta-Blockers & Bicarbonate Inhibit |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Form: 200 mg/5 mL vial
Dosage: **Dilute 200 mg in 250mL D5W**
2-20 mcg/kg/min titrated to effect |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Epinephrine 1:1,000
(Vial)
Class & Mechanism |
|
Definition
Class: Sympathomimetic
Mechanism: Alpha, Beta-1, Beta-2 agonist |
|
|
Term
Epinephrine
Alpha Effects |
|
Definition
Arteries Constrict
Increases Blood Pressure
Increases Blood return to the Heart |
|
|
Term
Epinephrine
Beta-1 Effects |
|
Definition
Increases Heart Rate (Positive Chronotrope)
Increases Contractility (Positive Inotrope) |
|
|
Term
Epinephrine
Beta-2 Effects |
|
Definition
Dilation of the bronchioles in the lungs
Dilation of the vessels in the skeletal muscles |
|
|
Term
Epinephrine 1:1,000
(Vial)
Indications & Contraindications |
|
Definition
Indications: Anaphylaxis
Asthma
Contraindications: None in Prehospital |
|
|
Term
Epinephrine 1:1,000
(Vial)
Form & Dosage |
|
Definition
Form: 1 mg in 1 mL ampule
Dosage: 0.3 mg IM or SQ |
|
|
Term
Epinephrine
Drug Interactions |
|
Definition
MAOIs Potentiate
Beta-Blockers & Bicarbonate Inhibit |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Increases Myocardial O2 Demand |
|
|
Term
Epinephrine 1:10,000
(Prefilled)
Indications & Contraindications |
|
Definition
Indications: Cardiac Arrest
No Contraindications in the Prehospital |
|
|
Term
Epinephrine 1:10,000
(Prefilled)
Form & Dosage |
|
Definition
Form: 1 mg in 10 mL prefilled syringe
Dosage: 1 mg IV Bolus every 3-5 minutes
**Double Dose for ETT** |
|
|
Term
Racemic Epinephrine
Indications & Contraindications |
|
Definition
Indications: Anaphylaxis, Asthma, Croup
Contraindications: Epiglottitis & Hypertension |
|
|
Term
Fentanyl
Class & Mechanism |
|
Definition
Class: Opiod Analgesic
Mechanism: Binds to Opiate Receptors |
|
|
Term
Fentanyl
Indications & Contraindications |
|
Definition
Indications: Pain Management
Contra: Hypersensitivity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Form: 100 mcg/2 mL ampules
Dosage: 1 mcg/kg slow IV push or IN |
|
|
Term
Flumazenil
Class & Mechanism |
|
Definition
Class: Benzodiazepine Antagonist
Mechanism: Reverses sedative effects |
|
|
Term
Flumazenil
Indications & Contraindications |
|
Definition
Indications: Respiratory depression from Benzodiazepines
Contra: Tricyclic Antidepressant Overdose
Hypersensitivity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Form: 0.1 mg/mL vials
Dosage: 1st: 0.2 mg IV/IO
2nd: 0.3 mg IV/IO
3rd: 0.5 mg IV/IO |
|
|
Term
Furosemide
Class & Mechanism |
|
Definition
Class: Loop Diuretic
Mechanism: Inhibits reabsorption of sodium and chloride ions in the ascending limb of the Loop of Henle |
|
|
Term
Furosemide
Indications & Contraindications |
|
Definition
Indications: Pulmonary Edema
CHF
Contra: Hypersensitivity
Renal Failure
Hypovolemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Form: 10 mg/mL Vials
Dosage: 0.5 - 1 mg/kg IV over 1-2 minutes |
|
|
Term
Glucagon
Class & Mechanism |
|
Definition
Class: Pancreatic Hormone
Mechanism: Increases BGL by releasing Glycogen stores in the liver |
|
|
Term
Glucagon
Indications & Contraindications |
|
Definition
Indications: Hypoglycemia
Beta-Blocker Overdose
Contra: Hyperglycemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Form: 1 mg powder requiring reconstitution with 1 mL NS
Dosage: Hypoglycemia: 1 mg IM
Beta-Blocker OD: 3-10 mg IV over
10 minutes |
|
|
Term
Haloperidol
Class & Mechainsm |
|
Definition
Class: Tranquilizer
Mechanism: Inhibits CNS catecholamine receptors and ascending reticular activating system |
|
|
Term
Haloperidol
Indications & Contraindications |
|
Definition
Indications: Acute Psychosis
Contra: Parkinson's Disease
Agitation from Shock
Hypoxia |
|
|
Term
Haloperidol
Drug Interactions |
