Term
| What are the 4 major steps involved in the CV system that ensure all tissues get the blood supply they need? |
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Definition
1. Generate arterial pressure in the left ventricle
2. Let tissues regulate their own flow
3. Generate enough venous pressure to ensure cardiac filling
4. Maintain blood volume |
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Term
| What are the sections of the vascular system where exchange of nutrients and waste occur called? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which flow system has higher pressure, systematic or pulmonary? Why? |
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Definition
| Systematic has higher pressure. Both circuits have the same flow, so this occurs because the pulmonary blood circuit has lower resistance |
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Term
| Where does the largest pressure drop occur in systemic blood flow? |
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Definition
| Arterioles, as they have the most resistance of the systemic blood flow circuit. |
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Term
| Explain why arterioles have a higher pressure drop then capillaries if capillaries have higher resistance then arterioles. |
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Definition
| Capillaries exist in large numbers and in parallel, so the combined resistance of them tends to make the net resistance of the capillary bed less then that or the arterioles feeding it. |
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Term
| Define total peripheral resitance |
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Definition
| The total resistance to flow between the aortic valve and the right atrium |
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Term
| What two equations can be used to get total cardiac output? |
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Definition
1. beats per minute x stroke volume
2. (mean arterial pressure)/(total pulmonary resistance) |
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Term
| What measurement reflects blood vessels response to transmural pressure? |
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Definition
| Compliance. C= (change in volume)/(transmural pressure difference) |
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Term
| Which has higher compliance and why: Arteries or Veins? |
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Definition
Veins.
1. Arteries have thick, strong walls that resist volume changes
2. Veins need to be able to alter compliance to maintain constant pressure when facing volume changes |
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Term
| What is the key variable used to control arteriole blood flow? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the key variable used to control veinous blood flow? |
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Definition
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Term
| Explain how altering venous compliance can alter pressure |
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Definition
| Reduction in compliance (more elastic recoil on the vessel) squeezes the blood and raises venous pressure |
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