Term
| Staph and Strep are considered Gram (+/-) _______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name four major gram + Bacilli |
|
Definition
1.Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus cereus
2. Clostridium sp.
3. Corynebacterium diptheriae
4. Listeria monocytogenes |
|
|
Term
| Name two major bacteria that are gram - cocci and a way to remember this classification |
|
Definition
-Nisseria meningitidis, nisseria gonorrhea
-NISSERIA=NEGATIVE |
|
|
Term
| There are many gram - bacilli. What types of infections should we associate with gram - bacilli? Name some. |
|
Definition
-Infectious GI bacteria and atypical lung!
-E. Coli
-Salmonella typhi, salmonella enteridis
-Shigella dysenteriae
-Serratia
-Proteus
-Campylobacter jejuni
-H. Pylori
-Pseudomonas aeruginoas
-Bacteroides fragillis
-Vibrio cholerae
-Klebsiella Pneumoniae
-Haemophilus influenza
-Bordatella pertussis
-gardnerella vaginalis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-staph
-strep
-mycobacterium
-bacillus
-nocardia
-enterbacter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Clostridium tetani (tetanus)
-Clostridium botulinim (botulism)
-E. Coli
-Klebsiella |
|
|
Term
| PENICILLINS: MOA, EXS, DRUG OF CHOICE FOR, INTERACTIONS, TOXICITY, PREGNANCY CATEGORY |
|
Definition
-Inhibit cell wall synthesis
-Pencillin, PCN VK, Amoxicillin
-Gram + Strep Pyogenes (group A), Group B Strep, Clostridium Perfringens (bacilli)
-warfarin, OCP
-Hypersensitivity rxn, hemolytic anemia
-B |
|
|
Term
| PENICILLINASE RESISTANT PCN: MOA, EXS, DRUG OF CHOICE FOR, INTERACTIONS, TOXICITY, PREGNANCY CATEGORY |
|
Definition
-Inhibit cell wall synthesis
-Methicilin, Nafcillin, Oxacillin, Cloxacillin, Dicloxacillin
-same as PCN, plus PCN-ase producing staph aureus
-warfarin, ocp
- hemolytic anemia, hypersensitivity reaction, interstitial nephritis
-B |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between amoxicillin and plain PCN? |
|
Definition
| -incr gram - coverage (E. Coli and E. Faecalis) |
|
|
Term
| Antipseudomonal PCNs: MOA, EXS, DRUG OF CHOICE FOR, INTERACTIONS, TOXICITY, PREGNANCY CATEGORY |
|
Definition
-inhibit cell wall synthesis
-Carbenicillin, Ticarcillin, Piperacillin
-Gram + strep pyogenes (group A), group B strep, Clostridium perfringes, gram - Pseudomonas, Neisseria, E Coli, C Diff
- Warfarin, OCPs
-Hemolytic anemia, hypersensitivity reactions
-B |
|
|
Term
| 1st Gen Cephalosporins: MOA, EXS, DRUG OF CHOICE FOR, INTERACTIONS, TOXICITY, PREGNANCY CATEGORY |
|
Definition
-Inhibit cell wall synthesis
-Cefazolin (Ancef), Cephalexin (Keflex)
-Gram + Staph. Aureus, Staph. Epidermis (some gram -: E.coli and Klebsiella)
-Warfarin, OCP
-Allergic reaction, Coombs-positive anemia
-B |
|
|
Term
| 2nd gen cephalosporins: MOA, EXS, DRUG OF CHOICE FOR, INTERACTIONS, TOXICITY, PREGNANCY CATEGORY |
|
Definition
-Inhibit cell wall synthesis
-Cefoxitin (Mefoxin), Cefaclor (Ceclor), Cefuroxime (Ceftin)
-Gram + Staph Aureus and Staph Epi. PLUS incr. gram - coverage (nisseria, klebsiella, proteus), and C Diff (gram +)
-Warfarin, OCPs
-allergic rxn, ETOH disulfiram reaction
-B |
|
|
Term
| 3rd gen cephalosporins: MOA, EXS, DRUG OF CHOICE FOR, INTERACTIONS, TOXICITY, PREGNANCY CATEGORY |
|
Definition
-inhibit cell wall synthesis
