Term
| what makes pain better/worse |
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Definition
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Term
| describe the pain; classify the type |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| where is the pain? is it localized? |
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Term
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Definition
| pain scale- give a reference point |
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Term
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Definition
| any specific time pain is worse? how long does it last? |
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Term
| dull, aching, throbbing, localized, worse with movement |
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Definition
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Term
| irritable bowel pain, gas pain |
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Definition
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Term
| lightening, streaking, radiating, pins and needles, electrical |
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Definition
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Term
| Charlie horse, gripping, spasms |
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Definition
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Term
| typically able to self-treat with OTC APAP or an NSAID |
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Definition
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Term
| combination of medications (hydrocodone + APAP) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| opioids, NSAIDs, calcitonin, bisphosphonates, steroids, radiation |
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Term
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Definition
| nerve blocks, intrathecal with opioid and/or local anesthetic, epidural, octreotide to decrease secretions in bowel obstructions, antispasmodicss |
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Term
| inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins via COX in the CNS; blocks pain impulse in the periphery |
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Definition
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Term
| neuropathic pain treatment |
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Definition
| TCAs, SNRIs, anticonvulsants, topiramate, capsaicin, Lidoderm patches, steroids, opioids |
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Term
| Not to exceed 2 grams/day (acetaminophen) |
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Definition
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Term
| Acetaminophen Clinical pearls |
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Definition
| DOC for pain in pregnancy, DOC for pain in patients on warfarin; FDA is limiting combo productions to 325 mg/dose |
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Term
| inhibit COX enzymes in the CNS and PNS; COX enzymes catalyze prostaglandins and thromboxane from arachadonic acid; Prostaglandins increase inflammation |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| used for severe pain; avoid in patients with renal failure or a high risk of bleeding |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| treatment of peri-operative pain in the setting of coronary artery bypass graft CABG) surgery |
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Term
| interaction with the MOR-1D receptor which subsequently connects to GRPR to relay itch signals |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Antihistamines, change opioid, steroid |
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Term
| activation of opioid receptors in the chemotherapy trigger zone. this triggers a signal to the omitting center to initiate emesis |
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Definition
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Term
| interaction with the mu-2 opioid receptors in the brain |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| multiple routes and formulations, most experience |
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Term
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Definition
| highest rates of side effects |
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Term
| can be opened and sprinkled into food |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| toxic, can accumulate in patients with renal failure and may lead to seizures |
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Term
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Definition
| more potent, faster onset, no major metabolites, lower rate of side effects compared to morphine, a once daily ER formulation |
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Term
| hydromorphone disadvantages |
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Definition
| more expensive, less formulations, higher risk |
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