Term
| What happens to a pt. Potassium when albuterol is administered? |
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Definition
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Term
What are the effects of Potassium Imbalances?
Specific examples? |
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Definition
Muscular and Cardiovascular
Skelatal Muscle weakness, cramping, myalgia, rhabdomyolysis
T was inversion, ST segment lowering
PR interval increase
QRS complex widening |
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Term
What is the preferred tx of non-lifethreatening Hypokalemia?
What is the dose? |
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Definition
Oral tx
KCl tab first or K Phosphate
Maintanance: 20mEq/day
Tx: 40-100mEq/day |
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Term
What is the rate of administration of K via IV?
Peripheral vs. Central? |
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Definition
10-20mEq/h (20 must be on ECG monitor)
smaller volumes must be given centrally (50-100mL) |
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Term
| What are the primary causes of Hyperkalemia? |
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Definition
Increase K in Diet
Dec K excretion (renal failure)
Tubular unresponsiveness to aldosterone
redistribution of K into ECF |
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Term
| What are the ECG changes assoc with the increase in K? |
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Definition
5-5.6 Peak T wave
6-7 PR Interval lengthened
7-8 QRS comlex widens |
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Term
What is the 1st tx of sever hyperkalemia?
Why? |
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Definition
Calcium Gulconate or Chloride
to stabilize the heart |
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Term
List the tx for hyperkalemia and how it works and when it canNOT be used
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Definition
Insulin/Dextrose- intracellular movement of K, unless glucose>250 then just insulin or <80 just Dextrose
Sodium Bicarb- intracellular movement of K by inc pH, only give if pH <7.2
Beta agonist- intracellular movement of K via Na/K ATPase, can induce arrythmias
Loop Diuretics- renal excretion of K, not if hypotensive
SPS- removes K from body
Hemodialysis |
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Term
What are normal values for Mg?
What role does it play in the body?
How is it absorbed in the body? |
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Definition
1.5-2.2mEq/L
nerve conduction and membrane stabilization
GI and Loop of Henle |
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Term
Etiologies of Hypomagnesia?
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Definition
GI- malabsorption syndrome, N/V, laxitive use, pancreatic insufficiency etc
Renal- tubular disorders, osmotic diureses, metabolic acidosis, glucose infusion etc
Drugs- Ampho B, Diuretics, Alcohol, Aminoglycosides |
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Term
How is Hypomagnesia treated?
What ADR may occur? |
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Definition
If asymptomatic give orally first
Symptomatic or Mg <1 give Mag Sulfate IV
ADR: cardiac arrythmias, hypotension |
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Term
What are some causes of Hypermagnesia?
How is it treated? |
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Definition
Renal Dysfunction
Magnesium containing supplements/antacids
Tx based on symptoms
IV calcium (heart), IV loop diuretics (adequate renal function), Hemodialysis for ESRD |
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Term
What are the normal Total and Ionized Calcium Levels?
How do you correct Ca? |
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Definition
Total 8.5-10.8mg/dL
Ionized 1.15-1.38mMol/L
[Ca]+ 0.8(4-albumin) |
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Term
| What are the etiologies of Hypocalcemia? |
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Definition
| Hypoparathyroidism, Vit D deficiency, Gastric Surgery |
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