Term
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Definition
Irritant Reflex
Mucociliary system
Bronchoconstriction
Immune system
role of surfactant |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
elasticity of lungs
If noncompliant pt can't breath as in COPD |
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Term
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Definition
| Should have none. Broncho-constriction, asthma, COPD |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| chemoreceptors and ventilation |
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Definition
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Term
| Health history for ventilation |
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Definition
| smoking, asthma, exercise, SOB, family hx, RR |
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Term
| Inspection for ventilation |
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Definition
| breathing, accessory muscles (intercostals |
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Term
| Palpation for ventilation |
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Definition
| thumbs around chest and low back while inhaling |
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Term
Auscultation for ventilation
(most important assessment tool) |
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Definition
| Should hear normal breathing. Abnormal lung sounds (adventitious) include crackles (fine or coarse), ronchii, wheezing, pleural rub |
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Term
| Nervous System controls breathing |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Ronchii: snoring quietly. Occurs w/ secretions |
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Term
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Definition
Bronchial = trachea
Vesicular = lung field (most lmportant)
Bronchovesicular = where bronchials divide |
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Term
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Definition
| Sounds like hair against the ear and indicates air or fluids in pleural space |
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Term
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Definition
| ABGs, CBC for infection and hemoglobin |
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Term
| Nursing Dx for oxygenation |
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Definition
Ineffective Tissue Perfusion
Impaired Gas Exchange
Activity Intolerance
Ineffective Breathing Pattern
Ineffective Airway, Anxiety, Fear
Pain, Knowledge Deficit |
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Term
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Definition
Hg: 12-16 females, 14-18 male
Hematocrit: Hg x 3
PaO2: 80-100
PaCO2: 35-45 |
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Term
Interventions for
Impaired oxygen |
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Definition
| Decrease allergens, provide hydration, positioning, decrease smoking, cough |
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Term
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Definition
| acute inflammation or infection of the lungs that impairs gas exchange |
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Term
COPD
(restrictive airway disease) |
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Definition
| Holding onto CO2. Air is trapped. Long expiration, short inspiration. If given a lot of O2 can impair impulse to breathe. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inhale normally. Exhale w/ pursed lips. Releases more CO2. COPD have increased CO2. |
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Term
| Risk Factors for Pneumonia |
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Definition
| Pollution, smoking, decreased LOC, alcoholics, trachea intubation, immunosuppressed, n/g feedings, elderly, malnourished, children |
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Term
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Definition
| bronchodilators, anti-inflammatory, anti-infectives, anti-tubercular, antihistamines, expectorants, mucolytics, antitussives, anticoagulants, decongestants |
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Term
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Definition
| Relax smooth muscle (mimics SNS), ideally BETA 2 selective (lungs), bronchodilation, increased rate |
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Term
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Definition
Albuterol, Proventil, Ventolin
most effective is inhaled form.
Used for acute symptoms of respiratory distress. |
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Term
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Definition
Theophylline: PO
aminophyllin: IV (mix in D5W only)
Used with asthma, COPD, bronchospasm |
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Term
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Definition
| Given IV mixed in D5W. Avoid caffeine. Causes hyperactivity, increased HR, low BP, seizures, HA, insomnia, irritability |
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Term
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Definition
Decrease antiinflammatory response. Relaxes bronchioles.
Prednisone - PO.
Solumedrol - IV |
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Term
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Definition
| Wt. gain, irritability, anxious, fluid retention, anxious, irritability, increased appetite, HR, ulcers and glucose. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cephalosporins, pencillins, tetracyclines, quinolones |
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Term
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Definition
| Mycobacterial tuberculosis treated by INH |
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Term
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Definition
| Liquefy lower respiratory tract secretions. Guafinesin helps thin out secretions. |
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Term
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Definition
| Break down mucus to help patients cough up thick secretions. |
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Term
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Definition
Given in a nebulizer or through ET tube.
NCLEX ? antidote for Tylenol |
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Term
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Definition
| Suppress cough reflex. Codeine |
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Term
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Definition
Decreases nasal congestion. Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed)
Can cause 'rebound congestion' if used more than 4 days. |
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Term
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Definition
| Atrovent-blocks vagal stimulation causing smooth muscle relaxation |
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Term
| Leukotriene receptor antagonists |
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Definition
| Accolate is an antiinflammatory used with long term asthma treatment |
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