Term
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Definition
| Connects bone to bone, weakest at ends |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Fluid filled sac in between tendon & bone that reduces friction |
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Term
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Definition
| Fibrous membrane that covers, supports, and separates muscles |
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Term
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Definition
| Sac-like structure enclosing bone ends, present at most every joint |
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Term
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Definition
| Fibrous membrane that covers bone except at bone ends |
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Term
| Intra-articular cartilage |
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Definition
| Dense connective tissue that acts as a shock absorber between bones inside the joint capsule |
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Term
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Definition
| Swelling within connective tissue or outside the joint capsule |
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Term
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Definition
| Swelling inside the joint |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Discoloration from injury (bruise) |
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Term
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Definition
| Cracking from inflammation or fractured bone ends |
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Term
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Definition
| Subjective complaint by the patient (pain) |
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Term
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Definition
| Objective observation by provider (edema) |
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Term
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Definition
| Sudden onset of symptoms with a short duration (sprain, fracture) |
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Term
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Definition
| Gradual onset of symptoms with longer duration, usually > 2-3 weeks |
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Term
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Definition
| Stretch/tear of ligament or capsule |
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Term
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Definition
| Stretch or tear of tendon or muscle |
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Term
| 3 degrees of sprain or strain |
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Definition
1 - stretching
2 - incomplete tearing
3 - rupturing |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Inflammation of tendon & synovium |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Movement of a bone from its normal position, has to be reduced |
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Term
| Most common bones that dislocate |
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Definition
| Fingers, shoulder, patella |
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Term
|
Definition
| Movement of a bone from its normal position that returns to original position on its own, a partial dislocation |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Rounding of the thoracic curve; hump back |
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Term
|
Definition
| Exaggerated lumbar curve, sway back |
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Term
|
Definition
| Lateral curvature of the spine |
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Term
|
Definition
| Degeneration of a vertebra |
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Term
|
Definition
| Breaking down or defect in vertebra |
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Term
|
Definition
| Anterior slippage or subluxation of a vertebra |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Horizontal; Top to bottom |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Shoulder, towards midline in horizontal plane
Horizontal flexion |
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Term
|
Definition
Shoulder, away from midline in horizontal plane
Horizontal extension |
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Term
|
Definition
| Forearm, rotating palm downward |
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Term
|
Definition
| Forearm, rotating palm upward |
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Term
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Definition
| Flexion, Extension, Lateral flexion, Lateral rotation |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| ROM Extension of Shoulder |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| ROM Internal Rotation Shoulder |
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Definition
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Term
| ROM External rotation Shoulder |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Rolling shoulder downward |
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Term
| Shoulder elevation + rotation |
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Definition
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Term
| Shoulder depression + retraction |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Metacarpal phalangeal (MCP) |
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Definition
| Flexion, extension, adduction, abduction |
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Term
| Proximal interphalangeal (PIP) |
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Definition
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Term
| Distal interphalangeal (DIP) |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Flexion (thumb close to fingers)
Extension (thumb away from fingers)
Adduction & Abduction
Opposition (thumb across palm) |
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Term
|
Definition
Flexion
Extension
Lateral Flexion
Lateral Rotation |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Hip ROM Internal Rotation & External Rotation |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Flexion, Extension, Internal rotation, External rotation |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| resistance during shortening of muscle |
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Term
|
Definition
| Resistance with lengthening of muscle |
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Term
|
Definition
| Muscle contraction WITHOUT joint movement |
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Term
|
Definition
0 No muscular contraction
1 Trace of contraction
2 Active ROM, no gravity
3 Active ROM against gravity
4 Active ROM against gravity & some resistance
5 Active ROM against full resistance |
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Term
| Normal grade manual muscle testing |
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Definition
| 5, Complete ROM against gravity with maximum resistance |
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Term
| Good grade manual muscle testing |
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Definition
| 4, Complete ROM against gravity with moderate resistance |
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Term
| Fair grades manual muscle testing |
