Term
|
Definition
| the study of ancient life forms, their characteristics, development, and other evolution over time. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the study of ancient life in their environments; their interactions and how that influences the evolution of life as the environments are changed by Earth's dynamic processes, especially, plate tectonics. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. There is a natural diversity of traits in a population(gene pool)
2. There is also dynamic random variations in the conditions of an environment over time to which the individuals of a species with those traits must adapt to be successful or others with compatible traits will replace them. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Darwin, "Natural Selection through random variation" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
define the conditions of environments
ex: coral-tropical-sublittoral
penguins-s.polar-terrestrial |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| define short period of existance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
World-wide distribution
Abundance
Recognizable
Short-lived species |
|
|
Term
| Conditions for Fossilization |
|
Definition
Quick burial of remains
low energy environment
anaerobic-non-oxidizing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Calcium Phosphate Ca3(PO4)2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Made of Calcite, Argonite is mother of pearl CaCO3, Si02 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| compacting leaves; desiccating volatile materials leaving carbon and imprint |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Shallow impression of a soft bodied organism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A cavity in rock of any organism usually an exoskeleton |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| replica of the original formed from minerals, clay, any filler |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occurs when the original skeleton is of a mineral (shell-calcite) and is replaced by another mineral, ex: pyrite or chalcedony. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occurs when a porous skeleton is filled with a mineral-bones Ca3(PO4)2 are saturated with chalcedony(like a sponge filled with water->ice) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
occurs when soft organic material of an organism is replaced molecule by molecule with a mineral retaining the organic structure-wood pulp
Most common minerals: silica, goethite, calcite, pyrite, and gypsum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occurs when a skeleton made of micro crystalline minerals recrystallizes during diagenesis to form larger grains-calcite shells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Marks left by organisms: footprints, tracks/trails, bioturbation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The mottled bedding in mud(ex: worm burrows) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fecal fossils which reveal: feeding patterns, size of organism, food sources of the environment, organic structures, degree of digestive track development |
|
|
Term
| Ernest Haeckel's Biogenetic Law |
|
Definition
"ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny"
The development of an individual organism from embryo to adulthood resembles the pattern of evolution of it ancestors and all life forms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Evidence of Evolution: reflects the progression of life over time as described by Smith's Principle of Fossil Succession. |
|
|
Term
| Similarity in Body Chemistry |
|
Definition
| Evidence of Evolution: Red blood and ocean waters composition, DNA, RNA, amino acids, and protein. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Comparative anatomy, homologies show great similarity in skeletal and organic systems in diverse species |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Evidence of Evolution: Persist in many species-human embryo gill slits, auricularis muscles, coccyx & appendix, dew claws on dogs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the development of an organism repeats the pattern of evolution of life itself. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| plate tectonics define the migration and limits of expansion of species on land and sea. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hybridization artifically enhances the development and specific changes in species over time. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the changes in life today are studied and reflect the same patterns of change over time throughout the past. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Protista: blue-green algae(bacteria)-form stromatolites |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Protista:diatoms, coccoliths |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Animalia;Cnidaria: Sea Jellies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Animalia;Cnidaria: stromatoporoids, hydra |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Animalia;Cnidaria: Corals-most have calcareous skeleton. Sea Anemone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Protista: one celled animals with calcareous shells 'forarms' or siliceous shells (radiolaria) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Animalia:Bryozoans-"moss animals" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Animalia:Brachiopods: lingula, spirifer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Animalia:Mollusk
-Bivalvia
-Gastropoda
-Cephalopoda |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Animalia:Mollusca:Pelecypods-clams, oysters mussels pectins; exogyra, gryphea, trigonia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Animalia; mollusca;bivalvia:clams, oysters mussels pectins; exogyra, gryphea, trigonia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Animalia; Mollusca; =snails |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Animalia; Mollusca; Nautiloids, ammonoids, belemnities, squids, octopi |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Animalia: joint legged organisms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| animalia; arthropoda; eurypterid, horseshoe crab |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| animalia; arthropoda: crabs, lobsters, shrimp, barnacles, ostracods |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| animalia; arthropoda: insects(arachnids-spider, scorpian) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
