Term
| What are the 4 functions of the pulmonary system? |
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Definition
| Ventilation, diffusion, perfusion, and transport. |
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Term
| What does the process of ventilation refer to? |
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Definition
| Oxygen coming into the body and carbon dioxide leaving the body. |
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Term
| What helps the autonomic nervous system control ventilation? |
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Definition
| neuroreceptors in lungs sense hypoxia and send signal to brain to increase rate and depth of respirations. |
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Term
| What processes occur during diffusion in the pulmonary system? |
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Definition
| Alveoli are ventilated, oxygen diffused from alveoli into pulmonary blood vessels, and carbon dioxide is exchanged for 02. |
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Term
| What happens during perfusion? |
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Definition
| oxygen is transported to tissues and carbon dioxide is transported back to the lungs. |
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Term
| What are some factors that interfere with effective oxygenation? |
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Definition
| coughing, pain, COPD, obstruction..... |
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Term
| What are signs of impaired oxygenation? |
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Definition
| Altered breathing patterns, cyanosis, increased pulse, flaring of nares, use of accessory muscles, abnormal breath sounds, chest pain, clubbing of nails. |
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Term
| What are some nursing diagnosis for patient with oxygenation problems? |
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Definition
| ineffective airway clearance, ineffective breathing pattern, impaired gas exchange. |
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Term
| What are some interventions for a patient with oxygenation issues? |
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Definition
| observe for confusion, depth and effort, pulse ox cyanosis, secretions (color, amount). assess for diminished breath sounds, position in high fowlers, give o2, turn cough deep breath, incentive spirometry.. |
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Term
| What is the correct way to use incentive spirometer and why is it used? |
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Definition
| Take a slow deep breath out and then inhale slowly with mouth piece in. Do this 10-15 times per hour. used to encourage breathing and prevents pneumonia. |
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Term
| What is the purpose of pursed lip breathing? |
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Definition
| Generates resistance to exhalation, cauing pressure to be maintained throughout lungs. Keeps alveoli inflated for longer periods of time. |
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Term
| What is the normal pulse ox range for an adult? elderly? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is hypoxemia and what would you do to help it? |
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Definition
| oxygen deficiency in blood measured by pulse ox. supplemental oxygen is used. |
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Term
| What is needed in order to give a patient supplemental oxygen? |
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Definition
| oxygen source, flow meter, delivery device, and humidifier if necessary. |
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Term
| When is humidification absolutely needed in o2 therapy? |
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Definition
| when o2 flow rate is greater than 4l/min. |
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Term
| What does humidification do? |
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Definition
| used to keep secretions moist and loose so they are easier to move. keeps airway moist. |
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Term
| How much oxygen is delivered on room air? |
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Definition
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Term
| How much oxygen is delivered on 1L? 2L? 3L? 4L? 5L? 6L? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a nurses responsibility when a patient is on o2 therapy? |
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Definition
| comfort, no skin breakdown around ears, make sure oxygen is on, tubing is good. |
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Term
| a nasal cannula can support 02 therapy up to ___ liters |
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Definition
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Term
| A simple oxygen mask supports o2 therapy up to ___ L |
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Definition
| 8 liters or 30%-60% oxygen delivered. |
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Term
| a Partial rebreathing mask differs from a non rebreathing mask because? |
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Definition
| a partial re-breathing mask allows 1/3 of exhaled air to go back into reservoir bag. A non rebreather has a one way valve to prevent exhaled air from entering reservoir bag, increasing o2 availability. |
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Term
| What is the benefit of a venturi ask? |
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Definition
| Allows for precise measurement of oxygen delivery. |
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Term
| What is a BVM and what is it used for? |
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Definition
| Bag-valve mask, used to manually force air into a patients lungs. |
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Term
| What causes absorption atelectasis and what is it? |
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Definition
| prolonged exposure to high concetration of o2. Oxygen washes out the level of nitrogen decreasing alveolar volume. |
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Term
| what is the danger of o2 induced hypoventilation? |
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Definition
| supplemental o2 may cause respiratory rate to slow causing co2 levels to dramatically increase with a corresponding drop in PH. |
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Term
| What assessment findings would the nurse look for which could indicate that the patient needs to be suctioned? |
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Definition
| rhonci in the lungs, mucous build up, significant drop in o2 level. |
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Term
| What interferes with obtaining a valid pulse ox testing? |
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Definition
| finger nail polish, clubbed fingers, poor peripheral blood flow... |
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