Term
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Definition
| involves a general feeling of apprehension about possible future danger |
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Term
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Definition
| an alarm reaction that occurs in response to immediate danger |
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Term
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Definition
| show maladaptive and self-defeating behaviors, they are not incoherent, dangerous, or out of touch with reality |
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Term
| Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) |
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Definition
| a mental illness that causes repeated unwanted thoughts or sensations (obsessions) or the urge to do something over and over again (compulsions). |
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Term
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Definition
| a sudden episode of intense fear that triggers severe physical reactions when there is no real danger or apparent cause |
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Term
| Components of fear and anxiety |
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Definition
1. cognitive/subjective
2. physiological
3. behavioral |
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Term
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Definition
| characterized by unrealistic, irrational fears or anxieties that cause significant distress and/or impairments in functioning |
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Term
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Definition
| a persistent and disproportionate fear of some specific object or situation that presents little or no actual danger and yet leads to a great deal of avoidance of these feared situations |
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Term
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Definition
| said to be present if a person shows strong and persistent fear that is triggered by the presence of a specific object or situation and leads to significant distress and/or impairment in a person’s ability to function |
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Term
| Subtypes of specific phobias in DSM-5 |
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Definition
Animal
Natural Environment
Blood-injection injury
Situational
Other |
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Term
| blood-injection-injury phobia |
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Definition
| show a unique physiological response when confronted with the sight of blood or injury |
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Term
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Definition
| concept developed to explain why certain associations are learned more readily than others |
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Term
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Definition
| a form of behavior therapy that involves controlled exposure to the stimuli or situations that elicit phobic fear |
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Term
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Definition
| characterized by disabling fears of one or more specific social situations (such as public speaking, urinating in a public bathroom, or eating or writing in public) |
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Term
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Definition
| a group of therapeutic techniques that help people notice and change their negative thinking patterns |
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Term
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Definition
| defined and characterized by the occurrence of panic attacks that often seem to come “out of the blue.” |
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Term
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Definition
| commonly feared and avoided situations include streets and crowded places such as shop- ping malls, movie theaters, and stores |
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Term
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Definition
| a collection of nuclei in front of the hippocampus in the limbic system of the brain that is critically involved in the emotion of fear. |
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Term
| panic provocation procedures |
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Definition
| procedures that produce panic attacks in panic disorder clients at a much higher rate than in normal subjects |
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Term
| interoceptive conditioning (or exteroceptive conditioning) |
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Definition
| classical conditioning that requires direct access to internal organs, through fistulas, balloons inserted into the digestive tract, or implanted electrical devices, to present the conditioned stimulus. |
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Term
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Definition
| a trait-like belief that certain bodily symptoms may have harmful consequences—are more prone to developing panic attacks and perhaps panic disorder |
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Term
| generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) |
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Definition
| worry about many different aspects of life (including minor events) becomes chronic, excessive, and unreasonable |
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Term
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Definition
| persistent and recurrent intrusive thoughts, images, or impulses that are experienced as disturbing, inappropriate, and uncontrollable. |
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Term
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Definition
| involve overt repetitive behaviors that are performed as lengthy rituals (such as hand washing, checking, putting things in order over and over again). |
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Term
exposure and response prevention
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Definition
The exposure component involves having individuals with OCD repeatedly expose themselves (either in guided fantasy or directly) to stimuli that provoke their obsessions.
The response prevention component requires that they then refrain from engaging in the rituals that they ordinarily would perform to reduce their anxiety or distress
Preventing the rituals is essential so that they can see that if they allow enough time to pass, the anxiety created by the obsession will dissipate naturally down to at least 40 to 50 on a 100-point scale, even if this takes several hours |
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Term
Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) |
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Definition
| obsessed with some perceived or imagined flaw or flaws in their appearance to the point they firmly believe they are disfigured or ugly |
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Term
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Definition
| both acquire and fail to discard many possessions that seem useless or of very limited value, in part because of the emotional attachment they develop to their possessions. |
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Term
| Trichotillomania (also known as compulsive hair pulling) |
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Definition
| the urge to pull out one’s hair from anywhere on the body (most often the scalp, eyebrows, or arms), resulting in noticeable hair loss |
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