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Definition
3+ Complete ROM against gravity w/ min resistance
3 Complete ROM against gravity
3- Some ROM against gravity |
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Term
| Poor grades manual muscle testing |
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Definition
2+ Initiates motion against gravity
2 Complete ROM without gravity
2- Initiates ROM if gravity eliminated |
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Term
| Trace grade manual muscle testing |
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Definition
| 1, slight contractility, no motion |
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Term
| Zero grade manual muscle testing |
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Definition
| 0, No contraction palpated |
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Term
| Burning or shooting pain is associated with |
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Definition
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Term
| Paresthesias are associated with... |
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Definition
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Term
| Popping or snapping at time of injury is associated with... |
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Definition
| ACL or moving synovial fluid |
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Term
| Clicking is associated with |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Locking of joint is associated with... |
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Definition
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Term
| Buckling or giving out is associated with... |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Gonorrhea is associated with |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Chlamydia is associated with |
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Definition
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Term
| When discussing family history, Professor Kelly pointed out to especially ask about |
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Definition
| Gout, Rheumatoid arthritis, Connective tissue disorders, Ankylosing spondylitis |
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Term
| When observing affected area |
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Definition
Check bilaterally
Always check GOOD FIRST |
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Term
| If active ROM is NOT full, then check |
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Definition
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|
Term
| If active ROM is full, then check |
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Definition
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Term
| If passive ROM is restricted, you are most concerned about |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Good side 1st
Don't use thumb
Use firm pressure
Most painful area LAST |
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Term
| Specific orthopedic tests are... |
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Definition
| used to substantiate diagnosis, NOT to diagnose |
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Term
|
Definition
Pain in the shoulder
Weakness in the deltoid
Dec. sensation in the shoulder
No reflex |
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Term
|
Definition
Pain in upper arm & thumb
Weakness in the biceps
Dec. sensation in upper arm & thumb
Reflex in biceps, brachialis |
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Term
|
Definition
Pain in index/middle finger
Weakness in triceps
Decreased sensation in index, middle finger
Reflex at triceps |
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Term
|
Definition
Pain at anterior thigh
Weakness at quad
Decreased sensation at medial malleolus
Reflex at patella |
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Term
| ONLY diagnoses from HLA-B27 |
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Definition
| Reiter's, Ankylosing spondylitis |
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Term
| Gold standard test for Nerve Root Compression |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Diagnostic use of ESR (sed rate) |
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Definition
| Active inflammation, infection, cancer |
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Term
| Diagnostic use of C reactive protein |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| connective tissue disorder |
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|
Term
| Diagnostic use of uric acid test |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Diagnostic use of rheumatoid factor |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Diagnostic use of creatinine kinase (CK) |
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Definition
| muscle enzyme, elevated with conditions that cause rhabdomyolisis |
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Term
| Diagnostic use of electrolytes |
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Definition
| Deficiency in Ca2+, K+, Mg2+ causes cramping |
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Term
| Diagnostic use of vitamin B12 |
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Definition
| Deficiency causes paresthesias |
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Term
|
Definition
| Used to rule out fractures, dislocations, infection, neoplasm, foreign body, OA. Not always sensitive. Will sometimes demonstrate soft tissue swelling. |
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Term
|
Definition
| IV radioactive tracer injected, used to identify occult/stress fracture, metastatic bone disease, osteomyelitis, evaluation of child abuse |
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Term
|
Definition
| Cross-sectional views of tissues obtained, used to evaluate for bony lesions/tumors, vertebral facet disease, canal stenosis |
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Term
|
Definition
| Used to evaluate soft tissue structures - tendons, ligaments, cartilage, neurologic structures, soft tissue tumors. *Only modality that can evaluate all joint components* |
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Term
|
Definition
| Inject radio-opaque dye & air into joint then obtain XR, used to assess joint capsule, intracapsular structures, loose bodies in joint |
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Term
|
Definition
| opaque dye injected into spinal canal through lumbar puncture and then XR or CT obtained, used to detect tumors,disc disease, nerve root compression (gold standard) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Ultrasound which demonstrates bloodflow to assess vascular compromise distal to fracture site or to assess DVTs |
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Term
|
Definition
| General anesthesia procedure, invasive, used to visualize inside joint capsule for diagnosis and for repair of soft tissue damage |
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Term
| EMG (nerve conduction velocity) |
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Definition
| Stimulus is applied to peripheral nerve and the speed at which the muscle reacts is measured, used to detect nerve compression or muscle/nerve disease (MS, MG, also CTR) |
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Term
|
Definition