|
Definition
Alcohol Potentiates
Epinephrine & Amphetamines Antagonize |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Form: 5 mg/mL vials and amps
Dosage: 2-5 mg every 30-60 minutes |
|
|
Term
Haloperidol
Considerations |
|
Definition
| Treat resulting Hypotension with Fluids & Norepinephrine |
|
|
Term
Ipratroium
(Atrovent)
Class & Mechanism |
|
Definition
Class: Anticholinergic; Bronchodilator
Mechanism: Inhibits ACH receptor sites of bronchial smooth muscle |
|
|
Term
Ipratroium
(Atrovent)
Indications & Contraindications |
|
Definition
Indications: Asthma & COPD
Contra: Hypersensitivity to Atropine, Alkaloids, & Peanuts |
|
|
Term
Ipratroium
(Atrovent)
Form & Dosage |
|
Definition
Form: 0.5 mg/mL for Nebulizer
Dosage: 0.5 mg/mL for Nebulizer |
|
|
Term
Ketorolac
(Toradol)
Class & Mechanism |
|
Definition
Class: NSAID
Mechanism: Analgesic that does not sedate |
|
|
Term
Ketorolac
(Toradol)
Indications & Contraindications |
|
Definition
Indications: Moderate to Severe Pain
Contra: Allergies to other NSAIDs;
Asthma
Renal Failure
Active GI Bleed |
|
|
Term
Ketorolac
(Toradol)
Form & Dosage |
|
Definition
Form: 30 mg/mL vial
Dosage: 30-60 mg IM |
|
|
Term
Lidocaine
Class & Mechanism |
|
Definition
Class: Antidyrhythmic
Mechanism: Slows the rate of spontaneous phase 4 depolarization |
|
|
Term
Lidocaine
Indications & Contraindications |
|
Definition
Indications: VT & VF
Contra: Hypersensitivity |
|
|
Term
Lidocaine
Drug Interactions |
|
Definition
Potentiates Succinylcholine
Procainamide exacerbates CNS depression |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Form: 20 mg/mL in prefilled syringe
Dosage: Initial: 1.5 mg/kg
Repeat: 0.75 mg/kg every 10
minutes until 3 mg/kg total |
|
|
Term
Lorazepam
(Ativan)
Class & Mechanism |
|
Definition
Class: Benzodiazepine
Mechanism: Anxiolytic
Anticonvulsant
Sedative |
|
|
Term
Lorazepam
(Ativan)
Indications & Contraindications |
|
Definition
Indications: Seizures & Anxiety
Contra: Glaucoma & Drug Abuse |
|
|
Term
Lorazepam
(Ativan)
Drug Interactions |
|
Definition
| Additive effects with other CNS depressants |
|
|
Term
Lorazepam
(Ativan)
Form & Dosage |
|
Definition
Form: 2 mg/mL prefilled syringe
Dosage: 2-4 mg IM or IV (may be repeated) |
|
|
Term
Magnesium Sulfate
Class & Mechanism |
|
Definition
Class: Electrolyte
Mechanism: Reduces ACH release at the neuromuscular junction for smooth muscles |
|
|
Term
Magnesium Sulfate
Indications & Contra: |
|
Definition
Indications: Hypomagnesemia
Torsades de Pointes
Eclampsia
Contra: Heart Blocks |
|
|
Term
Magnesium Sulfate
Form & Dosage |
|
Definition
Form: 0.5 mg/mL vials
Dosage: Seizures: 1-4 g over 3 minutes
Torsades: 1-2 g for 5 minutes
Asthma: 1-2 g over 3 minutes |
|
|
Term
Midazolam
(Versed)
Class & Mechanism |
|
Definition
Class: Benzodiazepine
Mechanism: Binds with GABA receptors in brain to produce sedation |
|
|
Term
Midazolam
(Versed)
Indications & Contraindications |
|
Definition
Indications: Sedation for Procedures
Contraindications: Glaucoma |
|
|
Term
Midazolam
(Versed)
Form & Dosage |
|
Definition
Form: 1 mg/mL vials
Dosage: 2-5 mg IV Bolus |
|
|
Term
Morphine Sulfate
Class & Mechanism |
|
Definition
Class: Opiate Analgesic
Mechanism: Binds to opiate receptors |
|
|
Term
Morphine Sulfate
Indications & Contraindications |
|
Definition
Indications: Pain Management
Contra: Hypersensitivity
Undiagnosed Head Injury
Abdominal Pain |
|
|
Term
Morphine Sulfate
Form & Dosage |
|
Definition
Form: 100 mg/mL prefilled syringe
Dosage: 2-4 mg IV Bolus; repeatable |
|
|
Term
Morphine Sulfate
Considerations in Preggo Females |
|
Definition
| Crosses the placental barrier |
|
|
Term
Naloxone
Class & Mechanism |
|
Definition
Class: Opiate Antagonist
Mechanism: Competitive inhibition at opiate receptors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Form: 1 mg/mL vials and prefilled syringe
