Term
| 12 month prevalence of Panic Disorder |
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Definition
| 2-3% in adults and adolescents (DSM 5) |
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Term
| Triple Threat Vulnerability Model |
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Definition
- Barlow, 1988
- heritable biological diathesis
- Lower threshold to experience panic attacks
- More likely to react to stressors with arousal and physical symptoms
- generalized psychological vulnerability
- sense of impending uncontrollable and unpredictable threat or danger (e.g.,history of lack of control may put individuals at risk for experiencing chronic negative emotional states through the development)
- (3) specific psychological vulnerability (specific beliefs that make the person vulnerable to a particular anxiety disorder).
- early learning (vicarious learning) experiences that focus anxiety on certain circumstance, parents discussing events as threatening and dangerous and reinforcing avoidance or escape (e.g., physical sensations are dangerous; social evaluation is dangerous; bad thoughts are dangerous) |
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Term
| Evidence for Triple Threat Heritable Biological Diathesis |
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Definition
Emotional reactivity at age 3 significantly predicts Panic Disorder in young adults (Craske et al., 2001)
Twin studies: panic symptoms can be explained by unique source of genetic variance that is distinct from other symptoms of anxiety and depression (Kendler et al., 1987) |
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Term
| Evidence for Triple Threat generalized psychological vulnerability |
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Definition
- Hayward et al. (2000): Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI) predicted those who would develop panic attacks in adolescence and college age individuals
ASI predicts distress and symptom in response to procedures that produce strong physiological sensations, such as hyperventilation (Sturges et al., 1998)
Medical illness: experience with a personal respiratory disturbance as a youth predicts PD at age 18 or 21 (Craske, 2001); 1st degree relatives of patients with PD have higher prevalence of respiratory distress and asthma (Van Beek, 2005) |
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Term
| Evidence for Triple Threat specific psychological vulnerability |
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Definition
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Term
Differential Diagnosis for PD
and when would these be appropo? |
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Definition
- Other specified anxiety disorder or unspecified anxiety disorder
- Anxiety disorder due to another medical condition
- Substance/medication-induced anxiety disorder
- Other mental disorders with panic attacks as an associated feature (e.g., other anxiety disorders and psychotic disorders) |
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