| R/O gout, pseudogout, infectious arthritis |
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Term
|
Definition
| Used to evaluate fracture reduction & hardware placement |
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Term
|
Definition
| Dye & fluid injected into disc space to evaluate disc-related problem, especially post-op pain |
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Term
|
Definition
| Inject anesthetic to confirm which specific nerve root is causing pain |
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Term
| Management of ankle sprain or strain |
|
Definition
| RICE, ROM, wt bearing immediately, NSAIDs |
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Term
|
Definition
| Immobilize, splint, possible reduction and/or surgery, tylenol, pain meds (NO NSAIDs until bleeding subsides 2-3 days) |
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|
Term
| Management ankle dislocation |
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Definition
| Immobilize, ice, ROM (PT), possible reduction and/or surgery |
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|
Term
| management osteoarthritis ankle |
|
Definition
| ice, ROM, NSAIDs, strengthening, increase activity when tolerable |
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Term
|
Definition
| Fx that does not break skin |
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Term
|
Definition
| fx that causes a break in the skin, trauma |
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Term
|
Definition
| Bone fragments are not touching |
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Term
|
Definition
| Bone fragments are still connected/touching |
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Term
|
Definition
| Bone fragments are malaligned |
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Term
|
Definition
| Bone fragments in alignment |
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Term
|
Definition
| Fx line is horizontal to bone; occurs by direct blow or bending |
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Term
|
Definition
| Fx line is diagonal to long bone; Caused by compression & torsion |
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Term
|
Definition
| fx line twists/spirals around bone; occurs with torsion, **child abuse** |
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Term
|
Definition
| 2 complete fractures making middle segment unstable |
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Term
|
Definition
| fx with multiple fragments that occurs with hard blow or fall |
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Term
|
Definition
| incomplete fracture which bends or splinters; occurs in children |
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Term
|
Definition
| Fracture through diseased or weakened bone; occurs in primary cancer & mets |
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Term
|
Definition
| 2 bone ends have sawtooth appearance; occurs with direct blow |
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Term
|
Definition
| 2 bone ends telescope along length; occurs with a jump from height |
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Term
|
Definition
| Fracture fragment with tendon attached; occurs with a sudden powerful twist |
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Term
|
Definition
| Fx that involves the growth plate of a long bone; occurs in children |
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Term
|
Definition
| Fx that involves joint surface of a long bone |
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Term
|
Definition
| A "hairline fracture" caused by overuse; Will NOT show up on XR until > 3 weeks post symptoms; Bone scan usually needed to identify (McLaughlin said MRI is better); Therapy involves decreased activity, possible surgical boot |
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Term
|
Definition
| Crushing/collapsing fx of vertebra due to acute trauma or osteoporosis; Examine with XR & CT, DEXA scan (bone density) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Crushing of flat bones falling/striking head (skull), scapula |
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Term
|
Definition
| Fx occurs opposite from side of trauma; occurs with direct blow to head |
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Term
|
Definition
| compression fracture at arch of C1 |
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Term
|
Definition
| compression fracture of the a vertebra |
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Term
|
Definition
| Avulsion fracture of C7 spinous process caused by flexion injury |
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Term
|
Definition
| Pars interarticularis fx of axis (extension injury) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Distal radial and/or ulnar styloid process (FOOSH) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Fx distal radius (fall on dorsum of hand) |
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Term
|
Definition
| fx at base of 1st MC & MCP joint |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Proximal 1/3 ulnar fx with dislocation of the radial head |
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Term
|
Definition
| Distal or middle 1/3 radius with disruption of radioulnar joint |
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Term
|
Definition
| 5th metatarsal neck (diametaphyseal junction) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Non-surgical manipulation & immobilization; Preferred method of fracture/dislocation reduction due to decreased infection rate & soft tissue damage |
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Term
|
Definition
| Surgery to reduce; includes displaced joint fracture, most epiphyseal fracture, lower extremity fx in elderly |
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Term
|
Definition
| Rigid internal pins & rods placed within or on bones; used with hip fracture |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Multiple pins placed above & below fracture site used with open fracture |
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|
Term
| Neurovascular compromise of the shoulder... |
|
Definition
| Affects the ulnar, axillary nerves; Causes changes to shoulder abduction and sensation of the shoulder |
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|
Term
| Neurovascular compromise of the humerus... |
|
Definition
| causes radial nerve damage, changes to wrist extension and changes in sensation of posterior forearm |
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|
Term
| Neurovascular compromise of the elbow |
|
Definition
| Involves ulnar and median nerve damage; changes with finger abduction & thumb opposition and sensation of ulnar hand & 3rd digit |
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|
Term
| Neurovascular compromise of the knee... |
|
Definition
| Includes changes to peroneal nerve; changes in dorsiflexion & eversion, changes in sensation of lateral lower leg |
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|
Term
| Neurovascular compromise of the hip |
|
Definition
| Includes changes in the sciatic nerve, changes in hip extension, and sensory changes in posterior thigh |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Open fracture/dislocation; Vascular injury; Compartment syndrome; Neural compromise; Osteomyelitis/Septic arthritis; Hip dislocation; Pelvic fracture - Highest mortality |
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