Term
| Pyloric stenosis is associate with which type of twinning? More common in males or females? What drug therapy during pregnancy has it been related to? |
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Definition
-monozygotic twinning
-males
-erythromycin therapy during pregnancy |
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Term
| What does erythema toxicum look like and when does it usually resolve |
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Definition
| Small pustules on erythematous bases, resolves in 1-2 weeks |
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Term
| What is the name of the spots that are common in dark skinned infants and are small-large blue black macular concentrated on the back and buttocks? |
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Definition
| Mongolian spots. They are often confused for bruising. They may last forever or they may go away around age 4 yrs |
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Term
| What is caput succedaneum |
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Definition
| Fluid accumulation under the scalp secondary to birth trauma, swelling is palpable crossing the midline |
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Term
| What are three ophthalmologic abnormalities that present as absent red reflex in infants |
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Definition
Congenital cataracts
Glaucoma
Retinoblastomas |
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Term
| What are brushfield's spots and what are they associated with |
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Definition
Gray or pale yellow spots at the periphery of the iris
Associated with Down syndrome |
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Term
| In what instances does strabismus represent pathology in newborns |
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Definition
| It's common and always present in the newborn period, if its fixed or persists past 4 months it needs to be evaluated for pathology |
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Term
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Definition
| Small pearly nodules along midline of the hard palate and are benign retention cysts |
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Term
| Unilaterally decreased breath sounds in an infant is usually a sign of either of what two things |
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Definition
| PTX or diaphragmatic hernia |
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Term
| What are the three most common causes of infant respiratory distress? |
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Definition
| Aspiration, congenital PNA, and transient tachypnea |
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Term
| What are the three most common serious presentations of heart disease in an infant |
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Definition
| Cyanosis, CHF, diminished peripheral pulses |
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Term
| Prune belly, or absence of abdominal musculature may be associated with abnormalities of which organ system |
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Definition
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Term
| Severely scaphoid belly plus respiratory distress signals what |
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Definition
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Term
| Prominent kidneys in a newborn are suggestive of what two kidney problems |
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Definition
| Hydronephrosis or cystic kidney disease |
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Term
| When do testes usually descend in an infant? |
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Definition
| 3 months of age, refer if no descent by a year |
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Term
| Hydroceles are found in 89% of newborns, what causes them and when are they usually gone? |
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Definition
Patent processus vaginalis
18 mo of age |
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Term
| Vaginal leu cornea or bloody discharge along with edematous labia in a newborn is a result of what? When does it resolve? |
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Definition
Maternal estrogens
7-10 days, may be slower in breast fed infant |
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Term
| Seem female newborns have vaginalis adhesions (fused introitus) what are two drugs to tx |
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Definition
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Term
| What are barlow's and ortolani's maneuvers used to test for |
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Definition
| Developmental hip dislocation |
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Term
| What blood glucose level defines hypoglycemia in the newborn |
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Definition
| Blood glucose levels of less than 40-45 mg/dL |
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Term
| Which infants are most likely to suffer from hypoglycemia |
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Definition
Those born to diabetic mothers
Those who suffered from IUGR |
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Term
| What is a normal blood glucose range at 3 hours of age |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three most common causes of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia of the newborn |
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Definition
Physiologic jaundice
Prematurity
Breast-feeding jaundice |
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Term
| Common etiologies of neonatal jaundice are broken down into 2 categories: overproduction of bilirubin and decreased rate of conjugation. Give five examples of the former |
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Definition
| Hemolysis secondary to blood group sensitizations (Coombs +), hereditary spherocytosis, g6pd def (both Coombs -), sepsis, and non hemolytic anemia. Retics in all are increased |
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Term
| Common etiologies of neonatal jaundice are broken down into 2 categories: overproduction of bilirubin and decreased rate of conjugation. What would cause the latter |
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Definition
| Physiologic jaundice or uncommonly from Gilbert's or crippled-Najaf syndrome. Retics are Normal |
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Term
| Where dos the discolored pgiment in jaundice begin |
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Definition
| On the head and spreads downward as levels rise |
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Term
|
Definition
| A singular transverse palmar crease associated with trisomy 21 |
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Term
| What is the genotype for klinefelters syndrome and common characteristics |
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Definition
| Initially tall, thin and long limbed but become obese later. Ataxia, mild developmental delay. Males have small lens and hypogonadism and females have eunuchoid habitus |
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Term
| What is the genotype for turners syndrome and buzz word characteristics |
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Definition
Monosomy x
Short stature, webbed neck, low posterior hairline, widely spaced nipples, ovarian dysgenesis, coarctation of aorta, horseshoe kidney, and aortic stenosis |
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Term
| What chromosome is beckwith wiedeman syndrome correlated with? What are these babies at risk for |
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Definition
Chromosome 11p15
Wilms tumor and hepatoblastoma |
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Term
| There are 10 different syndromes or clinical types of ehlers danlos syndrome known, what is the primary defect in all |
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Definition
Involves collagen, resulting in joint laxity, hyperelastic skin, pectus deformity, and excessive bruising
-death often results from ruptured aneurysm |
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Term
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Definition
| A child 2 years of age or younger with weight plotting below the fifth percentile for age on more than one occasion or whose weight crosses two major percentiles downward on a standardized growth grid |
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Term
| Growth hormone is produced where |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Dwarfism that results from mutation in the gh receptor |
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Term
| The infant diet should consist only of breast milk/ formula until ____months of age when _____ can be introduced. Fruit can start at ___ months, veggies at ____ months, and cows milk not before _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the common preservatives found in the MMR and IPV vaccines that have caused allergic reactions and anaphylaxis |
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Definition
| Streptomycin and neomycin |
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Term
| If a pt has a bakers yeast allergy what vaccine is contraindicated |
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Definition
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Term
| Pt's with egg allergies should not get ______ vaccine |
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Definition
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Term
| Pt's with a gelatin allergy should not get what vaccine |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two live vaccines given in peds |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
A mercury based preservative that is now not used in any of the routine childhood vaccines
-multidose vials of injectable flu vaccine have it but not the single dose preparations |
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Term
| Name two diseases caused by coxsackieviruses |
|
Definition
Herpangina (acute onset of fever and posterior pharyngeal vesicles)
Hand foot and mouth disease (red pa piles or vesicles in the oral mucosa, hands, feet , and buttocks ) |
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Term
|
Definition
| IV immunoglobulin and high dose aspirin |
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Term
| What type of virus causes varicella and describe the exanthem |
|
Definition
Herpes virus
Vesicular and erythematous , torso and face to extremities, dew drop on a rose petal |
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Term
| What virus causes erythema infectiosum, what is another name, and describe the exanthem |
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Definition
Human parvovirus b19
Fifth disease
Red face, slapped cheek, lacy pink macular rash on torso |
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Term
| What virus causes roseola, other names, describe the exanthem and fever pattern |
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Definition
Human herpes virus 6 or 7
Exanthem subitum
Pink macular rash
Fever resolves before rash |
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Term
| What virus causes measles, another name, describe exanthem |
|
Definition
Measles virus
Rubeola
Maculopapular face to extremities, koplik's spots in mouth |
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Term
| What virus causes rubella, another name, describe exanthem, what is special about this virus |
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Definition
Rubella virus
German measels
Maculopapular from head to toe
Teratogenic |
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Term
| How can you distinguish measles (rubeola) from rubella (German measles) |
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Definition
| Measles will have fever, anorexia, cough, and coryza for 1-3 days before the rash and rubella will NOT have a prodrome |
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