Term
| Functions of Digestive System |
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Definition
ingestion
mechanical digestion
chemical digestion
propulsion
absorption
defecation |
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Term
| describe alimentary canal |
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Definition
| 4 layers- mucosa, submucosa, muscular layer, and serosa |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| controls gastrointestinal motility |
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Term
| parasympathetic impulses – |
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Definition
| increase activities of digestive system |
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Term
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Definition
| inhibit certain digestive actions |
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Term
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Definition
ingestion
mechanical digestion
prepares food for chemical digestion |
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Term
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Definition
clear
water, serous fluid
rich in amylase |
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Term
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Definition
primarily serous fluid
some mucus |
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Term
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Definition
primarily mucus
most viscous |
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Term
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Definition
| Connects nasal and oral cavities to larynx and esophagus |
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Term
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Definition
soft palate and uvula raise
hyoid bone and larynx elevate
epiglottis closes off top of trachea
longitudinal muscles of pharynx contract
inferior constrictor muscles relax and esophagus opens
peristaltic waves push food through pharynx |
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Term
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Definition
from chief cells
inactive form of pepsin |
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Term
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Definition
from pepsinogen in presence of HCl
protein splitting enzyme |
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Term
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Definition
from parietal cells
needed to convert pepsinogen to pepsin |
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Term
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Definition
from goblet cells and mucous glands
protective to stomach wall |
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Term
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Definition
from parietal cells
required for vitamin B12 absorption in the small intestine |
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Term
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Definition
triggered by smell, taste, sight, or thought of food
parasympathetic impulses trigger gastric juice secretion |
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Term
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Definition
triggered by presence of food in stomach, the pH rises
gastrin released in response to increase pH
As the pH approaches 3 gastrin is inhibited |
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Term
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Definition
triggered by movement of food into small intestine
intestinal cells release intestinal gastrin
secretion of gastric juice |
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Term
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Definition
some water
certain salts
certain lipid-soluble drugs
alcohol
Most all nutrients are absorbed in the small intestine |
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Term
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Definition
| splits glycogen into disaccharides |
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Term
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Definition
| breaks down triglycerides |
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Term
| trypsin, chymotrypsin, and carboxypeptidase – |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| make pancreatic juice alkaline |
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Term
acidic chyme stimulates release of secretin
secretin stimulate release of pancreatic juice |
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Definition
| Pancreatic Secretions regulated? |
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Term
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Definition
produces glycogen from glucose
breaks down glycogen into glucose
-converts noncarbohydrates to glucose
-oxidizes fatty acids
-synthesizes lipoproteins, phospholipids, and cholesterol
-converts carbohydrates and proteins into fats
-deaminates amino acids
-forms urea
-synthesizes plasma proteins
-converts some amino acids to other amino acids
-stores glycogen, vitamins A,D, B12, iron, and blood
-phagocytosis of worn out RBCs and foreign substances
-removes toxins from blood
-produces and secretes |
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Term
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Definition
| breaks down peptides into amino acids |
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Term
| sucrase, maltase, lactase – |
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Definition
| break down disaccharides into monosaccharides |
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Term
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Definition
| breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol |
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Term
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Definition
| converts trypsinogen to trypsin |
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Term
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Definition
| hormone that inhibits acid secretion by stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| hormone that inhibits gastric glands, stimulates pancreas to release enzymes in pancreatic juice, stimulates gallbladder to release bile |
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Term
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Definition
| stimulates pancreas to release bicarbonate ions in pancreatic juice |
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Term
| Regulation of Small Intestinal Secretions |
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Definition
-mucus secretion stimulated by presence of chyme in small intestine
-distension of intestinal wall activates nerve plexuses in wall of small intestine
-parasympathetics trigger release of intestinal enzymes |
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Term
| how are monosaccharides and amino acids absorbed into the small intestine? |
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Definition
through facilitated diffusion and active transport
absorbed into blood |
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Term
| how are electrolytes and water absorbed into the small intestine> |
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Definition
through diffusion, osmosis, and active transport
absorbed into blood |
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Term
| how are fatty acids and glycerol absorbed into the small intestine? |
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Definition
| absorbed into lymph and blood |
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Term
| Functions of Large Intestine |
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Definition
little or no digestive function
absorbs water and electrolytes
secretes mucus
houses intestinal flora
forms feces
carries out defecation |
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Term
| Life-Span Changes of the Digestive System |
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Definition
teeth become sensitive
gums recede
teeth may loosen or fall out
heartburn more frequent
constipation more frequent
nutrient absorption decreases
accessory organs age but the effects are less noticeable |
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Term
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Definition
| secretes saliva which contain enzymes that begin the breakdown of carbohydrates |
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Term
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Definition
| produces bile which emulsifies fats |
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Term
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Definition
| stores bile and introduces it to the small intestine |
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Term
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Definition
| produces and secretes pancreatic juice containing digestive enzymes, and bicarbonate ions into the small intestine |
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Term
| stomach begins the enzymatic digestion of |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
mixes food with bile and pancreatic juice
final enzyme breakdown of food
main site of nutrition absorption |
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