Term
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Definition
| A stimulus or event that functions as a positive punisher or a negative reinforcer |
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Term
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Definition
| A contingency where an impending stimulus or event is cancelled or delayed following some response and results in the maintenance or increase in the rate/probability of that response. |
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Definition
| Use of aversive stimuli to get others to act as we like |
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Term
| Conditioned aversive stimulus |
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Definition
| An stimulus that acquires an aversive function from a history of conditioning |
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Term
| Conditioned punishing stimulus |
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Definition
| An stimulus that acquires a punishing function from a history of conditioning |
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Term
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Definition
| When behavior emitted in the presence of a discriminative stimulus that signals an impending aversive stimulus, often called a warning stimulus, results in cancellation or delay of the impending aversive stimulus |
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Definition
| A contingency where a currenlty available or ongoing stimulus or event is terminated following some response and results in the maintenance or increase in the rate of that response. |
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Term
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Definition
| The extent to which the cause-and-effect relationship found in an experiment occurs other circumstance s not represented in the experiment. |
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Definition
| When an individual no longer tries to avoid or escape an aversive situation after repeated uncontrollable, unavoidable, inescapable exposure to it |
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Term
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Definition
| Focus on large-scale factors that regulate responding |
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Term
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Definition
| Focus on small moment-to-moment relationships that regulate responding |
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Term
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Definition
| The process or procedure of reducing behavior by terminating, cancelling, preventing, or delaying a stimulus or event contingent upon the occurance of the behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| The process or procedure of increasing behavior by terminating, cancelling, or delaying a stimulus or event contingent upon the occurance of the behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| A stimulus or event that when terminated, cancelled, or delayed following a behavior results in the maintenance or increase in the future rate/probabilty of that behavior |
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Term
| Nondiscriminated (Sidman) avoidance |
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Definition
| Avoidance that occurs without a discriminative or warning stimlus to signal an impending aversive stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
| Aggressive behavior that is naturally maintained by negative reinforcement that eliminates or neutralizes an individual associated with aversive stimuli |
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Term
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Definition
| Positive punishment procedure that includes practicing an appropriate response multiple times, beyond the number necessary to show that the response can be performed |
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Term
| Paradoxical effects of punishment |
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Definition
| The evidence that response-produced shock resembles some of the effects of positive reinforcement, such as FI scalloping, even though research as shown that the shocks do not actually function as positive reinforcement. |
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Term
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Definition
| Maintenance of over time of response suppression resulting from punishment |
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Term
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Definition
| The process or procedure of reducing behavior by delivering a stimulus or event contingent upon the occurance of the behavior |
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Term
| Primary aversive stimulus |
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Definition
| A stimulus that is aversive because of an individual's phylogeny |
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Term
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Definition
| An event or stimulus that decreases the future rate/probabilty of operant behavior when it is occurs as a consequence for that behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| The process or procedure of reducing behavior by delivering, terminating, cancelling, or delaying a stimulus or event contingent upon the occurance of the behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| the question about if, when, and how punishment should be used |
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Term
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Definition
| Aggressive responses elicited by an aversive stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
| Presentation of a lower frequency operant will punish a higher frequency behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| A procedure where reinforcers previously earned for one behavior are removed contingent on the occurrence of another behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| In an operant avoidance arrangement, the time between a response and the presentation of the next shock |
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Term
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Definition
| In an operant avoidance arrangements, the time between scheduled shocks if no avoidance response occurs |
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Term
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Definition
| A negative side effect of punishment in which individuals who uses punishment and the context in which they use it become conditioned aversive stimuli, resulting in attempts to escape or avoid those individuals/settings |
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Term
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Definition
| The contingent cancellation of avoidable aversive events for some time following a behavior, which tends to function as a reinforcer for that behavior |
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Term
| Timeout [from positive reinforcement] |
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Definition
| The contingent removal of access to positive reinforcers for some time following a behavior, which tends to function as a negative punisher for that behavior |
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