animalia; Echinoderms
ex: cystoidea, blastoidea, crinoidea, echinoidea(sea urchins), asteroidea(sea stars) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| animalia; Chordates-subphyla hemichordata(graptolites, conodonts) and vertebrata(true vertebrates) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| animalia; Chordata; Graptolithinia: graptolites |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| animalia; Chordata; primitive jawless fish |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| animalia; Chordata; placoderms-primitive fish with jaws |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| animalia; Chordata; sharks, rays, skates(skeletal structure is made of cartilidge |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| animalia; Chordata;Bony Fish |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| animalia; Chordata; Amphibians, frogs, salamanders |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| animalia; Chordata; Reptiles/dinosaurs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| animalia; Chordata; Birds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| animalia; Chordata; Mammals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Filicinae, Gymnosperma, Angiospermae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Plantae; ferns and seed plants |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| animalia; Chordata; seed ferns, cyads, ginkgoes, conifers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| animalia; Chordata; Angiosperms-flowering plants; grass, tulips, oak and peach trees, tomatoes, peas. |
|
|
Term
| Heirarchy of biological classification |
|
Definition
| kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species, subspecies |
|
|
Term
| Heirarchy of biological classification of man |
|
Definition
| animalia, chordata, mammailia, primate, homindae, homo, sapien, sapien |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the study of ancient life forms in their environment; study of all characteristics in a sedimentary rock(lithology) to reconstruct an ancient environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an area with a distinct set of conditions and processes; environments do not cause change or the development of new traits, they merely encourage development of preexisting traits of an organism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a rock unit with a distinct set of characteristics reflecting the environment in which it is deposited |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Clastic, chemical, organic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fragmental, detrital, terrestrial products of w&e, may contain fossils |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| formed by precipitation from water, they may contain fossils |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bio-clastic/chemical-sediments which contain fossil material including diatomite, coquina, chalk, and coal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bottom surface dwelling; marine or terrigenous |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fixed, permanently attached to one place(tree,sponge,coral reef) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Dwelling above the surface whether in air or in water |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Floating organisms(plankton) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Swimmers, flyers (fish/birds) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| producers-organisms which make their own food through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 6CO2+6H20->C6H12O6+6O2(O2 is a byproduct) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| opposite fo photosynthesis to release energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bacteria in deep ocean fumaroles at MOR create organic compounds from thermal solutions. Possibly the method employed during the earliest origin of life |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| consumers-organism which eat other organisms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| organisms which support eachother in their environments(remora and the shark) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Break down organic material into usable nutrient(bacteria) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| oldest and most primitive life form; skeletal material composed of calcite; chitin, silic, some of which are agglutinated fragments of others glued together |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the first life form, most abundant, most important life on earth; |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| form by secretion of CaCO3 by encrusting algal mounds; oldest fossils dating back to 3.5 bya |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| most primative-no nucleus; DNA scattered throughout cell-photosynthestic-cyano-bacteria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| DNA in nucleus in defined chromosomes with membrane bound organelles-blue-green algae advanced form |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| spherical fruit structures commonly found in K limestone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| like algae only silicious shells(frustules) fresh and marine; massive deposits form diatomite; incredibly intrricate shell geometry |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| like algae with calcareous shells; temperature sensative and environmental indicators; deposits form chalk |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| have whip-like tail for swimming; solitary plankton (CaCO3 and SiO2 tests); tests have equatorial band; good ecosystem indicators |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| skeletal systems for sponge formed between cells for support; composed of calcite, silica, or fibrous spongin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is the large interior cavity where the inner cells have whip like cilia to circulate water through the incurrent pores and out through the osculum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| isthe large opening at the top of the spongocoel where the waste water is flushed out of the colony. Sometimes covered by a membrane to protect it from sediment washing in and choking off the circulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lifestyle-benthonic sessile; filter feeders; similar to corals but have a central cavity similar to sponges; important index fossil for Cambrian; |
|
|