-Ceftriaxone (Rocephin), Cefotaxime (Claforan), Ceftazidime (Fortaz, Tazicef), Cefepime (maxipime,4th gen)
-Gram + staph aureus and staph epi, and even more gram - coverage (neisseria, klebsiella, H Flu, Shigella, Salmonella) AND Pseudomonas and C Diff
-Warfarin and OCPs
-Allergic reaction and ETOH disulfuriam reaction
-B |
|
|
Term
| Vancomycin: MOA, DRUG OF CHOICE FOR, TOXICITY, PREGNANCY CATEGORY |
|
Definition
-Inhibits cell wall synthesis
-Gram + MRSA, PCN/Ceph allergies, S. aureus, S. epi, and anaerobes (C Diff)
-Red man syndrome, nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity
-C |
|
|
Term
| Beta Lactumase Inhibitors: MOA, EXS, DRUG OF CHOICE FOR, INTERACTIONS, TOXICITY, PREGNANCY CATEGORY |
|
Definition
-cell wall inhibitor
-Clavulanic Acid (Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid=Augmentin), Sulbactam (Ampicillin/Sulbactam= Unasyn), Tazobactam (Piperacillin/ Tazobactam= Unasyn)
-Gram + s. aureus, s. epi and Gram - Neisseria, E coli, klebsiella, shigella, salmonella, and proteus
-Warfarn OCPs
-Allergic Rxn, Hemolytic Anemia
-B |
|
|
Term
| Carbapenems: MOA, EXS, DRUG OF CHOICE FOR, PREGNANCY CATEGORY |
|
Definition
-Cell wall inhibitor
-Imipenem (primaxin), Meropenem (Merrem), Doripenem (Doribax), Ertapenem (Invanz)
-Broadest Gram + and Gram - abx activity and C Diff (EXCEPT MRSA and Mycoplasma)
-C |
|
|
Term
| Name two of the MC topical ABX. which is gram + and which is gram -? |
|
Definition
-Polymixin: gram neg
-Bacitracin: gram pos |
|
|
Term
| Aminoglycosides: MOA, EXS, DRUG OF CHOICE FOR, INTERACTIONS, TOXICITY, PREGNANCY CATEGORY |
|
Definition
-Protein synthesis inhibitor, bacteriocidal
-Gentamicin, Neomycin, Amikacin (Amikin), Tobramycin (Tobrex), Streptomycin
-Aerobic gram - (M cattarrhalis, H Flu, Klebsiella, E Coli) AND TB, E. pseudomonas
-Warfarin and Heparin
-Nephrotoxicity and Ototoxicity
-D !!!!!!!!!!!! |
|
|
Term
| tetracyclines: MOA, EXS, DRUG OF CHOICE FOR, INTERACTIONS, TOXICITY, PREGNANCY CATEGORY |
|
Definition
-protein synthesis inhibitors, bacteriostatic
-Tetracycline, Doxycycline, Minocycline, Demeclocycline
-Gram +/- (PCN allergy), plus Legionella, Rickettsia, Mycoplasma, Spirochetes (lyme disease)
-Antacids, Warfarin, Seizure meds
-FOOD DECR EFFECTIVENESS, take on empty stomach
-Hepatotoxicity, tooth discoloration and impaired growth (avoid in kids <12)
-D !!!!!!!!!!!! |
|
|
Term
| Macrolides: MOA, EXS, DRUG OF CHOICE FOR, INTERACTIONS, TOXICITY, PREGNANCY CATEGORY |
|
Definition
-protein synthesis inhibitors, bacteriostatic
-Erythromycin, Azithromycin, Clarithromycin
-Gram +/- (PCN allergy) Steptococcus, H Flu, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Legionella
-Warfarin
-Prolonged QT
-B |
|
|
Term
| Chloramphenicol: MOA, DRUG OF CHOICE FOR, INTERACTIONS, TOXICITY, PREGNANCY CATEGORY |
|
Definition
-Protein synthesis inhibitors, bacteriostatic
-Gram +/-: H Flu, Neisseria Meningitidis, E Coli, Brain Abscess
-Warfarin, OCP
-Aplastic anemia, Gray Baby Syndrome
-C |
|
|
Term
| Lincosamide: MOA, EXS, DRUG OF CHOICE FOR, INTERACTIONS, TOXICITY, PREGNANCY CATEGORY |
|
Definition
-Protein synthesis inhibitor, bacteriostatic
-Clindamycin
-Bacteroides fragilis, S aureus, Coag - Staph and Strep, Excellent bone penetration!!!!!!