Dosage: 0.4 mg - 2 mg IV/IM/IN/SQ/or ETT |
|
|
Term
Nitroglycerine
Class & Mechanism |
|
Definition
Class: Vasodilator
Mechanism: Relaxes vascular, GI, and uterine smooth muscle; reduces preload |
|
|
Term
Nitroglycerine
Indications & Contraindications |
|
Definition
Indications: Chest Pain, AMI, CHF, & Pulmonary Edema
Contra: Hyoptension, Hypovolemia, Erectile dysfunction drug use |
|
|
Term
Nitroglycerine
Form & Dosage |
|
Definition
Form: 0.4 mg tablets
Dosage: Angina: 0.4 mg SL
CHF: 0.4-1.2 mg |
|
|
Term
Norepinephrine
Class & Mechanism |
|
Definition
Class: Sympathomimetic
Mechanism: Potent Alpha agonist results in peripheral vasoconstriction; Positive Chronotrope & Inotrope |
|
|
Term
Norepinephrine
Indications & Contraindications |
|
Definition
Indications: Cardiogenic Shock
Significant Hypotension
Contra: Hypotension caused by Hypovolemia |
|
|
Term
Norepinephrine
Form & Dosage |
|
Definition
Form: 1 mg/mL vials
Dosage: Dilute 8mg in 500 mL bag and infuse as IV piggyback @ 0.1-2 mcg/kg/min, titrated to effect |
|
|
Term
Ondansetron
Class & Mechanism |
|
Definition
Class: Antiemetic
Mechanism: Blocks actions of Serotonin
**Serotonin causes vomiting** |
|
|
Term
Ondansetron
Indications & Contraindications |
|
Definition
Indications: Vomiting
Contra: Allergy to medication or similar |
|
|
Term
Oral Glucose
Class & Mechanism |
|
Definition
Class: Carbohydrate
Mechanism: Increases BGL |
|
|
Term
Oral Glucose
Indications & Contraindications |
|
Definition
Indications: Hypoglycemia
Contra: Decreased LOC, Nausea, Vomiting |
|
|
Term
Oral Glucose
Form & Dosage |
|
Definition
Form: 15 g tubes of gel
Dosage: 15-45 g PO |
|
|
Term
Sodium Bicarbonate
Class & Mechanism |
|
Definition
Class: Alkalinizing Agent
Mechanism: Buffers Metabolic Acidosis |
|
|
Term
Sodium Bicarbonate
Indications & Contraindications |
|
Definition
Indications: Metabolic acidosis in Cardiac Arrest and Tricyclic Antidepressant and Aspirin Overdoses
Contra: Alkalosis & hypokalemia |
|
|
Term
Sodium Bicarbonate
Form & Dosage |
|
Definition
Form: 1 mEq/mL in 50 mL prefilled syringe
Dosage: 1 mEq/mL as IV Bolus |
|
|
Term
Terbutaline
Class & Mechanism |
|
Definition
Class: Beta-2 selective agonist
Mechanism: Smooth muscle relaxant in Bronchioles |
|
|
Term
Terbutaline
Indications & Contraindications |
|
Definition
Indications: Asthma & COPD
Contra: Hypersensitivity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Form: 1 mg/mL vial
Dosage: 0.25 mg SQ; repeatable once |
|
|
Term
Etomidate
Class & Mechanism |
|
Definition
Class: Hypnotic
Mechanism: Acts on reticular activating system |
|
|
Term
Etomidate
Indications & Contraindications |
|
Definition
Indications: Premedication for intubation or cardioversion
Contra: Hypersensitivity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Form: 2 mg/mL vials
Dosage: 0.2-0.6mg/kg IV infused over 30-60 seconds |
|
|
Term
Succinylcholine Chloride
Class & Mechanism |
|
Definition
Class: Depolarizing paralytic
Mechanism: Attaches to ACH receptors in the neuromuscular junction; depolarizing the muscle |
|
|
Term
Succinylcholine Chloride
Indications & Contraindications |
|
Definition
Indications: Rapid Sequence Intubation
Contra: Glaucoma, Eye Injuries, Malignant hyperthermia, multisystem trauma, & major burns |
|
|
Term
Succinylcholine Chloride
Form & Dosage |
|
Definition
Form: 20 mg/mL vials
Dosage: 1.5 mg/kg rapid IV Bolus |
|
|
Term
Vasopressin
Class & Mechanism |
|
Definition
Class: Vasopressor
Mechanism: Potent vasoconstrictor in high doses |
|
|
Term
Vasopressin
Indications & Contraindications |
|
Definition
Indications: Alternative to 1st or 2nd Epinephrine in a cardiac arrest
Contra: None |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Form: 20 units/mL vials
Dosage: 40 units |
|
|
