Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Pain, Sleep and Rest
test 10/26
63
Nursing
Undergraduate 1
10/24/2011

Additional Nursing Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
IASP Definition of pain;
Definition
"an unpleasant sensory or emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage"
Term
Margo McCaffery definition of pain:
Definition
"Whatever a person says it is and existing whenever a person says it does"
Term
Pain can be classified by:
Definition
location, cause, duration, etc.
Term
Origin of pain/ Visceral Pain
Definition
Deep internal pain, abdomen, thorax, cranium.
Term
Origin of pain/ Deep somatic pain
Definition
originates in ligaments, tendons, nerves, blood vessels and bones
Term
Origin of pain/ Cutaneous or superficial pain
Definition
from skin or subcutaneous tissue
Term
Origin of pain/ Radiating pain
Definition
spreads out
Term
Origin of pain/ Referred pain
Definition
occurs in area distant from source; ie H/A
Term
Origin of pain/ Phantom pain
Definition
from amputated limb
Term
Origin of pain/ Psychogenic pain
Definition
all in your head
Term
Cause of pain/ Nociceptive pain
Definition
most common cause; stimulated nerve endings
Term
Cause of pain/ Neuropathic pain
Definition
caused by damaged nerves
Term
Duration of pain/ Acute
Definition
short in duration, rapid in onset
Term
Duration of pain/ Chronic
Definition
lasts 6 months or longer
Term
Duration of pain/ Intractable
Definition
both chronic and highly resistant to relief
Term
Qualities of pain:
Definition
sharp, dull, aching, throbbing, stabbing, burning, ripping searing, tingling, episodic,intermittent, constant, mild, distracting, moderate, severe, intolerable, ect.
Term
3 kinds of pain stimuli:
Definition
Mechanical
Thermal
Chemical
Term
Transduction (physiology):
Definition
the transportation of stimuli to the nervous system
Term
inflammation is:
Definition
the single biggest cause of pain
Term
Transmission/ A-Delta fibers
Definition
large diameter myelinated fibers that transmit impulses at 6 to 30 mps. Transmit 'fast pain' from acute, focused stimuli.
Term
Transmission/ C fibers
Definition
smaller unmyelinated fibers. Transmit slow pain.
Term
'Substance P'
Definition
most important neurotransmitter
Term
Pain threshold
Definition
point at which the brain recognizes and defines a stimulus as pain.
Term
Pain tolerance
Definition
duration and intensity of pain a person is willing to tolerate
Term
Hyperalgesia
Definition
extreme sensitivity to pain
Term
Endogenous opioids
Definition
naturally occurring analgesic neurotransmitters
Term
Endogenous opioids
Definition
naturally occurring analgesic neurotransmitters
Term
4 physiological steps involved in the pain process?
Definition
Transduction
Transmission
Pain Perception
Pain Modulation.
Term
Indicators of pain in cognitively impaired patients:
Definition
facial expressions
vocalizations
changes in physical activity
changes in routines
changes in mental status
Term
sympathetic nervous system
Definition
is part of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), which also includes the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS).The sympathetic nervous system activates what is often termed the fight or flight response.
Term
parasympathetic nervous system
Definition
A part of nervous system that serves to slow the heart rate, increase the intestinal and gland activity, and relax the sphincter muscles.
Term
Autonomic nervous system
Definition
divided into two subsystems: the parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS) and sympathetic nervous system
Term
Somatic nervous system
Definition
voluntary movement
Term
Unrelieved pain/ endocrine
Definition
INCREASED ACTH,cortisol,, ADH, GH, catacholamines, glucagon
DECREASED insulin and testosterone
Term
Unrelieved pain/ cardio
Definition
INCREASED HR, BP, WORKLOAD, O2 DEMAND
Term
Unrelieved pain/ Muscles
Definition
weakness, fatigue, immobility
Term
Unrelieved pain/ respiratory
Definition
splinting: shallow breathing to limit thorasic and abdominal movement.
Term
Unrelieved pain/ GI
Definition
secretions and mobility increase
Term
FIFTH VITAL SIGN:
Definition
PULSE
BP
RESPIRATIONS
TEMP
PAIN
Term
adjuvant (from Latin, adiuvare: to aid) is
Definition
a pharmacological or immunological agent that modifies the effect of other agents, such as a drug or vaccine, while having few if any direct effects when given by itself.
Term
ATC
Definition
around the clock
Term
opiate receptors:
Definition
mu
delta
kappa
sigma
Term
Breakthrough pain:
Definition
unrelieved by analgesics
Term
Mu agonists
Definition
stimulate Mu receptors; used for acute, chronic and cancer pain
Term
Agonist-Antagonists
Definition
stimulate some opioid receptors and block others
Term
An equianalgesic (or narcotic) chart is:
Definition
a conversion chart that lists equivalent doses of analgesics (drugs used to relieve pain). Equianalgesic charts are used for calculation of an equivalent dose (a dose which would offer an equal amount of analgesia) between different analgesics.
Term
Morphine ratio oral to IV dose:
Definition
6/1
Term
Cordotomy (or chordotomy) is:
Definition
a surgical procedure that disables selected pain-conducting tracts in the spinal cord, in order to achieve loss of pain and temperature perception.
Term
A rhizotomy (pronounced /raɪˈzɒtɵmi/ ry-zot-ə-mee) is:
Definition
a term chiefly referring to a neurosurgical procedure that selectively severs problematic nerve roots in the spinal cord, most often to relieve the symptoms of neuromuscular conditions such as spastic diplegia and other forms of spastic cerebral palsy[1].
Term
Neurectomy is:
Definition
the surgical removal of a nerve or a section of a nerve.
Term
A Sympathectomy is:
Definition
a procedure where a sensory ganglion or autonomic ganglion is removed.
Term
The reticular formation is:
Definition
a part of the brain that is involved in actions such as awaking/sleeping cycle, and filtering incoming stimuli to discriminate irrelevant background stimuli.
Term
The reticular activating system (RAS) is:
Definition
an area of the brain (including the reticular formation and its connections) responsible for regulating arousal and sleep-wake transitions.The RAS is composed of several neuronal circuits connecting the brainstem to the cortex. These pathways originate in the upper brainstem reticular core and project through synaptic relays in the rostral intralaminar and thalamic nuclei to the cerebral cortex
Term
4 types of brain waves
Definition
alpha
beta
theta
delta
Term
types of brain waves/ alpha
Definition
high frequency, medium amplitude, irregular waves
Term
types of brain waves/ beta
Definition
high frequency, low amplitude, irregular waves
Term
types of brain waves/ theta
Definition
high amplitude common in children, but rare in adults.
Term
types of brain waves/ delta
Definition
low frequency, high amplitude, regular waves common in deep sleep.
Term
NREM
Definition
non-rem sleep is produced by withdrawl of neurotransmitters from the reticular formation and inhibition of arousal mechanisms in the cerebral cortex
Term
REM
Definition
brain is highly active with rapid, low amplitude waves similar to theo that occur when a person is awake and alert. REM sleep is primarily initiated by the reticular formation. Accounts for about 25% of sleep.
Term
Polycythemia (also known as polycythaemia or erythrocytosis) is:
Definition
a disease state in which the proportion of blood volume that is occupied by red blood cells increases. Blood volume proportions can be measured as hematocrit level.
Term
Bruxism
Definition
grinding and clenching of teeth
Term
Enuresis
Definition
bedwetting
Supporting users have an ad free experience!