-Erythromycin (antagonist)
-C Diff! Hypersensitive to the sun
-B |
|
|
Term
| Fluoroquinolones: MOA, EXS, DRUG OF CHOICE FOR, INTERACTIONS, TOXICITY, PREGNANCY CATEGORY |
|
Definition
-Protein synthesis inhibitor, bacteriocidal
-Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin, Ofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin
-aerobic/anaerobic gram +, Strep, Mycoplasma, Legionella, Pseudomonas
-Antacids, warfarin, OCPs
-Phototoxicity, achilles tendon rupture if given with prednisone!, impaired fracture healing
-C |
|
|
Term
| Metronidazole: MOA, DRUG OF CHOICE FOR, INTERACTIONS, TOXICITY, PREGNANCY CATEGORY |
|
Definition
-DNIA inhibitor, bacteriocidal
-Anaerobes, C Diff
-Warfarin,
-Seizures, Cerebellar Dysfxn, ETOH disulfram reaction
-B |
|
|
Term
| Rifampin: MOA, DRUG OF CHOICE FOR, INTERACTIONS, TOXICITY, PREGNANCY CATEGORY |
|
Definition
-RNA synthesis inhibitor
-Gram +/- and mycobacterium (TB)
-Interactions: Warfarin, antivirals, antiseizures
-Toxicity: body fluid discoloration, Hepatotoxicty (with INH)
-C |
|
|
Term
| Isoniazid: MOA, DRUG OF CHOICE FOR, INTERACTIONS, TOXICITY, PREGNANCY CATEGORY |
|
Definition
-mycolic acid synthesis inhibitor
-TB and latent TB
-Tyelonol, anti-seizure, food
-Neurotoxicity, Peripheral neuropathy
-C |
|
|
Term
| Trimethoprim/Sulfonamides (BACTRIM): MOA, DRUG OF CHOICE FOR, INTERACTIONS, TOXICITY, PREGNANCY CATEGORY |
|
Definition
-folic acid synthesis inhibitor, bacteriostatic
-Gram +/-, UTI organisms, Proteus, Enterobacter
-Warfarin, phenytoin, diuretics
-Thrombocytopenia, SJS
-D ! avoid in third trimester (or just all the time!) |
|
|
Term
| What are the three MC bacterial causes of Sinusitis? What would be your top and second choice abx? How long in adults and peds? |
|
Definition
-Strep pneumo, H Flu, Staph aureus
-1: amoxil/augmentin/cephalosporin
-2: Fluoroquinolone or Macrolide for PCN allergy
-10 days for both |
|
|
Term
| What are the top 3 MCC bugs in pharyngitis? 3 lines of tx? Duration? |
|
Definition
-Group A strep
-Diptheria
-Gonococcal
-PCN/Cephalosporin, Macrolide, Fluoroquinolone (adults ONLY!)
-10 days for PCN, 4-6 days for Cephalosporin to prevent rheumatic fever |
|
|
Term
| What are the three MC bugs in CAP? Three lines of tx? Duration? |
|
Definition
-Mycoplasma, Strep Pneumo, H Flu
-Macrolide or Doxy, Fluoroquinolone (co-morbid), Rocephin (hospital setting)
-10 days or until afebrile for 3 days |
|
|
Term
| What are the three most common causes of HAP? Two lines of tx? Duration? |
|
Definition
-Strep Pneumo, Staph, Legionella
-Carbapenem, Fluoroquinolone
-at least 7 days (monitor progress with labs, fever, O2 sat) |
|
|
Term
| What are the three MC bugs in PNA in a neonate? Two lines of treatment? Duration? |
|
Definition
-GBS, Staph aureus, Listeria
-Ampicillin, Gentamycin
-14 days |
|
|
Term
| What are the three MC bugs in PNA in an infant? 3 lines of tx? Duration? |
|
Definition
-RSV (VIRAL no abx!), H Flu, S Pneumo
-PCN, 3rd gen cephalosporin, Macrolide
-10-14 days |
|
|
Term
| What are the three most common bugs in PNA in the pediatric pop? Four lines of tx? Duration? |
|
Definition
-Mycoplasma, S pneumo, S aureus (hospitalized)
-PCN, Macrolide; Doxy; Rocephin
-3-5 days, 2-3 weeks for mycoplasma |
|
|
Term
| name 3 MC bugs associated with UTI, four lines of tx, Duration |
|
Definition
-E coli!, staph, enterobacter (complicated)
-TMP/SMX (high resistance), Nitro (sulfa allergy), Fluoroquinolone, Amp/Gent
-Duration: 3-5 days, 2-3 weeks complicated |
|
|
Term
| 3 MC bugs in OM? 5 lines of tx? duration? |
|
Definition
-S pneumo, H Flu, M Catarrhalis
-Amoxil, Augmentin, Cephalosporin; Macrolide; Rocephin (if no improvement on others in three days)
-< 2 yo 10 days, >2 yo 5-7 days |
|
|
Term
| 3 MC bugs in OM? 5 lines of tx? duration? |
|
Definition
-S pneumo, H Flu, M Catarrhalis
-Amoxil, Augmentin, Cephalosporin; Macrolide; Rocephin (if no improvement on others in three days)
-< 2 yo 10 days, >2 yo 5-7 days |
|
|
