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Pancreatitis, Hepatitis, Cirrhosis
S/S, Terms
21
Nursing
Undergraduate 2
06/06/2011

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Cards

Term
Pancreatitis: What causes the inflammation?
Definition
Enzymes:
-trypsin
-phospholipase
-elestase

*these are normally secreted to aid in digestion of fats and secreted from the pancreas into the pancreatic duct, then into the small intestine
Term
Pancreatitis: Pathophysiology, What actually happens at the cellular level?
Definition
Cellular damage and necrosis leads to activation of enzymes and vasoactive substances that produce vasodilitation and increased vascular permeability which leads to edema

Vessels are damaged which leads to fluid shifting into interstitial, retroperitoneal and abdominal cavity
Term
Acute Pancreatitis
Definition
-sudden onset
-triggered by fatty meal or ETOH
-leads to hospitalization, critical condition and death for some
-multisystem effects, reversible if they survive
-
Term
Acute Pancreatitis: S/S
Definition
-Pain: severe, sudden, upper left back, can vomit from severity
- Shock S/S: Decreased b/p, increased HR, cool clammy, decreased LOC, increased temp
-skin color changes, greenish hue
Term
Chronic Pancreatitis
Definition
-long term pancreatic damage
-insulin issues
Term
Chronic Pancreatitis: S/S
Definition
-recurrent pain, eventually fades to dullness
-N/V
-anorexia, weight loss
-steatorrhea (late) (fat, frothy, foul smelling, floating stools)
-insulin dependency (late & brittle)
-inability to break down fats and assist in digestion
Term
Acute Pancreatitis: What labs are elevated?
Definition
amylase
lipase
glucose
WBC
Term
Chronic Pancreatitis: Complications
Definition
-pseudocyst
-abscess
-hypocalcemia(fatt acids attack Ca, Ca dumped into urine)
-atelectasis/pneumonia
-sepsis
Term
Functions of the Liver
Definition
1 bile production/excretion
2 metabolism (glucose, protein, ammonia, lipid, hormone)
3 blood coagulation
4 detoxification
5 immunity
Term
Hepatitis: Preicteric (prodromal) S/S
Definition
-mailaise
-headache
-right upper quadrant pain
-N/V
-anorxia
-fever
-rash
-joint pain
-abrupt or slow onset
-often mistaken for flu
Term
Hepatitis: Icteric S/S
Definition
-jaundice
-light colored stool
-dark urine
-pruritis
-GI s/s continue

-starts 5-10 days after onset of preicteric stage
-2-4 week duration
-jaundice common in A&B, not in C
Term
Hepatitis: Posticteric (convalescent) S/S
Definition
-fatigue
-malaise
-liver enlargement for several months if slow recovery
-no jaundice
-decreased liver pain, enzymes, GI S/S
Term
Hepatitis: Diagnotics
Definition
-liver studies increased ( AST, SGOT, ALT, SGPT, GGT, LDH)
-bili increased
-coagulation studies: increased PT, PTT
-serum antigens to determine type
-maybe liver bx
Term
Cirrhosis: Causes
Definition
-alcoholic (Laennec's)
-postnecrotic- results from hep B & C
-biliary- obstruction of bile flow
-longstanding hx of R CHF
Term
Cirrhosis: S/S
Definition
-weight loss
-fatigue
-fever
-dull heaviness in R upper abdomen
-N/V
-blood disorders
-jaundice
-peripheral neuropathy
-altered hormones in men (breasts, impotence, red palms, spider angiomas)
Term
Asterixis
Definition
-liver flap
-person will flap wrists when they raise their arms
-early sign of hepatic encephalopathy
Term
Hepatic Encephalopathy: Cause
Definition
-ammonia and nitrogen waste build up which leads to CNS changes
Term
Hepatic Encephalopathy: S/S
Definition
-LOC
-cognition and motor function disabilities
Term
Cirrhosis: Complications
Definition
-portal hypertension= ascites
-spenomegaly= anemia, low platelets, low WBC
-esophageal varices
-hepatic encephalopathy
-asterixis (liver flap, early sign)
-hepatorenal syndrome= kidney failure
Term
What labs are elevated/decreased with Cirrhosis?
Definition
Increased:
-ammonia
-glucose

Decreased:
-protein
-albumin
Term
What does a patients urine/stool look like with cirrhosis?
Definition
Stool: clay, sandy colored, frothy
Urine: increased bilirubin, dark
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