Term
| What is the total body fluid? |
|
Definition
| 40 liters in adult male weighing 70kg |
|
|
Term
| This balance depends on multiple physiological processes that regulate fluid intake and output, as well as the movement of water and the substances dissolved in it between body compartments? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the average healthy adult's weight of water? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Water is vital to health and normal cellular function serving as? |
|
Definition
medium for metabolic reactions within cells
Transporter for nutrients, waste products, and other substances
insulator and shock absorber.
means of regulating and maintaining body temperature |
|
|
Term
| Intracellular fluid (ICF)is found? how much total body fluid in adults? |
|
Definition
| within the cells of the body; 2/3 |
|
|
Term
| Extracellular fluid (ECF) is found? How much total body fluid in adults? |
|
Definition
| outside the cells and accounts for about 1/3 of total body fluids |
|
|
Term
| What are the two main compartments of ECF? |
|
Definition
| Intravascular fluid (plasma) and Interstitial fluid |
|
|
Term
| Give examples transcellular fluid? |
|
Definition
| cerebrospinal, pericardial, pancreatic, pleural, intraocular, biliary, peritoneal, synovial fluid |
|
|
Term
| What is Intravascular fluid or plasma? Where is it found and the percent? |
|
Definition
| ECF; found within the vascular system; 20% |
|
|
Term
| What is Interstitial fluid? Where is it found and the percent? |
|
Definition
| ECF; found surrounding the cell; 75% |
|
|
Term
| This fluid is vital to normal cell functioning. It contains solutes such as oxygen, electrolytes, and glucose, it provides a medium in which metabolic processes of the cell take place? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This fluid has two compartments, it is the transport system that carries oxygen and nutrients to and waste products from, body cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are charged particles called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are positive charged particles called? Give examples |
|
Definition
| cations; sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium |
|
|
Term
| what are negative charged particles called? Give examples |
|
Definition
| anions; chloride, bicarbonate, phosphate, sulfate |
|
|
Term
| The term milliequivalent refers to? |
|
Definition
| the chemical combing power of the ion, or the capacity of cations to combine with anions to form molecules. |
|
|
Term
| What are the principal electrolytes for ECF? |
|
Definition
| sodium, chloride, bicarbonate |
|
|
Term
| What is a protein-rich fluid, containing large amounts of albumin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the primary cations and anions presented in ICF? |
|
Definition
cations= potassium and magnesium
anions= phosphate and sulfate |
|
|
Term
| Selectively permeable means? |
|
Definition
| substance other than water move across them with varying degrees of ease. Large molecules such as glucose and proteins have difficulty moving between fluid compartments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| substances dissolved in a liquid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| salts that dissolve readily into true solutions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| substances such as large protein molecules that do not readily dissolve into true solutions |
|
|
Term
| what is the component of a solution that can dissolve a solute? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The concentration of solutes in body fluids is usually expressed as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tonicity may be used to refer to what? |
|
Definition
| osmolality of one solution in relation to another solution |
|
|
Term
| Isotonic solutions means? |
|
Definition
| solution has the same osmolality as ECF |
|
|
Term
| Hypertonic solutions mean? |
|
Definition
| higher osmolality than ECF |
|
|
Term
| Hypotonic solutions means? |
|
Definition
| lower osmolality than ECF |
|
|
Term
| Osmotic pressure is the power of a solution to pull what? |
|
Definition
| water across a semipermeable membrane |
|
|
Term
| Plasma proteins exert osmotic pressure called colloid osmotic pressure or oncotic pressure. What does this mean? |
|
Definition
| holding water in plasma, and when necessary pulling water from the interstitial space into the vascular compartment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| two solutes of different concentrations are separated by a semipermeable membrane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| specific kind of diffusion in which water moves across cell membranes, from less concentrated solution to the more concentrated solution. |
|
|
Term
| Filtration is a process whereby? |
|
Definition
| fluid and solutes move together across a membrane from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure. |
|
|
Term
| The pressure that results in the movement of the fluid and solutes out of a compartment is called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This pressure exerted by a fluid within a closed system on the walls of the container in which it is contained is called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The movement of solutes across cell membranes from a less concentrated solution to a more concentrated one is called? A substance combines with a carrier on the outside surface of the cell membrane, and they move to the inside surface of the cell membrane |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How much fluid intake ORALLY should a average adult drink in ML? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How much fluid intake TOTAL should a average adult drink in ML? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How much URINE should a average adult output in ML? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How much TOTAL should a average adult output in ML? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does insensible fluid losses mean? |
|
Definition
| not noticeable and cannot be measure fluid loss through lungs and skin |
|
|
Term
| How many ML of water loss through diffusion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How much insensible loss is the water in exhaled air for normal adult? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does Obligatated losses mean and how much in ML? |
|
Definition
| certain fluid losses are required to maintain normal body function; 500 ML |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| substance that releases hydrogen ions in solution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| have a low hydrogen ion concentration and can accept hydrogen ions in solution. alkalis |
|
|
Term
| What are 3 simple clinical measurements that the nurse can initiate without a primary care provider's order? |
|
Definition
| daily weight, vital signs, fluid intake and output |
|
|
Term
| Physical assessment to evaluate a client's fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base status focuses on? |
|
Definition
| skin, oral cavity, mucous membranes, cardiovascular and respiratory systems, and neurologic and muscular status |
|
|
Term
| Daily weights provide what? |
|
Definition
| accurate assessment of a client's fluid status |
|
|
Term
| Significant changes in weight over a short time indicates what? |
|
Definition
| acute fluid changes; more than 5 pounds in a week or more than 2 pounds in 24 hours |
|
|
Term
| Rapid losses or gains of total body weight may indicate what? and what is the percent of total body fluid weight? |
|
Definition
| 5-8% total body fluid; severe fluid volume deficits or excesses |
|
|
Term
| To obtain accurate weight measurements what should the nurse do? |
|
Definition
| first balance the scale, weight at the same time each day, wearing the same or similar clothing, and on the same scale? |
|
|
Term
| Tachycardia might be an early sign of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the fluids that need to be recorded (INTAKE)? |
|
Definition
| oral fluids, ice chips, foods that are or become liquid at room temp, tube feedings, parenteral fluids, IV meds, catheter or tube irrigants |
|
|
Term
| what are the fluids that need to be recorded (OUTPUT)? |
|
Definition
| urinary output, vomitus and liquid feces, tube drainage, wound and fistual drainage. |
|
|
Term
| what is the range for fluid intake and output? |
|
Definition
| 1,500-2000 ML in 24 hours |
|
|
