Term
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Definition
1. Physiological
2. Safety
3. Love+belonging
4. Esteem
5. Self-actualization
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Term
| 3 stages of Dr. Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome |
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Definition
1. Alarm
2. Resistance
3. Exhaustion |
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Term
| This type of pain is poorly localized and responds well to opioids |
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Definition
| Visceral pain (internal organs) |
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Term
| This type of pain is well localized, sharp, throbbing, constant and repsponds well to NSAIDs |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Fear & anxiety
Tachycardia
Hypertension
Pupil dilation
Diaphoresis
Hyperglycemia
(decreased?) blood flow to viscera & skin
Decreased gastric acid |
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Term
| Acute and malignant types of pain result from activation of the primary afferent nociceptors, meaning that the underlying mechanism of these types of pain is ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| At what point does pain become chronic? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Point at which pain is perceived, does not vary over time but may be affected if there is a greater stimulus in another part of the body (perceptual dominance) |
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Term
|
Definition
Point at which pt initiates a response to the pain
Very cultural |
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Term
| Pain from damage to nerves, altered processing of pain or damage to CNS tissue |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the main change related to aging that affects pain tx? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Fentanyl
Oxy
Dilaudid
Ketamine |
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Term
|
Definition
Anti-depressants and seizure meds:
Gabapentin (seizure med)
Cymbalta (SNRI anti-depressant)
Lyrica (expensive, highly addictive) (seizure med)
Fluoxetine (SSRI antidepressant (prozac))
Amitriptyline (TCA antidepressant) |
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Term
Gate Control Theory
What fibers transmit to the spinal cord?
What substance opens the "gate" to the brain?
What close the "gate"?
|
|
Definition
Delta and C fibers transmit to substantia gelatinosa to dorsal horn of cord, substance P opens gate up to brain
Alpha and beta close gate |
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Term
|
Definition
Increases BG
Increases BP/CO
Anti OR Pro inflammatory
Can suppress immune system or increase humoral immunity
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Term
| How does cortisol increase BP? |
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Definition
Increases sensitivity of target organs to NE and Epi
Also "optimizes myocardial performance" |
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Term
| How does cortisol increase blood glucose? |
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Definition
Increases free fatty acids and amino acids in blood
Increases catabolism of these compounds into glucose in liver
Decreases glucose uptake in periphery |
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Term
| Why would the body want to release aldosterone in a stress response? |
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Definition
| It increases BP which increases peripheral resistance which increases perfusion |
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Term
| What is released by the anterior pituitary in response to CRH? |
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Definition
Beta endorphins (analgesia)
ACTH (causes adrenal cortex to release cortisol)
GH (chronic stress lowers GH though)
Prolactin |
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Term
| What is released by the poserior pituitary in response to CRH? |
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Definition
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|
Term
This hormone largely acts on Alpha Receptors and does the following:
Releases NPY (vasoconstriction)
Increases eccrine gland production of sweat
Pupil dilation
Arteriole smooth muscle contraction
Piloerection |
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Definition
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Term
| This hormone acts largely on ___ and ____ receptors. What does it do? |
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Definition
Alpha and Beta receptors
Increases BP (Inc venous return, inc contractility, inc HR)
Vasodilation of Skeletal Muscle
Bronchodilation
Lipolysis (alt energy source)
Decreases insulin (keeps glucose avail for brain)
Increases glucagon (release stores of glucose)
Decreases glycogen synthesis (stop storing glucose)
Increases glycogenolysis (release stores of glucose) |
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Term
| What changes are seen in the elderly pt with regard to pain threshold/tolerance? |
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Definition
Increase in pain threshold
Decrease in pain tolerance |
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Term
| At what GFR do you use renal dosing? |
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Definition
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